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information is required to establish the control measures to reduce ARB load in wastewaters and thus its environmental dissemination. 4. Acknowledgments This work is funded by National Funds through the FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under the project PEst-OE/AGR/UI0681/2011. 5. References Amador, P., Fernandes, R., Duarte, I., Brito, L. & Prudêncio, C. (2011). In vitro transference and molecular characterization of bla TEM genes in bacteria isolated from Portuguese ready-to-eat foods. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 27, 1775-1785. Aminov, R.I. (2009). The role of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature. Environmental Microbiology, 11, 2970-2988. Anónimo (2007). Decreto-Lei No 306/2007 de 27 de Agosto de 2007. Diário da República, 1ª série. Nº. 164 - 27 de Agosto de 2007. Pp. 5747-5765. Ding, C. & He, J. (2010). Effect of antibiotics in the environment on microbial populations. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87, 925-941. Falk, P., Hooper, L., Midtvedt, T. & Gordon, J. (1998). Creating and maintaining the gastrointestinal ecosystem: what we know and need to know from gnotobiology. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 62, 1157-1170. Fernandes, R. & Prudêncio, C. (2010). Post-surgical wound infections involving Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to β-lactams in two Portuguese hospitals. International Wound Journal, 7, 508-514. Finch, R. & Hunter, P.A. (2006). Antibiotic resistance-action to promote new technologies: report of an EU Intergovernmental Conference held in Birmingham, UK, 12–13 December 2005. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 58, Suppl. S1, i3-i22. Jury, K.L., Vancov, T., Stuetz, R.M. & Khan, S.J. (2010). Antibiotic resistance dissemination and sewage treatment plants. In: Current Research, Technology and education Topics in Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology. Ed. Méndez-Vilas, A. Formatex. pp 509- 519. Kümmerer, K. (2004). Resistance in the environment. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 54, 311-320. Kümmerer, K. (2009a). Antibiotics in the aquatic environment – A review – Part I. Chemosphere, 75, 417–434. Kümmerer, K. (2009b). Antibiotics in the aquatic environment – A review – Part II. Chemosphere, 75, 435–444. Livermore, D. M. & British Soc, A. (2011). Discovery research: the scientific challenge of finding new antibiotic. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 66, 1941-1944. Marecos do Monte, H. & Albuquerque, A. (2010). Reutilização de Águas Residuais. Série Guias Técnicos-14. Eds: Entidade Reguladora dos Serviços de Aguas e Resíduos e Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa. ISBN: 978-989-8360-01-4 Moore, J.E., Moore, P.J.A., Millar, B.C., Goldsmith, C.E., Loughrey, A., Rooney, P.J. & Rao, J.R. (2010). The presence of antibiotic resistant bacteria along the River Lagan. Agricultural Water Management, 98, 217–221. Moura, A., Carolina Pereira, C., Henriques, I. & Correia, A. (2011). Novel gene cassettes and integrons in antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from urban wastewaters. Research in Microbiology, 163, 92-100. NCCLS (2005). Performance standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA, USA, Supplement M100-S15. 5
Oliveira, A.B. & Henriques, M. (2011). Guia dos produtos fitofarmacêuticos. Lista dos produtos com venda autorizada. MADRP. DGADR. Schlüter, A., Heuer, H., Szczepanowski, R., Forney, L.J., Thomas, C.M., Pühler, A. & Top, E.M. (2003). The 64 508 bp IncP-1beta antibiotic multiresistance plasmid pB10 isolated from a waste-water treatment plant provides evidence for recombination between members of different branches of the IncP-1beta group. Microbiology, 149, 3139-3153. Schwartz, T., Kohnen, W., Jansen, B. & Obst, U. (2003). Detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance genes in wastewater, surface water, and drinking water biofilms. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 43, 325-335. Silva, J., Castillo, G., Callejas, L., López, H. & Olmos, J. (2006). Frequency of transferable multiple antibiotic resistance amongst coliform bacteria isolated from a treated sewage effluent in Antofagasta, Chile. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 9, 533- 540. Watkinson, A.J., Murby, E.J., Kolpin, D.W. & Costanzo, S.D. (2009). The occurrence of antibiotics in an urban watershed: from wastewater to drinking water. Science of the Total Environment, 407, 2711-2723. West, B.M., Liggit, P., Clemans, D.L. & Francoeur, S.N. (2010). Antibiotic Resistance, Gene Transfer, and Water Quality Patterns Observed in Waterways near CAFO Farms and Wastewater Treatment Facilities. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 217, 473-489. Xi, C., Zhang, Y., Marrs, C., Ye, W., Simon, C., Forman, B. & Nriagu, J. (2009). Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in drinking water treatment and distribution systems. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75, 5714-5718. 6
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POSTER SW: SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERI
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Presenter: Jose Euclides Paterniani
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1 Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Matsura Department of hydraulic and
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P-2064 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF
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temperature-based (e.g., Thornthwai
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two types of reference surfaces rep
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(d) Baft (c) Bam (b) Kerma n (a) Ji
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Estevez, J., Gavilan, P., & Berenge
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2. Materials and Methods 2.1 The hy
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Ia = n × v ec Equation 3 which: Ia
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5. References ALLEN, R.G.; PEREIRA,
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The density analysis was performed
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Figure1 - Relationship between the
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4 Conclusions • The density obtai
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characteristics resulting from of g
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Table1. Morphological characteristi
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Transpiration of Eucalyptus spp see
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The fertilization growth and harden
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Cool, J. B., Rodrigo, G. N., Garcí
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Abstract Agriculture and water sour
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In 1985 and 1986 hygienic protectio
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spring area. It is also prohibited
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Biological Nitrogen Fixation In Gen
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We used a completely randomized in
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5. References AYERS, R.S.; WESTCOT,
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2 However, the cultures are not alw
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4 TABEL 2: Mean values of radiation
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accumulated ETo (mm dia -1 ) 6 900
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only the expansion of agricultural
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FIGURE 2: Content of chlorophyll a,
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Evapotranspiration and Crop Coeffic
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were respectively applied in the fi
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TABLE 1: Irrigation depth and actua
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NUTRIENT RETENTION IN WETLANDS USIN
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Table 2. Daily affluent concentrati
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IMPORTANCE OF DRY GEAR MASS CULTURE
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mobilizing assimilated exerted by c
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This method consists of covering th
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uncovered ones, that mixed the wate
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coliforms and E-coli that might hav
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WATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION WITH
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in a grinder and passed through a 0
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3.2. Determination of the required
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ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF LAND DEGRADAT
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This methodology consists of a sequ
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FIGURE 5. A - Area of exploitation
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Water technology improvements and t
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The Multiattribute Utility Theory (
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higher demand than those of scenari
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YIELD AND BEAN SIZE OF COFFEA ARABI
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uniformity of flowering. The irriga
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Table 3 - Analysis of variance for
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SUGARCANE FERTIRRIGATED WITH MINERA
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3. Results and Discussion The value
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espectively, compared to that obser
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Optimal Reservoir Operation Model w
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all periods are computed using Eq.
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(a) Calibration (b) Verification Fi
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Characteristics of Heavy Metal Cont
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2. Materials and Method 2.1. Study
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TABLE 2: Devices for collecting of
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Calibration of Hargreaves Equation
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Relative error (RE): Index of agree
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Stochastic modelling of Contaminant
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widely used for various fields such
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show that Extvalue and Logistic dis
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Efficiency of water and energy use
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Pressure: it was obtained by means
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them cover similar percentages. Dur
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Relationship among compaction, mois
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Cylindrical containers (191mm diame
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Figure 9 High compaction. Bulk dens
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Simulation of water flow with root
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water contents were almost greater
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Operation and Energy Optimization M
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Urmia Salt Lake Urmia FIGURE 1: Gha
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changes have been done in system. F
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Application of Surface Cover and So
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significantly lower than those from
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Choi, J. D., (1997). Effect of Rura
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1.1. Scope and aim The growth of th
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Therefore, the remaining works are
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network makes such volumes unaccept
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Reclaimed wastewater reuse has been
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Fig. 2 shows the monitoring results
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3. Conclusions Reclaimed wastewater
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Q P Ia 2 P Ia S for P≥Ia Q 0
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data P (mm), gauged in 130 pluviogr
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TABLE 2: CN emp values obtained for
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References Chapman, T. G. & Maxwell
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This work, after applying Kennessey
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TABLE 2 - Partial runoff coefficien
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Figure 3 also reports a comparison
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2. Material and Methods The experim
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TABLE 2: Summary of variance analys
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BEZERRA, I. L.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNA
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2. Materials and Methods The study
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Figure 3. Hourly values of ET estim
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Ortega-Farias, S.O., Cuenca, R.H.,
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2 Material end methods The wastewat
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Queiroz et al. (2004) and (Fonseca
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Reference list CEREDA, M.P. (2001)
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2. Data and Methods 2.1. Methods Ir
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3. Results The water balance model
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Acknowledgments This work was carri
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and the need to reduce costs, it be
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40 mm 65.30 59.00 8.70 8.10 60 mm 6
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REFERENCES BERTRAND, J. P. et al. L
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The mathematical modeling in the wa
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OD (mg L -1 ) OD obs (mg L -1 ) TAB
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OD (mg L -1 ) DBO (mg L -1 ) 8,00 7
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Effect of Rice Straw Mulch on Runof
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mg/L, 14.6 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, resp
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1 PAPAYA SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION FROM
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3 into an oven with circulating air
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5 14 12 Stem diameter (mm) 10 8 6 4
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7 Root dry matter (g plant -1 ) 8 7
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CAVALCANTE, L. F.; CORDEIRO, J. C.;
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This document was created with Win2
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extractable and non-extractable bou
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MOD-E and MOD-B, and 65.99% and 80.
Page 245 and 246: Houot, S., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud,
Page 247 and 248: measures water content and electric
Page 249 and 250: As observed, increasing the dischar
Page 251 and 252: irrigation: a comparison of point a
Page 253 and 254: field operations (STRECK et al., 20
Page 255 and 256: 3. Results and discussions Table 1
Page 257 and 258: 4. Conclusions It can be concluded
Page 259 and 260: water maintenance. At the same time
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each m
Page 263 and 264: TABLE 5 Correlation analysis of wat
Page 265 and 266: turbulent flow energy produced by w
Page 267 and 268: The numerical model was validated a
Page 269 and 270: 4. Conclusion FIGURE 6: The shape o
Page 271 and 272: 2.1 Case study The Zayandeh-Rud bas
Page 273 and 274: economic factors. In this is a very
Page 275 and 276: FIGURE 1. Location of the Wuliangsu
Page 277 and 278: WT( o C) (a) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5
Page 279 and 280: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
Page 281 and 282: • The effectiveness of the crop c
Page 283 and 284: As evidenced by Rana et al. (2005),
Page 285 and 286: 1.20 1.20 2010 2011 0.90 0.90 K c 0
Page 287 and 288: elationships. There is forest area,
Page 289 and 290: B = ( c − a) A − ( c − d) c
Page 291 and 292: References Choi, W.-J., Lee, S.-M.,
Page 293 and 294: of faecal bacteria (Kummerer, 2004;
Page 295: FIGURE 1 - Project tasks and links
Page 299 and 300: 1 Introduction To irrigate is to su
Page 301 and 302: the inverter that provides a refere
Page 303 and 304: OLIVEIRA FILHO, D. ; SAMPAIO, R. P.
Page 305 and 306: 1.1 Description of the Study Area T
Page 307 and 308: Refrences: Bruce J.P. (1994). Natur
Page 309 and 310: RE because it has the advantages ov
Page 311 and 312: with L 1 2 com obs J ( k ) = ∑{ f
Page 313 and 314: Relative hydraulic conductivity r 1
Page 315 and 316: surfaces requires information on th
Page 317 and 318: climate. Therefore a special coeffi
Page 319 and 320: FIGURE 2: The relation between K pa
Page 321 and 322: Coagulation using Moringa oleifera
Page 323 and 324: After the assembly of the experimen
Page 325 and 326: For the positive control test, the
Page 327 and 328: MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF PRINCIP
Page 329 and 330: The multiple regression equations w
Page 331 and 332: Table 3 - Regression models that be
Page 333 and 334: Is Imaging Analysis Quantifying the
Page 335 and 336: of the computer. All additional ima
Page 337 and 338: The final enhanced images were segm
Page 339 and 340: image analysis is well suited and f
Page 341 and 342: EVALUATION OF CROP CANOPY EFFECT ON
Page 343 and 344: ∂e ∂e ∂e + u + v ∂t ∂x
Page 345 and 346: 4. Results and discussion 4.1. Spat
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Benchmarking of Irrigated Agricultu
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Indicators can be thought of as sta
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total area is about 13,700 km2. The
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