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Enxerto ( mg kg -1 ) Ramos ( mg kg-1) Raízes ( mg kg -1 ) Porta- enxerto (m g kg -1 ) 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 Y = 0,6411 + 1,7408**X - 0,3261**X2 R² = 0,9401 0 0,8 1,6 2,4 3,2 4,0 1 Y = 1,9970 + 0,3095**X R² = 0,9844 0 0,8 1,6 2,4 3,2 4,0 CEa ( dS m -1 ) CEa ( dS m -1 ) C 4 D 4 3 3 2 2 1 Y = 2,0005 + 0,1989**X R² = 0,6890 0 0,8 1,6 2,4 3,2 4,0 CEa ( dS m -1 ) 1 Y = 1,7740 + 0,8406**X - 0,1331nsX 2 R² = 0,9218 0 0,8 1,6 2,4 3,2 4,0 CEa ( dS m -1 ) Figure 2: Sodium contents of the roots (A), rootstocks (B) grafts (C) and branches (D) in precocious dwarf cashew tree CCP76 clone in function of electrical conductivity (ECw) used in irrigation after 90 days of salt stress in fruiting phase. In plant parts where the salinity had a significant effect on the levels of sodium, except for roots, we observed an increasing sodium concentration with salinity which could be consistent with that reported by Silva et al. (1997), cited by Fernandes (2000) who say that sodium may act by stimulating plant growth, therefore, is considered a useful complement to many cultures for physiological effects themselves or by replacing part of K + required by the plant. The degree of substitution will depend on the potential for absorption and translocation of Na + to the shoot of the plant and the efficiency of plant using K + , which is possibly accepted in view of the plant is at the stage of fruit, a phase responsible for a period of very large demand for potassium, with a view to the formation of the fruits. For example, in the presence of high external concentration of sodium, potassium and calcium absorption can be inhibited, causing deficiencies of these nutrients and increase the sodium content in plant cells (Fernandes, 2000). 4. Conclusions The sodium and chloride contents, in general, were affected by the accumulation of salts in the root zone caused by irrigation water. For both rootstocks and grafts, there was an increase in chloride content with salinity of irrigation water. But in the leaves it was observed a decreasing. With the exception of roots, other plant parts of dwarf cashew tree had an increasing in the sodium content by the salinity of irrigation water. 5. References AUDRY, P.; SUASSUNA, J. A salinidade das águas disponíveis para a pequena irrigação no sertão do Nordeste: caracterização, variação sazonal, limitação de uso. Recife: CNPq, 1995. 128 p.
BEZERRA, I. L.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNANDES, P. D.; GURGEL, M. T.; NOBRE, R. G. Germinação, formação de porta-enxertos e enxertia de cajueiro anão-precoce, sob estresse salino. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 6, n. 3, p. 420-424. 2002. CARNEIRO, P. T.; FERNANDES, P. D.; GHEYI, H. R.; SOARES, F. A. L. Germinação e crescimento inicial de genótipos de cajueiro anão-precoce em condições de salinidade. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, PB, v. 6, n. 2, p. 199-206, 2002. CARNEIRO, P. T.; FERNANDES, P. D.; GHEYI, H. R.; SOARES, F. A. L.; VIANA, S. B. A. Salt tolerance of precocious dwarf cashew rootstocks - physiological and growth indexes. Scientia Agricola, v. 61, n. 1, p. 9-16, 2004. FERREIRA, O. S.; MATOS, N. N.; MENESES JÚNIOR, J.; BARROS, L. DE M.; LIMA JÚNIOR, A.; SILVEIRA, J. A. G. da. Avaliação inicial da tolerância ao estresse salino em materiais de cajueiro (Anacardium occidentale L.) através de índices de crescimento. In: Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura, 16, 2000, Fortaleza, Anais... Fortaleza: SBF, 2000. CD-Rom. INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA. Anuário Estatístico do Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2006. IZZO, R. NAVARI-IZZO, F.; QUARTACCI, F. Growth and mineral absorption in maize seedlings as affected by increasing NaCl concentrations. Journal of Plant Nutrition, New York, v.14, p.687-699, 1991. Lima, V. de P.M.S. A cultura do cajueiro no Nordeste do Brasil. Fortaleza: Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB),1988. 454p. LIMA, V. de P. M. S. A cultura do cajueiro no Nordeste do Brasil. Fortaleza: Banco do Nordeste do Brasil (BNB), 1988. 454 p. MAAS, E. V. Salt tolerance of plants. Applied Agric. Research, v. 1, p. 12-26, 1986. MAAS, E. V., HOFFMAN, G. J. Crop salt tolerance - current assessment. In: ASCE (ed.). Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Division: American Society of Civil Engineers, v. 103, n. IR2, p. 115-134. 1977. MARSCHNER, H. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. . 2a ed. Londres, Academic Press, 1995, 889p. MEIRELES, A. C. M. Salinidade da água de irrigação e desenvolvimento de mudas de cajueiro anão-precoce (Anacardium occidentale L.). Fortaleza: UFC, 1999. 60p. (Dissertação de Mestrado). RICHARDS, L. A. (ed.). Diagnoses and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Washington: United States Salinity Laboratory, 1954. 160 p. (USDA. Agriculture Handbook, 60). SILVA, F. C. Manual de análises químicas de solos, plantas e fertilizantes. Brasília: Embrapa, 1999. 370p. SISVAR. Sistema de Analise de Variância para dados Balanceados: versão 4.3. Software para análises estatísticas por meio do Windows. Lavras: UFLA, 2003 VIÉGAS, R. A.; SILVEIRA, J. A. G. da; LIMA JR., A. R. de; QUEIROZ, J. E.; FAUSTO, M. J. M. Effects of NaCl-salinity on growth and inorganic solute accumulation in Young cashew plants. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, v. 5, p. 216-222, 2001. YAHYA, A. Salinity effects on growth and on uptake and distribution of sodium and some essential mineral nutrients in sesame. Journal of Plant Nutrition, v.21, n.7, p. 1439-1451, 1998.
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POSTER SW: SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERI
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Presenter: Jose Euclides Paterniani
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1 Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Matsura Department of hydraulic and
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P-2064 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF
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temperature-based (e.g., Thornthwai
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two types of reference surfaces rep
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(d) Baft (c) Bam (b) Kerma n (a) Ji
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Estevez, J., Gavilan, P., & Berenge
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2. Materials and Methods 2.1 The hy
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Ia = n × v ec Equation 3 which: Ia
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5. References ALLEN, R.G.; PEREIRA,
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The density analysis was performed
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Figure1 - Relationship between the
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4 Conclusions • The density obtai
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characteristics resulting from of g
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Table1. Morphological characteristi
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Transpiration of Eucalyptus spp see
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The fertilization growth and harden
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Cool, J. B., Rodrigo, G. N., Garcí
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Abstract Agriculture and water sour
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In 1985 and 1986 hygienic protectio
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spring area. It is also prohibited
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Biological Nitrogen Fixation In Gen
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We used a completely randomized in
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5. References AYERS, R.S.; WESTCOT,
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2 However, the cultures are not alw
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4 TABEL 2: Mean values of radiation
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accumulated ETo (mm dia -1 ) 6 900
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only the expansion of agricultural
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FIGURE 2: Content of chlorophyll a,
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Evapotranspiration and Crop Coeffic
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were respectively applied in the fi
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TABLE 1: Irrigation depth and actua
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NUTRIENT RETENTION IN WETLANDS USIN
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Table 2. Daily affluent concentrati
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IMPORTANCE OF DRY GEAR MASS CULTURE
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mobilizing assimilated exerted by c
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This method consists of covering th
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uncovered ones, that mixed the wate
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coliforms and E-coli that might hav
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WATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION WITH
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in a grinder and passed through a 0
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3.2. Determination of the required
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ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF LAND DEGRADAT
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This methodology consists of a sequ
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FIGURE 5. A - Area of exploitation
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Water technology improvements and t
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The Multiattribute Utility Theory (
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higher demand than those of scenari
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YIELD AND BEAN SIZE OF COFFEA ARABI
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uniformity of flowering. The irriga
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Table 3 - Analysis of variance for
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SUGARCANE FERTIRRIGATED WITH MINERA
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3. Results and Discussion The value
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espectively, compared to that obser
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Optimal Reservoir Operation Model w
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all periods are computed using Eq.
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(a) Calibration (b) Verification Fi
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Characteristics of Heavy Metal Cont
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2. Materials and Method 2.1. Study
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TABLE 2: Devices for collecting of
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Calibration of Hargreaves Equation
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Relative error (RE): Index of agree
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Stochastic modelling of Contaminant
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widely used for various fields such
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show that Extvalue and Logistic dis
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Efficiency of water and energy use
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Pressure: it was obtained by means
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them cover similar percentages. Dur
Page 141 and 142: Relationship among compaction, mois
Page 143 and 144: Cylindrical containers (191mm diame
Page 145 and 146: Figure 9 High compaction. Bulk dens
Page 147 and 148: Simulation of water flow with root
Page 149 and 150: water contents were almost greater
Page 151 and 152: Operation and Energy Optimization M
Page 153 and 154: Urmia Salt Lake Urmia FIGURE 1: Gha
Page 155 and 156: changes have been done in system. F
Page 157 and 158: Application of Surface Cover and So
Page 159 and 160: significantly lower than those from
Page 161 and 162: Choi, J. D., (1997). Effect of Rura
Page 163 and 164: 1.1. Scope and aim The growth of th
Page 165 and 166: Therefore, the remaining works are
Page 167 and 168: network makes such volumes unaccept
Page 169 and 170: Reclaimed wastewater reuse has been
Page 171 and 172: Fig. 2 shows the monitoring results
Page 173 and 174: 3. Conclusions Reclaimed wastewater
Page 175 and 176: Q P Ia 2 P Ia S for P≥Ia Q 0
Page 177 and 178: data P (mm), gauged in 130 pluviogr
Page 179 and 180: TABLE 2: CN emp values obtained for
Page 181 and 182: References Chapman, T. G. & Maxwell
Page 183 and 184: This work, after applying Kennessey
Page 185 and 186: TABLE 2 - Partial runoff coefficien
Page 187 and 188: Figure 3 also reports a comparison
Page 189 and 190: 2. Material and Methods The experim
Page 191: TABLE 2: Summary of variance analys
Page 195 and 196: 2. Materials and Methods The study
Page 197 and 198: Figure 3. Hourly values of ET estim
Page 199 and 200: Ortega-Farias, S.O., Cuenca, R.H.,
Page 201 and 202: 2 Material end methods The wastewat
Page 203 and 204: Queiroz et al. (2004) and (Fonseca
Page 205 and 206: Reference list CEREDA, M.P. (2001)
Page 207 and 208: 2. Data and Methods 2.1. Methods Ir
Page 209 and 210: 3. Results The water balance model
Page 211 and 212: Acknowledgments This work was carri
Page 213 and 214: and the need to reduce costs, it be
Page 215 and 216: 40 mm 65.30 59.00 8.70 8.10 60 mm 6
Page 217 and 218: REFERENCES BERTRAND, J. P. et al. L
Page 219 and 220: The mathematical modeling in the wa
Page 221 and 222: OD (mg L -1 ) OD obs (mg L -1 ) TAB
Page 223 and 224: OD (mg L -1 ) DBO (mg L -1 ) 8,00 7
Page 225 and 226: Effect of Rice Straw Mulch on Runof
Page 227 and 228: mg/L, 14.6 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, resp
Page 229 and 230: 1 PAPAYA SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION FROM
Page 231 and 232: 3 into an oven with circulating air
Page 233 and 234: 5 14 12 Stem diameter (mm) 10 8 6 4
Page 235 and 236: 7 Root dry matter (g plant -1 ) 8 7
Page 237 and 238: CAVALCANTE, L. F.; CORDEIRO, J. C.;
Page 239 and 240: This document was created with Win2
Page 241 and 242: extractable and non-extractable bou
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MOD-E and MOD-B, and 65.99% and 80.
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Houot, S., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud,
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measures water content and electric
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As observed, increasing the dischar
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irrigation: a comparison of point a
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field operations (STRECK et al., 20
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3. Results and discussions Table 1
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4. Conclusions It can be concluded
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water maintenance. At the same time
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TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each m
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TABLE 5 Correlation analysis of wat
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turbulent flow energy produced by w
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The numerical model was validated a
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4. Conclusion FIGURE 6: The shape o
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2.1 Case study The Zayandeh-Rud bas
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economic factors. In this is a very
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FIGURE 1. Location of the Wuliangsu
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WT( o C) (a) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
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• The effectiveness of the crop c
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As evidenced by Rana et al. (2005),
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1.20 1.20 2010 2011 0.90 0.90 K c 0
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elationships. There is forest area,
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B = ( c − a) A − ( c − d) c
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References Choi, W.-J., Lee, S.-M.,
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of faecal bacteria (Kummerer, 2004;
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FIGURE 1 - Project tasks and links
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Oliveira, A.B. & Henriques, M. (201
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1 Introduction To irrigate is to su
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the inverter that provides a refere
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OLIVEIRA FILHO, D. ; SAMPAIO, R. P.
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1.1 Description of the Study Area T
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Refrences: Bruce J.P. (1994). Natur
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RE because it has the advantages ov
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with L 1 2 com obs J ( k ) = ∑{ f
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Relative hydraulic conductivity r 1
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surfaces requires information on th
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climate. Therefore a special coeffi
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FIGURE 2: The relation between K pa
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Coagulation using Moringa oleifera
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After the assembly of the experimen
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For the positive control test, the
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MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF PRINCIP
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The multiple regression equations w
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Table 3 - Regression models that be
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Is Imaging Analysis Quantifying the
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of the computer. All additional ima
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The final enhanced images were segm
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image analysis is well suited and f
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EVALUATION OF CROP CANOPY EFFECT ON
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∂e ∂e ∂e + u + v ∂t ∂x
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4. Results and discussion 4.1. Spat
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Benchmarking of Irrigated Agricultu
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Indicators can be thought of as sta
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total area is about 13,700 km2. The
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