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3.2. Variability of parameters The spatial distribution of the overall means of measured parameters is shown in Fig. 4. The greatest values for temperature, electrical conductivity, pH and dissolved organics was measured in the south of the lake in agreement with the direction of the water flow, from northeast to southwest. Totals of N and P were higher near the entrance of the channels which discharge into the WL (Fig 4.). COD and Chl.a are very consistent in this spatial distribution, thus revealing the discharge of wastewater into the WL. Nitrogen and P consumption by reed which covers about 15% of the lake might explain the decrease in the concentrations along the flow. 4. Conclusions The main factors influencing temporal variations in water quality seem to be agricultural losses of nutrients as well as wastewater discharge into the channels which lead into the WL. Winter seems to be the season where the water has a greater load of nutrients and evaporation during summer may influence parameters concentration. The direction of water flow and the position of channels in and out of the WL also influenced the concentration of parameters concentration in the water. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the lake research team in Inner Mongolia Agricultural University for their persistent efforts in collecting/measuring the data in this study. The study is supported by the Sino-Portuguese cooperative research project, MOST, China, and FCT, Portugal . Reference list Ma, J. & Li, H. (2002). Preliminary discussion on eutrophication status of lakes, reservoirs and rivers in China and overseas. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin 6, 575-578 (in Chinese). Yang, L. & Liu, Y. (2002). Discussion on water resources utilization in Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Proceedings of agricultural engineering science and technology, 128-130. Liu, Z. (2004). Research about estimation the input to the lake Wuliangsuhai from farmland surface pollution. Inner Mongolia university Master Degree Thesis, 14-33 (in Chinese). Wan, F. (2009). Study on Ecological Water Supplement of Wu Liang Su Lake. Xi'an University of Technology Master Degree Thesis, 10-41 (in Chinese). Liu, W., Gao, C., Liu B. & Chen, Y. (2010). Hydro-chemical constituents and correlation analysis of shallow groundwater in the Hetao Plain. Geology in China 37, 816-823 (in Chinese). Qu, Z.Y., Chen, Y.X., Shi, H.B., Wei, Z.M., Li, Y.L. & Zhang, Y.Q. (2003). Regional groundwater depth forecast by BP model of post-water-saving reconstruction in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia. Trans. CSAE 19 (1), 59–62 (in Chinese). Xu X, Huang GH, Qu ZY & Pereira LS (2010) Assessing the groundwater dynamics and predicting impacts of water saving in the Hetao Irrigation District, Yellow River basin. Agric. Water Manage 98, 301-313
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) FIGURE 4. Spatial distribution of water quality for (a) WT, (b) TN, (c) TP, (d) COD, (e) Chl.a, (f) SS, (g) EC, (h) pH and (i) DO (for key to parameters see fig. 3 legend)
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POSTER SW: SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERI
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Presenter: Jose Euclides Paterniani
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1 Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Matsura Department of hydraulic and
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P-2064 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF
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temperature-based (e.g., Thornthwai
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two types of reference surfaces rep
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(d) Baft (c) Bam (b) Kerma n (a) Ji
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Estevez, J., Gavilan, P., & Berenge
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2. Materials and Methods 2.1 The hy
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Ia = n × v ec Equation 3 which: Ia
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5. References ALLEN, R.G.; PEREIRA,
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The density analysis was performed
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Figure1 - Relationship between the
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4 Conclusions • The density obtai
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characteristics resulting from of g
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Table1. Morphological characteristi
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Transpiration of Eucalyptus spp see
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The fertilization growth and harden
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Cool, J. B., Rodrigo, G. N., Garcí
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Abstract Agriculture and water sour
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In 1985 and 1986 hygienic protectio
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spring area. It is also prohibited
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Biological Nitrogen Fixation In Gen
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We used a completely randomized in
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5. References AYERS, R.S.; WESTCOT,
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2 However, the cultures are not alw
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4 TABEL 2: Mean values of radiation
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accumulated ETo (mm dia -1 ) 6 900
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only the expansion of agricultural
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FIGURE 2: Content of chlorophyll a,
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Evapotranspiration and Crop Coeffic
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were respectively applied in the fi
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TABLE 1: Irrigation depth and actua
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NUTRIENT RETENTION IN WETLANDS USIN
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Table 2. Daily affluent concentrati
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IMPORTANCE OF DRY GEAR MASS CULTURE
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mobilizing assimilated exerted by c
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This method consists of covering th
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uncovered ones, that mixed the wate
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coliforms and E-coli that might hav
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WATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION WITH
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in a grinder and passed through a 0
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3.2. Determination of the required
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ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF LAND DEGRADAT
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This methodology consists of a sequ
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FIGURE 5. A - Area of exploitation
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Water technology improvements and t
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The Multiattribute Utility Theory (
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higher demand than those of scenari
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YIELD AND BEAN SIZE OF COFFEA ARABI
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uniformity of flowering. The irriga
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Table 3 - Analysis of variance for
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SUGARCANE FERTIRRIGATED WITH MINERA
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3. Results and Discussion The value
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espectively, compared to that obser
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Optimal Reservoir Operation Model w
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all periods are computed using Eq.
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(a) Calibration (b) Verification Fi
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Characteristics of Heavy Metal Cont
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2. Materials and Method 2.1. Study
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TABLE 2: Devices for collecting of
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Calibration of Hargreaves Equation
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Relative error (RE): Index of agree
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Stochastic modelling of Contaminant
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widely used for various fields such
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show that Extvalue and Logistic dis
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Efficiency of water and energy use
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Pressure: it was obtained by means
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them cover similar percentages. Dur
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Relationship among compaction, mois
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Cylindrical containers (191mm diame
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Figure 9 High compaction. Bulk dens
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Simulation of water flow with root
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water contents were almost greater
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Operation and Energy Optimization M
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Urmia Salt Lake Urmia FIGURE 1: Gha
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changes have been done in system. F
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Application of Surface Cover and So
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significantly lower than those from
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Choi, J. D., (1997). Effect of Rura
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1.1. Scope and aim The growth of th
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Therefore, the remaining works are
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network makes such volumes unaccept
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Reclaimed wastewater reuse has been
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Fig. 2 shows the monitoring results
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3. Conclusions Reclaimed wastewater
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Q P Ia 2 P Ia S for P≥Ia Q 0
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data P (mm), gauged in 130 pluviogr
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TABLE 2: CN emp values obtained for
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References Chapman, T. G. & Maxwell
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This work, after applying Kennessey
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TABLE 2 - Partial runoff coefficien
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Figure 3 also reports a comparison
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2. Material and Methods The experim
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TABLE 2: Summary of variance analys
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BEZERRA, I. L.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNA
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2. Materials and Methods The study
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Figure 3. Hourly values of ET estim
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Ortega-Farias, S.O., Cuenca, R.H.,
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2 Material end methods The wastewat
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Queiroz et al. (2004) and (Fonseca
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Reference list CEREDA, M.P. (2001)
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2. Data and Methods 2.1. Methods Ir
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3. Results The water balance model
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Acknowledgments This work was carri
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and the need to reduce costs, it be
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40 mm 65.30 59.00 8.70 8.10 60 mm 6
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REFERENCES BERTRAND, J. P. et al. L
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The mathematical modeling in the wa
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OD (mg L -1 ) OD obs (mg L -1 ) TAB
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OD (mg L -1 ) DBO (mg L -1 ) 8,00 7
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Effect of Rice Straw Mulch on Runof
Page 227 and 228: mg/L, 14.6 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, resp
Page 229 and 230: 1 PAPAYA SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION FROM
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Page 233 and 234: 5 14 12 Stem diameter (mm) 10 8 6 4
Page 235 and 236: 7 Root dry matter (g plant -1 ) 8 7
Page 237 and 238: CAVALCANTE, L. F.; CORDEIRO, J. C.;
Page 239 and 240: This document was created with Win2
Page 241 and 242: extractable and non-extractable bou
Page 243 and 244: MOD-E and MOD-B, and 65.99% and 80.
Page 245 and 246: Houot, S., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud,
Page 247 and 248: measures water content and electric
Page 249 and 250: As observed, increasing the dischar
Page 251 and 252: irrigation: a comparison of point a
Page 253 and 254: field operations (STRECK et al., 20
Page 255 and 256: 3. Results and discussions Table 1
Page 257 and 258: 4. Conclusions It can be concluded
Page 259 and 260: water maintenance. At the same time
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each m
Page 263 and 264: TABLE 5 Correlation analysis of wat
Page 265 and 266: turbulent flow energy produced by w
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Page 269 and 270: 4. Conclusion FIGURE 6: The shape o
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Page 273 and 274: economic factors. In this is a very
Page 275 and 276: FIGURE 1. Location of the Wuliangsu
Page 277: WT( o C) (a) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5
Page 281 and 282: • The effectiveness of the crop c
Page 283 and 284: As evidenced by Rana et al. (2005),
Page 285 and 286: 1.20 1.20 2010 2011 0.90 0.90 K c 0
Page 287 and 288: elationships. There is forest area,
Page 289 and 290: B = ( c − a) A − ( c − d) c
Page 291 and 292: References Choi, W.-J., Lee, S.-M.,
Page 293 and 294: of faecal bacteria (Kummerer, 2004;
Page 295 and 296: FIGURE 1 - Project tasks and links
Page 297 and 298: Oliveira, A.B. & Henriques, M. (201
Page 299 and 300: 1 Introduction To irrigate is to su
Page 301 and 302: the inverter that provides a refere
Page 303 and 304: OLIVEIRA FILHO, D. ; SAMPAIO, R. P.
Page 305 and 306: 1.1 Description of the Study Area T
Page 307 and 308: Refrences: Bruce J.P. (1994). Natur
Page 309 and 310: RE because it has the advantages ov
Page 311 and 312: with L 1 2 com obs J ( k ) = ∑{ f
Page 313 and 314: Relative hydraulic conductivity r 1
Page 315 and 316: surfaces requires information on th
Page 317 and 318: climate. Therefore a special coeffi
Page 319 and 320: FIGURE 2: The relation between K pa
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The multiple regression equations w
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Table 3 - Regression models that be
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Is Imaging Analysis Quantifying the
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of the computer. All additional ima
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The final enhanced images were segm
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image analysis is well suited and f
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EVALUATION OF CROP CANOPY EFFECT ON
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∂e ∂e ∂e + u + v ∂t ∂x
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4. Results and discussion 4.1. Spat
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Benchmarking of Irrigated Agricultu
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Indicators can be thought of as sta
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total area is about 13,700 km2. The
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