poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering
poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering
From the results obtained with the simulation of water quality of the basin Poxim River, one can say that immediate investment is needed in collecting and treating sewage in order to be improved sanitary conditions in the watershed. 5. Bibliographical references AGUDO, E. G. Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental. Guia de coleta e preservação de amostras de água. 1º ed. São Paulo. 1987. 150p. ALVES, J. P. H., GARCIA, C. A. B. Qualidade da água. In: Diagnóstico e avaliação ambiental de sub-bacia hidrográfica do Rio Poxim. Relatório Interno UFS/FAPESE, Aracaju, 2006. APHA. AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, 2005. SMEWW 9222 A, B, C, D, E. ARAÚJO, S. C. S. Modelos de simulação baseados em raciocínio qualitativo para avaliação da qualidade da água em bacias hidrográficas. 2005. 218 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2005. ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. Projeto de redes coletoras de esgoto sanitário. NBR 9649. Rio de janeiro: ABNT, 1986. BÄUMLE, A. M. B. Avaliação de benefícios econômicos da despoluição hídrica: efeitos de erros de calibração de modelos de qualidade da água. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia de Recursos Hídricos e Ambiental) – Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, 2005. BRANCO, S. M. Poluição: a morte de nossos rios. 2. ed. São Paulo: ASCETESB, 1983. BACH, H. K., ORHON, D., JENSEN, O. K. AND HANSEN, I. S. Environmental Model Studies for the Istanbul Master Plan. Part II: Water Quality and Eutrophication. Water Science and Technology Vol. 32, No 2, 149-158. 1995. CHAPRA, S. C. 1997. Surface water-quality modeling. Colorado: MacGraw-Hill, 843 p. LUCAS, A. A. T.; AGUIAR NETTO, A DE O; FOLEGATTI, M. V.; FERREIRA, R. A. Calibration of hydrodynamic model MIKE 11 for the sub-basin of the Piauitinga river, Sergipe, Brazil. Revista Ambiente & Água, v. 5, p. 195-207, 2010. MACÊDO, J. A. B. Métodos Laboratoriais de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas. 2° ed. Belo Horizonte. 2003. 601p. NAGALLI, A.; NENES, P. D. Estudo da qualidade de água de corpo receptor de efluentes líquidos industriais e domésticos. Rev. Acad., Ciênc. Agrár. Ambient., Curitiba, v. 7, n. 2, p. 131-144, abr./jun,2009. PELCZAR JR., J. M.; CHAN, E. C. S.; KRIEG, N. R. Microbiologia: conceitos e aplicações. 2. ed. São Paulo: MAKRON Books, 1996. v. 2 PORTO, R. L. L. et al Sistema de suporte a decisões aplicado à gestão e planejamento de recursos hídricos. Relatório final. São Paulo: FINEP/ CNPq/ FCTH, 2004. RYKIEL, E. J. Testing ecological models: the meaning of validation. Ecological Modelling 90, p. 229 - 244, 1996. SANTOS, C. Estatística Descritiva - Manual de Auto-aprendizagem, Lisboa, Edições Sílabo. (2007). SARDINHA, D. S. ; Conceição, Fabiano Tomazini da ; Souza, Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves de ; Silveira, Alexandre ; De Julio, Marcelo ; Gonçalves, Julio César de Souza Inácio . Avaliação da qualidade da água e autodepuração do ribeirão do meio, Leme (SP). Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, v. 13, p. 329-338, 2008. SERGIPE (Estado). Superintendência de Recursos Hídricos. (2004a). Atlas Digital sobre os Recursos Hídricos de Sergipe. ARACAJU: SEPLANTEC-SRH, CD-ROM. TEIXEIRA, C. A.; PORTO, R. L. L.; PORTO, M. F. A.; MÉLLO JUNIOR , A. V. Sistema computacional de auxílio à decisão no manejo integrado de quantidade e de qualidade de água. In: Simpósio de Hidráulica e Recursos Hídricos dos Países de Ex pressão Portuguesa. 7, 2005, Évora. Anais... Évora: APRH/ABRH, 2005. CD Rom. TEIXEIRA, C. A. Gerenciamento integrado de quantidade e qualidade de água . 2004. 273f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Civil) – Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2004. VON SPERLING, M. Introdução à qualidade das águas e ao tratamento de esgotos. 3 ed. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental. 452 p. 2005.
Effect of Rice Straw Mulch on Runoff and NPS Pollution Discharges from a Vegetable Field Joongdae Choi 1* , Min-hwan Shin 1 , Ji-seong Yoon 1 , Jeong-ryeol Jang 2 1 Dept. of Regional Infrastructures Eng., Kangwon Nat’l Univ., Chuncheon, 200-701, Korea 2 Rural Research Institute, Korea Rural Corporation, Ansan, 426-908, Korea *Corresponding author. E-mail: jdchoi@kangwon.ac.kr Abstract Six runoff plots of 5x22 m in size were prepared to investigate the effect of rice straw mat mulch on runoff and agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution discharges from mild sloped vegetable fields in 2011. Radish and Chinese cabbage were cultivated in spring and fall, respectively. Experimental treatments were control, rice straw and rice straw mat cover. The cover rate of the straw and straw mat after the treatment was 64.7% and 73.7%, respectively. Each treatment was duplicated. Sixteen rainfall events were monitored and the effect of the straw mulch was analyzed. Annual runoff reduction of straw and straw mat was 26.9% and 55.1%, respectively. And annual NPS pollution reduction by straw and straw mat mulch was 38.6% and 67.2%, respectively. It was concluded that straw and straw mat mulch could reduce both runoff and NPS pollution loads from vetable fields. And it was also recommended that government incentives for farmers to adopt the residue mulch be encouraged. Key words: Rice straw mat, runoff plot, water quality, NPS pollution, vegetable field. 1. Introduction Agricultural NPS pollution has been acknowledged as one of the major pollution sources in Korea. Various best management practices (BMPs) to control and reduce the pollution has been applied to upland fields, specially in the highland sloping fields. The sloping fields composed mostly of sandy and sandy loam soils and rainfall intensity is quite high, and thus, heavy muddy runoff and NPS pollution occurs during moonson season. Most of these BMPs are not to target to reduce runoff and NPS pollution at fields (source) but to treat runoff discharged from fields or stabilize the peripheral areas of the fields. Cement concrete drainage channels, small sediment traps and basins, gabion walls and levy slope stabilization are typical examples of the BMPs. These structural BMPs are not effective in terms of reduction of runoff and NPS pollution. Vegetated filter strips, vegetated waterways and riparian buffer strips also have tried. However, these practices are not well adopted by farmers because the size of individual land is generally small not to accomodate such practices. No-till practice is known as one of effective BMPs that could reduce runoff at the source but it does not fit well to vegetable farming that generally requires conventional plowing and growth bed preperation. It is necessary to develop effective practices that could reduce runoff, soil erosion and NPS pollution load from the sloping fields. One of the methods that could reduce runoff at the fields is surface mulch with crop residues. Because vegetables do not leave stable residues that could be used as residue cover, other residue cover materials need to be introduced and tested for the reduction of runoff and NPS pollution. The authors and colleagues have been tested the effect of rice straw and rice straw mat on the reduction of runoff, soil erosion and NPS pollution discharge from sloping fields (Choi et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2009; Shin et al., 2010; Won et al., 2011). However, these studies were carried out in a laboratory scale and could not measure runoff and NPS pollution load under field scale experiments. The objective of this research was to evaluate
- Page 173 and 174: 3. Conclusions Reclaimed wastewater
- Page 175 and 176: Q P Ia 2 P Ia S for P≥Ia Q 0
- Page 177 and 178: data P (mm), gauged in 130 pluviogr
- Page 179 and 180: TABLE 2: CN emp values obtained for
- Page 181 and 182: References Chapman, T. G. & Maxwell
- Page 183 and 184: This work, after applying Kennessey
- Page 185 and 186: TABLE 2 - Partial runoff coefficien
- Page 187 and 188: Figure 3 also reports a comparison
- Page 189 and 190: 2. Material and Methods The experim
- Page 191 and 192: TABLE 2: Summary of variance analys
- Page 193 and 194: BEZERRA, I. L.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNA
- Page 195 and 196: 2. Materials and Methods The study
- Page 197 and 198: Figure 3. Hourly values of ET estim
- Page 199 and 200: Ortega-Farias, S.O., Cuenca, R.H.,
- Page 201 and 202: 2 Material end methods The wastewat
- Page 203 and 204: Queiroz et al. (2004) and (Fonseca
- Page 205 and 206: Reference list CEREDA, M.P. (2001)
- Page 207 and 208: 2. Data and Methods 2.1. Methods Ir
- Page 209 and 210: 3. Results The water balance model
- Page 211 and 212: Acknowledgments This work was carri
- Page 213 and 214: and the need to reduce costs, it be
- Page 215 and 216: 40 mm 65.30 59.00 8.70 8.10 60 mm 6
- Page 217 and 218: REFERENCES BERTRAND, J. P. et al. L
- Page 219 and 220: The mathematical modeling in the wa
- Page 221 and 222: OD (mg L -1 ) OD obs (mg L -1 ) TAB
- Page 223: OD (mg L -1 ) DBO (mg L -1 ) 8,00 7
- Page 227 and 228: mg/L, 14.6 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, resp
- Page 229 and 230: 1 PAPAYA SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION FROM
- Page 231 and 232: 3 into an oven with circulating air
- Page 233 and 234: 5 14 12 Stem diameter (mm) 10 8 6 4
- Page 235 and 236: 7 Root dry matter (g plant -1 ) 8 7
- Page 237 and 238: CAVALCANTE, L. F.; CORDEIRO, J. C.;
- Page 239 and 240: This document was created with Win2
- Page 241 and 242: extractable and non-extractable bou
- Page 243 and 244: MOD-E and MOD-B, and 65.99% and 80.
- Page 245 and 246: Houot, S., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud,
- Page 247 and 248: measures water content and electric
- Page 249 and 250: As observed, increasing the dischar
- Page 251 and 252: irrigation: a comparison of point a
- Page 253 and 254: field operations (STRECK et al., 20
- Page 255 and 256: 3. Results and discussions Table 1
- Page 257 and 258: 4. Conclusions It can be concluded
- Page 259 and 260: water maintenance. At the same time
- Page 261 and 262: TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each m
- Page 263 and 264: TABLE 5 Correlation analysis of wat
- Page 265 and 266: turbulent flow energy produced by w
- Page 267 and 268: The numerical model was validated a
- Page 269 and 270: 4. Conclusion FIGURE 6: The shape o
- Page 271 and 272: 2.1 Case study The Zayandeh-Rud bas
- Page 273 and 274: economic factors. In this is a very
From the results obtained with the simulation <strong>of</strong> water quality <strong>of</strong> the basin Poxim<br />
River, one can say that immediate investment is needed in collecting and treating<br />
sewage in order to be improved sanitary conditions in the watershed.<br />
5. Bibliographical references<br />
AGUDO, E. G. Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental. Guia de coleta e<br />
preservação de amostras de água. 1º ed. São Paulo. 1987. 150p.<br />
ALVES, J. P. H., GARCIA, C. A. B. Qualidade da água. In: Diagnóstico e avaliação ambiental<br />
de sub-bacia hidrográfica do Rio Poxim. Relatório Interno UFS/FAPESE, Aracaju,<br />
2006.<br />
APHA. AMERICAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION. Standard Methods for Examination <strong>of</strong><br />
Water and Wastewater. 20th Edition, 2005. SMEWW 9222 A, B, C, D, E.<br />
ARAÚJO, S. C. S. Modelos de simulação baseados em raciocínio qualitativo para<br />
avaliação da qualidade da água em bacias hidrográficas. 2005. 218 f. Tese<br />
(Doutorado em Ecologia). Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2005.<br />
ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE NORMAS TÉCNICAS. Projeto de redes coletoras de<br />
esgoto sanitário. NBR 9649. Rio de janeiro: ABNT, 1986.<br />
BÄUMLE, A. M. B. Avaliação de benefícios econômicos da despoluição hídrica: efeitos de<br />
erros de calibração de modelos de qualidade da água. Dissertação (Mestrado em<br />
Engenharia de Recursos Hídricos e Ambiental) – Universidade Federal do Paraná,<br />
Curitiba, 2005.<br />
BRANCO, S. M. Poluição: a morte de nossos rios. 2. ed. São Paulo: ASCETESB, 1983.<br />
BACH, H. K., ORHON, D., JENSEN, O. K. AND HANSEN, I. S. Environmental Model Studies<br />
for the Istanbul Master Plan. Part II: Water Quality and Eutrophication. Water Science<br />
and Technology Vol. 32, No 2, 149-158. 1995.<br />
CHAPRA, S. C. 1997. Surface water-quality modeling. Colorado: MacGraw-Hill, 843 p.<br />
LUCAS, A. A. T.; AGUIAR NETTO, A DE O; FOLEGATTI, M. V.; FERREIRA, R. A. Calibration<br />
<strong>of</strong> hydrodynamic model MIKE 11 for the sub-basin <strong>of</strong> the Piauitinga river, Sergipe, Brazil.<br />
Revista Ambiente & Água, v. 5, p. 195-207, 2010.<br />
MACÊDO, J. A. B. Métodos Laboratoriais de análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas.<br />
2° ed. Belo Horizonte. 2003. 601p.<br />
NAGALLI, A.; NENES, P. D. Estudo da qualidade de água de corpo receptor de efluentes<br />
líquidos industriais e domésticos. Rev. Acad., Ciênc. Agrár. Ambient., Curitiba, v. 7, n.<br />
2, p. 131-144, abr./jun,2009.<br />
PELCZAR JR., J. M.; CHAN, E. C. S.; KRIEG, N. R. Microbiologia: conceitos e aplicações.<br />
2. ed. São Paulo: MAKRON Books, 1996. v. 2<br />
PORTO, R. L. L. et al Sistema de suporte a decisões aplicado à gestão e<br />
planejamento de recursos hídricos. Relatório final. São Paulo: FINEP/ CNPq/ FCTH, 2004.<br />
RYKIEL, E. J. Testing ecological models: the meaning <strong>of</strong> validation. Ecological Modelling 90,<br />
p. 229 - 244, 1996.<br />
SANTOS, C. Estatística Descritiva - Manual de Auto-aprendizagem, Lisboa, Edições Sílabo.<br />
(2007).<br />
SARDINHA, D. S. ; Conceição, Fabiano Tomazini da ; Souza, Antonio Donizetti Gonçalves de ;<br />
Silveira, Alexandre ; De Julio, Marcelo ; Gonçalves, Julio César de Souza Inácio .<br />
Avaliação da qualidade da água e autodepuração do ribeirão do meio, Leme (SP).<br />
Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, v. 13, p. 329-338, 2008.<br />
SERGIPE (Estado). Superintendência de Recursos Hídricos. (2004a). Atlas Digital sobre os<br />
Recursos Hídricos de Sergipe. ARACAJU: SEPLANTEC-SRH, CD-ROM.<br />
TEIXEIRA, C. A.; PORTO, R. L. L.; PORTO, M. F. A.; MÉLLO JUNIOR , A. V. Sistema<br />
computacional de auxílio à decisão no manejo integrado de quantidade e de<br />
qualidade de água. In: Simpósio de Hidráulica e Recursos Hídricos dos Países de<br />
Ex pressão Portuguesa. 7, 2005, Évora. Anais... Évora: APRH/ABRH, 2005. CD Rom.<br />
TEIXEIRA, C. A. Gerenciamento integrado de quantidade e qualidade de água . 2004.<br />
273f. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Civil) – Escola Politécnica da Universidade de<br />
São Paulo, São Paulo, 2004.<br />
VON SPERLING, M. Introdução à qualidade das águas e ao tratamento de esgotos. 3 ed.<br />
Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / Departamento de Engenharia<br />
Sanitária e Ambiental. 452 p. 2005.