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addition of TOC to soil (Table 1). Fenlon et al. (2011) pointed out that the organic matter or clay induces the formation of bound residues, providing less mobility of the pesticide. According to Muller et al. (2007) and Fenoll et al. (2011), the formation of bound residues or dissipation of pesticides occurs due to microbial activity enhanced by the application of organic waste. Furthermore, one can not rule out the possibility of remobilization of bound residues to the form of extractable or desorption residues, because irrigation with effluent introduces many organic and inorganic compounds into the soil, which change the chemical characteristics and increase organic matter content, inducing the release of bound residues (Muller et al., 2007). 4. Conclusion Dissolved organic matter did not show desorption residues, only extractable residues, predominantly in acetonitrile:water, which was the solvent that most extracted residues from treatments with total organic matter and Control. MOD-B is the treatment that least contributed to the process of soil contamination, however, it has lower efficiency from an agricultural perspective, due to high leaching. Moreover, from a toxicological point of view, MOT-B causes less damage to soil biota, due to its higher bound residue formation and dissipation of alachlor. 5. References American Public Health Association – APHA; AWWA, WEF. (1998). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. (20 ed). Washington: American Public Health Association. 1193 p. Andrea, M. M. Formação e biodisponibilidade de resíduos ligados de [ 14 C]-lindano e [ 14 C]- paration em dois solos brasileiros. 1992. 130 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo. Barriuso, E., Benoit, P., Dubus, I. G. (2008). Formation of pesticide nonextractable (Bound) residues in soil: Magnitude, controlling factors and reversibility. Environmental Science & Technology, 42, 6, 1845-1854. Bouchonnet, S., Kinani, S., Souissi, Y., Bourcier, S., Sablier, M., Roche, P., Boireau, V., Ingrand, V. (2011). Investigation of the dissociation pathways of metolachlor, acetochlor and alachlor under electron ionization – application to the identification of ozonation products. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 25, 1, 93–103. Cheng, X., Shi, H., Adams, C. D., Timmons, T., Ma, Y. (2010). Simultaneous screening of herbicide degradation byproducts in water treatment plants using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemestry, 58, 8, 4588–4593. Costa, L. L. F., Sant`Ana, E. S., Suchara, E. A., Benato, V. S., Carasek, E. (2008). Determinação de herbicidas usados no cultivo de arroz irrigado na região sul do estado de Santa Catarina através da SPME-GC-ECD. Química Nova, 31, 1, 79-83. Cox, L., Cecchi, A., Celis, R., Hermosi, N, M. C., Koskinen, W. C., Cornejo, J. (2001). Effect of exogenous carbon on movement of simazine and 2,4-D in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 65, 6, 1688-1695. Doyle, R. C., Kaufmann, D. D., Burt, G. W. (1978). Effect of dairy manure and sewage on 14C-pesticide degradation in soil. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemestry, 26, 4, 987– 989. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA. (2006). Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solo. (2. ed.) Rio de Janeiro, 306 p. Fenlon, K. A., Andreou, K., Jones, K. C., Semple, K. T. (2011). The extractability and mineralisation of cypermethrin aged in four UK soils. Chemosphere, 82, 2, 187–192. Fenoll, J., Ruiz, E., Flores, P., Vela, N., Hellín, P., Navarro, S. (2011). Use of farming and agro-industrial wastes as versatile barriers in reducing pesticide leaching through soil columns. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 187, 1-3, 206-212. Gustafson, D. I. (1989). Groundwater ubiquity score: a simple method for assessing pesticide leachibility. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 8, 4, 339-357.
Houot, S., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud, V. (1998). Modification to atrazine degradation pathways in loamy soil after addition of organic amendments. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 30, 4, 2147-2157. Inoue, M.H., Oliveira Jr., R.S., Regitano, J.B., Tormena, C.A., Tornisielo, V.L., Constantin, J. (2003). Critérios para avaliação do potencial de lixiviação dos herbicidas comercializados no Estado do Paraná. Planta Daninha, 21, 2, 313-323. Lavorenti, A., Peixoto, M. de F da S. P., Barauel, P., Wais, A., Führ, F. (1997). Comparação entre hidróxido de sódio e pirofosfato de sódio na extração e distribuição do resíduo ligado de 14 C-atrazina, nas frações húmicas de dois solos. Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente, 7, 77-88. Lavorenti, A., Burauel, P., Wais, A., Führ, F. (1998). Remobilization of residues in fulvic acids. Revista de Ecotoxicologia e Meio Ambiente, 8, 33-44. Lerch, T. Z., Dignac, M. F., Nunan, N., Barriuso, E., Mariotti, A. (2009). Ageing processes and soil microbial community effects on the biodegradation of soil 13C-2,4-D non extractable residues. Environmental Pollution, 157, 11, 2985-2993. Majumdar, K., Sing, N. (2007). Effect of soil amendments on sorption and mobility of metribuzin in soils. Chemosphere. 66, 4, 630-637. Muller, K., Megasan, G. N., Bolan, N. S. (2007). A critical review of the influence of effluent irrigation on the fate of pesticides in soil. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 120, 2-4, 93-116. Oliveira, R. A., Campelo, P. L. G., Matos, A. T., Matinez, M. A., Cecon, P. R. (2000). Influência da aplicação de águas residuárias de suinocultura na capacidade de infiltração de um solo podzólico vermelho-amarelo. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 4, n. 2, 263-267. Printz, H., Burauel, P., Fuhr, F. (1995). Effect of organic amendment on degradation and formation of bound residues of Methabenzthiazuron in soil under constant climatic conditions. Journal of Environmental Science and Health – part B, 30, 4, 435–456. Silva, M. P. da, Vieira, E. M. (2009). Degradation of alachlor herbicide by gamma radiation from cobalt-60 in aqueous and alcohol solution. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 281, 3, 323-327. Sopeña, F., Maqueda, C., Morillo, E. (2009). Formulation affecting alachlor efficacy and persistence in sandy soils. Pest Management Science, 65, 7, 761-768. Stoddard, C. S., Grove, J. H., Coyne, M. S., Thom, W. O. (2005). Fertilizer, tillage, and dairy manure contributions to nitrate and herbicide leaching. Journal of Environmental Quality, 34, 4, 1354–1362. Zhaohai, S., Li, M., Qiming, X., Yijun Y., Hui, L., Hongxia, Y. (2008). Effects of dissolved organic matter from sewage sludge on sorption of tetrabromobisphenol A by soils. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 20, 9, 1075-1081.
Page 1 and 2:
POSTER SW: SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERI
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Presenter: Jose Euclides Paterniani
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1 Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Matsura Department of hydraulic and
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P-2064 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF
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temperature-based (e.g., Thornthwai
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two types of reference surfaces rep
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(d) Baft (c) Bam (b) Kerma n (a) Ji
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Estevez, J., Gavilan, P., & Berenge
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2. Materials and Methods 2.1 The hy
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Ia = n × v ec Equation 3 which: Ia
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5. References ALLEN, R.G.; PEREIRA,
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The density analysis was performed
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Figure1 - Relationship between the
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4 Conclusions • The density obtai
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characteristics resulting from of g
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Table1. Morphological characteristi
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Transpiration of Eucalyptus spp see
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The fertilization growth and harden
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Cool, J. B., Rodrigo, G. N., Garcí
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Abstract Agriculture and water sour
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In 1985 and 1986 hygienic protectio
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spring area. It is also prohibited
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Biological Nitrogen Fixation In Gen
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We used a completely randomized in
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5. References AYERS, R.S.; WESTCOT,
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2 However, the cultures are not alw
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4 TABEL 2: Mean values of radiation
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accumulated ETo (mm dia -1 ) 6 900
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only the expansion of agricultural
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FIGURE 2: Content of chlorophyll a,
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Evapotranspiration and Crop Coeffic
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were respectively applied in the fi
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TABLE 1: Irrigation depth and actua
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NUTRIENT RETENTION IN WETLANDS USIN
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Table 2. Daily affluent concentrati
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IMPORTANCE OF DRY GEAR MASS CULTURE
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mobilizing assimilated exerted by c
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This method consists of covering th
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uncovered ones, that mixed the wate
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coliforms and E-coli that might hav
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WATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION WITH
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in a grinder and passed through a 0
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3.2. Determination of the required
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ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF LAND DEGRADAT
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This methodology consists of a sequ
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FIGURE 5. A - Area of exploitation
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Water technology improvements and t
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The Multiattribute Utility Theory (
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higher demand than those of scenari
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YIELD AND BEAN SIZE OF COFFEA ARABI
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uniformity of flowering. The irriga
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Table 3 - Analysis of variance for
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SUGARCANE FERTIRRIGATED WITH MINERA
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3. Results and Discussion The value
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espectively, compared to that obser
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Optimal Reservoir Operation Model w
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all periods are computed using Eq.
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(a) Calibration (b) Verification Fi
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Characteristics of Heavy Metal Cont
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2. Materials and Method 2.1. Study
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TABLE 2: Devices for collecting of
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Calibration of Hargreaves Equation
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Relative error (RE): Index of agree
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Stochastic modelling of Contaminant
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widely used for various fields such
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show that Extvalue and Logistic dis
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Efficiency of water and energy use
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Pressure: it was obtained by means
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them cover similar percentages. Dur
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Relationship among compaction, mois
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Cylindrical containers (191mm diame
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Figure 9 High compaction. Bulk dens
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Simulation of water flow with root
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water contents were almost greater
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Operation and Energy Optimization M
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Urmia Salt Lake Urmia FIGURE 1: Gha
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changes have been done in system. F
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Application of Surface Cover and So
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significantly lower than those from
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Choi, J. D., (1997). Effect of Rura
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1.1. Scope and aim The growth of th
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Therefore, the remaining works are
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network makes such volumes unaccept
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Reclaimed wastewater reuse has been
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Fig. 2 shows the monitoring results
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3. Conclusions Reclaimed wastewater
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Q P Ia 2 P Ia S for P≥Ia Q 0
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data P (mm), gauged in 130 pluviogr
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TABLE 2: CN emp values obtained for
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References Chapman, T. G. & Maxwell
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This work, after applying Kennessey
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TABLE 2 - Partial runoff coefficien
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Figure 3 also reports a comparison
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2. Material and Methods The experim
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TABLE 2: Summary of variance analys
Page 193 and 194: BEZERRA, I. L.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNA
Page 195 and 196: 2. Materials and Methods The study
Page 197 and 198: Figure 3. Hourly values of ET estim
Page 199 and 200: Ortega-Farias, S.O., Cuenca, R.H.,
Page 201 and 202: 2 Material end methods The wastewat
Page 203 and 204: Queiroz et al. (2004) and (Fonseca
Page 205 and 206: Reference list CEREDA, M.P. (2001)
Page 207 and 208: 2. Data and Methods 2.1. Methods Ir
Page 209 and 210: 3. Results The water balance model
Page 211 and 212: Acknowledgments This work was carri
Page 213 and 214: and the need to reduce costs, it be
Page 215 and 216: 40 mm 65.30 59.00 8.70 8.10 60 mm 6
Page 217 and 218: REFERENCES BERTRAND, J. P. et al. L
Page 219 and 220: The mathematical modeling in the wa
Page 221 and 222: OD (mg L -1 ) OD obs (mg L -1 ) TAB
Page 223 and 224: OD (mg L -1 ) DBO (mg L -1 ) 8,00 7
Page 225 and 226: Effect of Rice Straw Mulch on Runof
Page 227 and 228: mg/L, 14.6 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, resp
Page 229 and 230: 1 PAPAYA SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION FROM
Page 231 and 232: 3 into an oven with circulating air
Page 233 and 234: 5 14 12 Stem diameter (mm) 10 8 6 4
Page 235 and 236: 7 Root dry matter (g plant -1 ) 8 7
Page 237 and 238: CAVALCANTE, L. F.; CORDEIRO, J. C.;
Page 239 and 240: This document was created with Win2
Page 241 and 242: extractable and non-extractable bou
Page 243: MOD-E and MOD-B, and 65.99% and 80.
Page 247 and 248: measures water content and electric
Page 249 and 250: As observed, increasing the dischar
Page 251 and 252: irrigation: a comparison of point a
Page 253 and 254: field operations (STRECK et al., 20
Page 255 and 256: 3. Results and discussions Table 1
Page 257 and 258: 4. Conclusions It can be concluded
Page 259 and 260: water maintenance. At the same time
Page 261 and 262: TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each m
Page 263 and 264: TABLE 5 Correlation analysis of wat
Page 265 and 266: turbulent flow energy produced by w
Page 267 and 268: The numerical model was validated a
Page 269 and 270: 4. Conclusion FIGURE 6: The shape o
Page 271 and 272: 2.1 Case study The Zayandeh-Rud bas
Page 273 and 274: economic factors. In this is a very
Page 275 and 276: FIGURE 1. Location of the Wuliangsu
Page 277 and 278: WT( o C) (a) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5
Page 279 and 280: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
Page 281 and 282: • The effectiveness of the crop c
Page 283 and 284: As evidenced by Rana et al. (2005),
Page 285 and 286: 1.20 1.20 2010 2011 0.90 0.90 K c 0
Page 287 and 288: elationships. There is forest area,
Page 289 and 290: B = ( c − a) A − ( c − d) c
Page 291 and 292: References Choi, W.-J., Lee, S.-M.,
Page 293 and 294: of faecal bacteria (Kummerer, 2004;
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FIGURE 1 - Project tasks and links
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Oliveira, A.B. & Henriques, M. (201
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1 Introduction To irrigate is to su
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the inverter that provides a refere
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OLIVEIRA FILHO, D. ; SAMPAIO, R. P.
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1.1 Description of the Study Area T
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Refrences: Bruce J.P. (1994). Natur
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RE because it has the advantages ov
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with L 1 2 com obs J ( k ) = ∑{ f
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Relative hydraulic conductivity r 1
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surfaces requires information on th
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climate. Therefore a special coeffi
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FIGURE 2: The relation between K pa
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Coagulation using Moringa oleifera
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After the assembly of the experimen
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For the positive control test, the
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MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF PRINCIP
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The multiple regression equations w
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Table 3 - Regression models that be
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Is Imaging Analysis Quantifying the
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of the computer. All additional ima
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The final enhanced images were segm
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image analysis is well suited and f
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EVALUATION OF CROP CANOPY EFFECT ON
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∂e ∂e ∂e + u + v ∂t ∂x
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4. Results and discussion 4.1. Spat
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Benchmarking of Irrigated Agricultu
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Indicators can be thought of as sta
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total area is about 13,700 km2. The
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