poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering
poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering
394 m. The Hai reservoir can store 2,594×10 3 tons of water. The design frequency of droughts is 10 years, and the flood frequency is 200 years. The Bonghyun reservoir (Standard code, 4882010045) is also located in Hai-myeon but was completed in 1998. It is also managed and operated by the Goseong and Geoje offices of the Korean Rural Corporation. This reservoir is also a fill dam, as the Hai reservoir. The Bonghyun reservoir is 90,823 m 3 in volume, is more than 28.4 m tall and has a length that just reaches 246 m. The Bonghyun reservoir can store 910×10 3 tons of water, its design frequency of drought is 10 years, and its flood frequency is 200 years. 2.4 River Survey The standard stations and periods were determined after considering the conditions that affected the changes in flow. Five stations were downstream: 750 m, 1,260 m, 1,730 m, 4,190 m, and 5,500 m from the Bonghyeon reservoir. Three stations were downstream: 30 m, 2,000 m, and 2,810 m from the Hai reservoir. A total of eight stations were selected to measure time-flow. The period under study was selected to compare with the irrigation periods and the non-irrigation periods from March through September, 2011. Stream monitoring was conducted regularly at the end of every month. 2.5 Statistical Analysis Method of River Water Quality Data In this study, the water quality data at each station were statistically analyzed using the partial correlation coefficients. The control variable was the flow. The water quality factor was the independent variable. The commonly used Pearson's correlation coefficient r was the correlation coefficient of the two variables X and Y. The values for each case (x 1 , y 1 ), (x 2 , y 2 ), ..., (x n , y n ) when the following equation (1) was calculated was: : − = ∑( − ̅)( − ) , − 1 ∶ h = ∑( − ̅) , − 1 ∶ h = ∑( − ) r = × (1) − 1 Ⅲ. Results and Discussion 3.1 Analysis of the Reservoir and River From March to September, 2011 a total of seven field surveys were conducted to measure the water levels of the observed stream stations. The flow was calculated by measuring the flow speed of a cross-sectional area of stream. The changes in stream flow were analyzed according to five days of antecedent precipitation. According to TABLE 1, the low outflows of reservoir and rainfall were dry at all times from March to May. On June 29th, a large amount of antecedent precipitation was expected to create a large river flow. However, a stream flow did not occur downstream of the Hai reservoir. Also, the majority of the stations at Bonghyeon stream had little stagnant or no amount of water. It was presumed that the ground surface was dry before the start of rainfall. Relatively, the many outflows from the reservoir and rainfall had a flow of a fixed quantity from July to September. In TABLE 2, the average flow of each station from May to September during the irrigation periods is relatively larger than the average flow of each station from March to April during the non-irrigation periods. The flows of each station are shown to have a small difference, but the irrigation periods and the non-irrigation periods are shown to have large differences in flow. 3
TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each monitoring section with 5 days antecedent precipitation and reservoir storage (2011) Date Antecedent precipitation (mm) Storage in Hai reservoir (%) Seokji Stream 530 m stream discharge (m 3 /s) 2,000 m 2,810 m Storage in Bonghyeon reservoir (%) 750 m Bonghyeon Stream 1,260 m stream discharge (m 3 /s) 03/26 0.3 90 0.00 0.00 0.00 92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 04/29 8.5 98 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 05/28 25.5 93 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 06/29 150.5 85 0.21 0.00 0.00 100 0.14 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.36 07/28 45.5 99 1.11 0.80 3.47 94 0.05 0.26 0.71 0.29 1.03 08/29 14.1 89 0.00 0.00 0.00 94 0.00 0.14 0.24 0.00 0.07 09/26 0.0 58 0.13 0.00 0.00 63 0.00 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.08 1,730 m 4,190 m 5,500 m TABLE 2 Stream discharge for irrigation and non-irrigation periods (2011) Period Discharge of Seokji stream (m 3 /s) Discharge of Bonghyeon stream (m 3 /s) Average discharge (m 3 /s) 530 m 2,000 m 2,810 m 750 m 1,260 m 1,730 m 4,190 m 5,500 m Non-irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Irrigation 0.29 0.16 0.69 0.04 0.10 0.26 0.06 0.31 0.24 During the actual field survey, some sections appeared to have a flow reduction due to the impact around the station from kiwi-fruit orchards, mills, and barns. At the Seokji stream, despite the rainy season in July, the flow appeared to have a significant decrease at the point of 2,000 m. This phenomenon was estimated to be from the result of the impact of plentiful grass, as well as the presence of beams and kiwi-fruit orchards located from the reservoir downstream. At the Bonghyeon stream, the flow appeared to have a significant decrease at the point of 4,000 m. This was estimated to be due to the pumping of water from the kiwi-fruit orchards to be used as irrigation water. The flow increases at several junctions of the stream was determined to be affected from the effluent coming from the inlets and drainage areas of Seokji stream. 3.2 Analysis of the Reservoir and River Water Quality Using a portable water quality measuring device, the pH of the agricultural reservoirs and the rivers was measured a total of seven times to investigate the changes in water quality. The National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management (NICEM) at Seoul National University was asked to analyze the following seven items of water quality: BOD, COD, TOC, SS, Turbidity, T-P, and T-N. The results in TALBE 3 show the analyses of each water quality item according to the survey period of watershed study. July was the only month in which the water samples were able to be collected. In all the other months, it was difficult to measure the water quality and flow due to the streams being dry. TABLE 3 Water quality analysis of Seokji stream and Hai reservoir 03/26 04/29 05/28 Hai pH BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/L) TOC (mg/L) SS (mg/L) Turbidity (NTU) T-P (mg/L) T-N (mg/L) Reservoir 7.54 0.27 2.80 1.74 0.0 0.42 0.003 0.412 530 m 7.80 0.99 1.36 1.84 0.0 0.41 0.007 0.247 Reservoir 7.22 1.25 1.46 2.74 2.0 1.68 0.020 0.659 530 m 7.19 0.52 1.84 1.90 2.0 0.79 0.009 0.576 Reservoir 7.06 0.24 1.16 2.12 16.0 0.32 0.022 0.000 530 m 6.79 0.78 2.78 3.48 12.0 1.11 0.193 0.000 06/29 Reservoir 7.06 1.73 2.82 2.34 11.0 1.63 0.055 0.817 Reservoir 7.02 1.77 2.02 2.06 8.0 0.98 0.021 0.577 07/28 530 m 7.12 1.17 1.60 1.75 8.0 0.25 0.080 0.796 2,000 m 7.10 1.45 1.46 1.53 4.0 0.55 0.017 0.851 2,810 m 7.08 0.85 1.60 1.36 3.0 0.33 0.028 1.510 08/29 Reservoir 6.72 0.66 2.18 1.90 3.0 0.96 0.020 0.577 530 m 7.05 0.81 1.26 1.28 4.0 0.46 0.010 0.412 09/26 Reservoir 7.13 1.13 1.26 1.730 6.0 1.30 0.031 1.098 530 m 7.35 0.23 0.72 1.070 0.0 0.32 0.029 0.000 4
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TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each monitoring section with 5 days antecedent precipitation and reservoir storage (2011)<br />
Date<br />
Antecedent<br />
precipitation<br />
(mm)<br />
Storage in<br />
Hai<br />
reservoir<br />
(%)<br />
Seokji Stream<br />
530 m<br />
stream discharge<br />
(m 3 /s)<br />
2,000<br />
m<br />
2,810<br />
m<br />
Storage in<br />
Bonghyeon<br />
reservoir<br />
(%)<br />
750 m<br />
Bonghyeon Stream<br />
1,260<br />
m<br />
stream discharge<br />
(m 3 /s)<br />
03/26 0.3 90 0.00 0.00 0.00 92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />
04/29 8.5 98 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />
05/28 25.5 93 0.00 0.00 0.00 100 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />
06/29 150.5 85 0.21 0.00 0.00 100 0.14 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.36<br />
07/28 45.5 99 1.11 0.80 3.47 94 0.05 0.26 0.71 0.29 1.03<br />
08/29 14.1 89 0.00 0.00 0.00 94 0.00 0.14 0.24 0.00 0.07<br />
09/26 0.0 58 0.13 0.00 0.00 63 0.00 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.08<br />
1,730<br />
m<br />
4,190<br />
m<br />
5,500 m<br />
TABLE 2 Stream discharge for irrigation and non-irrigation periods (2011)<br />
Period<br />
Discharge <strong>of</strong> Seokji stream (m 3 /s) Discharge <strong>of</strong> Bonghyeon stream (m 3 /s) Average discharge<br />
(m 3 /s)<br />
530 m 2,000 m 2,810 m 750 m 1,260 m 1,730 m 4,190 m 5,500 m<br />
Non-irrigation 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00<br />
Irrigation 0.29 0.16 0.69 0.04 0.10 0.26 0.06 0.31 0.24<br />
During the actual field survey, some sections appeared to have a flow reduction due to the<br />
impact around the station from kiwi-fruit orchards, mills, and barns. At the Seokji stream,<br />
despite the rainy season in July, the flow appeared to have a significant decrease at the point<br />
<strong>of</strong> 2,000 m. This phenomenon was estimated to be from the result <strong>of</strong> the impact <strong>of</strong> plentiful<br />
grass, as well as the presence <strong>of</strong> beams and kiwi-fruit orchards located from the reservoir<br />
downstream. At the Bonghyeon stream, the flow appeared to have a significant decrease at<br />
the point <strong>of</strong> 4,000 m. This was estimated to be due to the pumping <strong>of</strong> water from the kiwi-fruit<br />
orchards to be used as irrigation water. The flow increases at several junctions <strong>of</strong> the stream<br />
was determined to be affected from the effluent coming from the inlets and drainage areas <strong>of</strong><br />
Seokji stream.<br />
3.2 Analysis <strong>of</strong> the Reservoir and River Water Quality<br />
Using a portable water quality measuring device, the pH <strong>of</strong> the agricultural reservoirs and<br />
the rivers was measured a total <strong>of</strong> seven times to investigate the changes in water quality.<br />
The National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management (NICEM) at Seoul<br />
National University was asked to analyze the following seven items <strong>of</strong> water quality: BOD,<br />
COD, TOC, SS, Turbidity, T-P, and T-N. The results in TALBE 3 show the analyses <strong>of</strong> each<br />
water quality item according to the survey period <strong>of</strong> watershed study. July was the only<br />
month in which the water samples were able to be collected. In all the other months, it was<br />
difficult to measure the water quality and flow due to the streams being dry.<br />
TABLE 3 Water quality analysis <strong>of</strong> Seokji stream and Hai reservoir<br />
03/26<br />
04/29<br />
05/28<br />
Hai pH BOD (mg/L) COD (mg/L) TOC (mg/L) SS (mg/L) Turbidity (NTU) T-P (mg/L) T-N (mg/L)<br />
Reservoir 7.54 0.27 2.80 1.74 0.0 0.42 0.003 0.412<br />
530 m 7.80 0.99 1.36 1.84 0.0 0.41 0.007 0.247<br />
Reservoir 7.22 1.25 1.46 2.74 2.0 1.68 0.020 0.659<br />
530 m 7.19 0.52 1.84 1.90 2.0 0.79 0.009 0.576<br />
Reservoir 7.06 0.24 1.16 2.12 16.0 0.32 0.022 0.000<br />
530 m 6.79 0.78 2.78 3.48 12.0 1.11 0.193 0.000<br />
06/29 Reservoir 7.06 1.73 2.82 2.34 11.0 1.63 0.055 0.817<br />
Reservoir 7.02 1.77 2.02 2.06 8.0 0.98 0.021 0.577<br />
07/28<br />
530 m 7.12 1.17 1.60 1.75 8.0 0.25 0.080 0.796<br />
2,000 m 7.10 1.45 1.46 1.53 4.0 0.55 0.017 0.851<br />
2,810 m 7.08 0.85 1.60 1.36 3.0 0.33 0.028 1.510<br />
08/29<br />
Reservoir 6.72 0.66 2.18 1.90 3.0 0.96 0.020 0.577<br />
530 m 7.05 0.81 1.26 1.28 4.0 0.46 0.010 0.412<br />
09/26<br />
Reservoir 7.13 1.13 1.26 1.730 6.0 1.30 0.031 1.098<br />
530 m 7.35 0.23 0.72 1.070 0.0 0.32 0.029 0.000<br />
4
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