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waters of inferior quality, and reuse drainage water with high salt contents and use of species able to produce high yields when irrigated with these types of water (Rhoades et al., 2000). The salinity tolerance is the ability of plants to maintain growth and metabolism remain unchanged, as photosynthesis depending on the content of chlorophyll in conditions of stress, so that the crop tolerant species presents itself as a viable choice for reuse of saline areas. Among the various processes affected by salinity, the reduction of photosynthesis is widely reported in the literature (Netondo et al., 2004a, 2004b; Praxedes et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2011) and has been attributed to stomatal limitations of origin and non-stomatal (Netondo et al., 2004b; Munns & Tester, 2008; Praxedes et al., 2010). According to FAO data, the cowpea tolerates irrigation with saline water with electrical conductivity of 3.3 dSm -1 (Ayers & Westcot, 1999). The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of increasing salinity of irrigation water on the chlorophyll content and nodulation of different genotypes of cowpea. 2. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), on the premises of UFCG, Center for Technology and Natural Resources (CTRN), Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering (UAEA), Brazil. The UFCG is located in central eastern state of Paraíba, in the Borborema Plateau, whose geographic coordinates are latitude 7 ° 13'11'', longitude 35 º 53'31'' west and altitude of 547.56 m (FIGURE 1). According to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the city has an annual rainfall of 802.7 mm, maximum temperature of 27.5 ° C, minimum 19.2 ° C and relative humidity of 83%. FIGURE 1: Aerial view of UFCG. Local greenhouse in focus.
We used a completely randomized in a factorial 5x4 (genotypes and salinity levels), with four replications. The treatments consisted of different levels of salinity of irrigation water (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dSm -1 ), each experimental unit was represented by one plant / pot, with a capacity of 1,5 kg soil Regossoil Neolithic eutrophic, fertilized according Novais et al. (1991). Were sown in each pot, three seeds, leaving only one plant per pot after thinning, which occurred five days after emergence (DAE). The genotypes (G) used in this experiment were: G1 (MNC01-649F-1-3), G2 (BRS-Juruá), G3 (-675F-MNC02 4-9), G4 (MNC03-736F-7) and G5 (MNC02-684F-5-6), assigned by Embrapa Mid-North, Center for reference in research with the improvement of cowpea, and production of new cultivars, located in the city of Teresina, Piauí State, and specially developed for cultivation in the climatic conditions prevailing in the semi-arid northeastern Brazil. The seeds were inoculated with rizobia strain BR-3267, especially developed in Brazil for symbiosis with this legume species. Irrigation was performed daily with water from the supply network's campus UFCG, to be pruned, if from this, the water used for irrigation had different levels of salinity, according to the treatments. Salinity levels evaluated were obtained by mixing the salts Ca, Na and Mg. The biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) was estimated through the SPAD readings of the index, using a chlorophyll meter SPAD-502 Minolta, the second fully expanded leaf from the apex to the base plant, and dry weight of nodules. Data were analyzed by F test and regression models adjusted with the regression coefficient. 3. Results and Discussion SPAD index in variable interaction between genotypes and salinity levels had no significant effect (FIGURE 2), significant effect (p
Page 1 and 2: POSTER SW: SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERI
Page 3 and 4: Presenter: Jose Euclides Paterniani
Page 5 and 6: 1 Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Page 7 and 8: Matsura Department of hydraulic and
Page 9 and 10: P-2064 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF
Page 11 and 12: temperature-based (e.g., Thornthwai
Page 13 and 14: two types of reference surfaces rep
Page 15 and 16: (d) Baft (c) Bam (b) Kerma n (a) Ji
Page 17 and 18: Estevez, J., Gavilan, P., & Berenge
Page 19 and 20: 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 The hy
Page 21 and 22: Ia = n × v ec Equation 3 which: Ia
Page 23 and 24: 5. References ALLEN, R.G.; PEREIRA,
Page 25 and 26: The density analysis was performed
Page 27 and 28: Figure1 - Relationship between the
Page 29 and 30: 4 Conclusions • The density obtai
Page 31 and 32: characteristics resulting from of g
Page 33 and 34: Table1. Morphological characteristi
Page 35 and 36: Transpiration of Eucalyptus spp see
Page 37 and 38: The fertilization growth and harden
Page 39 and 40: Cool, J. B., Rodrigo, G. N., Garcí
Page 41 and 42: Abstract Agriculture and water sour
Page 43 and 44: In 1985 and 1986 hygienic protectio
Page 45 and 46: spring area. It is also prohibited
Page 47: Biological Nitrogen Fixation In Gen
Page 51 and 52: 5. References AYERS, R.S.; WESTCOT,
Page 53 and 54: 2 However, the cultures are not alw
Page 55 and 56: 4 TABEL 2: Mean values of radiation
Page 57 and 58: accumulated ETo (mm dia -1 ) 6 900
Page 59 and 60: only the expansion of agricultural
Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 2: Content of chlorophyll a,
Page 63 and 64: Evapotranspiration and Crop Coeffic
Page 65 and 66: were respectively applied in the fi
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 1: Irrigation depth and actua
Page 69 and 70: NUTRIENT RETENTION IN WETLANDS USIN
Page 71 and 72: Table 2. Daily affluent concentrati
Page 73 and 74: IMPORTANCE OF DRY GEAR MASS CULTURE
Page 75 and 76: mobilizing assimilated exerted by c
Page 77 and 78: This method consists of covering th
Page 79 and 80: uncovered ones, that mixed the wate
Page 81 and 82: coliforms and E-coli that might hav
Page 83 and 84: WATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION WITH
Page 85 and 86: in a grinder and passed through a 0
Page 87 and 88: 3.2. Determination of the required
Page 89 and 90: ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF LAND DEGRADAT
Page 91 and 92: This methodology consists of a sequ
Page 93 and 94: FIGURE 5. A - Area of exploitation
Page 95 and 96: Water technology improvements and t
Page 97 and 98: The Multiattribute Utility Theory (
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higher demand than those of scenari
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YIELD AND BEAN SIZE OF COFFEA ARABI
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uniformity of flowering. The irriga
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Table 3 - Analysis of variance for
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SUGARCANE FERTIRRIGATED WITH MINERA
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3. Results and Discussion The value
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espectively, compared to that obser
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Optimal Reservoir Operation Model w
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all periods are computed using Eq.
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(a) Calibration (b) Verification Fi
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Characteristics of Heavy Metal Cont
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2. Materials and Method 2.1. Study
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TABLE 2: Devices for collecting of
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Calibration of Hargreaves Equation
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Relative error (RE): Index of agree
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Stochastic modelling of Contaminant
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widely used for various fields such
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show that Extvalue and Logistic dis
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Efficiency of water and energy use
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Pressure: it was obtained by means
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them cover similar percentages. Dur
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Relationship among compaction, mois
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Cylindrical containers (191mm diame
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Figure 9 High compaction. Bulk dens
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Simulation of water flow with root
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water contents were almost greater
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Operation and Energy Optimization M
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Urmia Salt Lake Urmia FIGURE 1: Gha
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changes have been done in system. F
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Application of Surface Cover and So
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significantly lower than those from
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Choi, J. D., (1997). Effect of Rura
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1.1. Scope and aim The growth of th
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Therefore, the remaining works are
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network makes such volumes unaccept
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Reclaimed wastewater reuse has been
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Fig. 2 shows the monitoring results
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3. Conclusions Reclaimed wastewater
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Q P Ia 2 P Ia S for P≥Ia Q 0
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data P (mm), gauged in 130 pluviogr
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TABLE 2: CN emp values obtained for
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References Chapman, T. G. & Maxwell
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This work, after applying Kennessey
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TABLE 2 - Partial runoff coefficien
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Figure 3 also reports a comparison
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2. Material and Methods The experim
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TABLE 2: Summary of variance analys
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BEZERRA, I. L.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNA
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2. Materials and Methods The study
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Figure 3. Hourly values of ET estim
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Ortega-Farias, S.O., Cuenca, R.H.,
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2 Material end methods The wastewat
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Queiroz et al. (2004) and (Fonseca
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Reference list CEREDA, M.P. (2001)
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2. Data and Methods 2.1. Methods Ir
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3. Results The water balance model
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Acknowledgments This work was carri
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and the need to reduce costs, it be
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40 mm 65.30 59.00 8.70 8.10 60 mm 6
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REFERENCES BERTRAND, J. P. et al. L
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The mathematical modeling in the wa
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OD (mg L -1 ) OD obs (mg L -1 ) TAB
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OD (mg L -1 ) DBO (mg L -1 ) 8,00 7
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Effect of Rice Straw Mulch on Runof
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mg/L, 14.6 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, resp
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1 PAPAYA SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION FROM
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3 into an oven with circulating air
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5 14 12 Stem diameter (mm) 10 8 6 4
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7 Root dry matter (g plant -1 ) 8 7
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CAVALCANTE, L. F.; CORDEIRO, J. C.;
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This document was created with Win2
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extractable and non-extractable bou
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MOD-E and MOD-B, and 65.99% and 80.
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Houot, S., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud,
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measures water content and electric
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As observed, increasing the dischar
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irrigation: a comparison of point a
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field operations (STRECK et al., 20
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3. Results and discussions Table 1
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4. Conclusions It can be concluded
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water maintenance. At the same time
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TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each m
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TABLE 5 Correlation analysis of wat
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turbulent flow energy produced by w
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The numerical model was validated a
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4. Conclusion FIGURE 6: The shape o
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2.1 Case study The Zayandeh-Rud bas
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economic factors. In this is a very
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FIGURE 1. Location of the Wuliangsu
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WT( o C) (a) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
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• The effectiveness of the crop c
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As evidenced by Rana et al. (2005),
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1.20 1.20 2010 2011 0.90 0.90 K c 0
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elationships. There is forest area,
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B = ( c − a) A − ( c − d) c
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References Choi, W.-J., Lee, S.-M.,
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of faecal bacteria (Kummerer, 2004;
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FIGURE 1 - Project tasks and links
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Oliveira, A.B. & Henriques, M. (201
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1 Introduction To irrigate is to su
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the inverter that provides a refere
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OLIVEIRA FILHO, D. ; SAMPAIO, R. P.
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1.1 Description of the Study Area T
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Refrences: Bruce J.P. (1994). Natur
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RE because it has the advantages ov
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with L 1 2 com obs J ( k ) = ∑{ f
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Relative hydraulic conductivity r 1
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surfaces requires information on th
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climate. Therefore a special coeffi
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FIGURE 2: The relation between K pa
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Coagulation using Moringa oleifera
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After the assembly of the experimen
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For the positive control test, the
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MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF PRINCIP
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The multiple regression equations w
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Table 3 - Regression models that be
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Is Imaging Analysis Quantifying the
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of the computer. All additional ima
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The final enhanced images were segm
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image analysis is well suited and f
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EVALUATION OF CROP CANOPY EFFECT ON
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∂e ∂e ∂e + u + v ∂t ∂x
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4. Results and discussion 4.1. Spat
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Benchmarking of Irrigated Agricultu
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Indicators can be thought of as sta
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total area is about 13,700 km2. The
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