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PRODUCTION OF HYBRID PAPAYA CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION LEVELS. Mônica Shirley Silva Souza, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande, PB, 58429- 900, Brazil Alberto Soares de Melo, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil Juarez Paz Pedroza, Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande, PB, 58429-900, Brazil Josivanda Palmeira Gomes Av. Aprígio Veloso, 882, Campina Grande, PB, 58429- 900, Brazil moni_shirley@hotmail.com Abstract Wishing to know the potential production of hybrid papaya under irrigation, an experiment was conducted to evaluate their productivity under different irrigation levels, seeking subsidies for irrigated agriculture in semiarid region of Paraíba state. The work was done in the Campus IV, at the Center of Human and Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba (UEPB), located in Catolé do Rocha – Paraíba (brazilian Northeast). It were tested four irrigation levels (50, 75, 100 and 125 % of ETo) and the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) calculated by Penman-Monteith model. It was used the papaya (Carica papaya L.) UENF/Caliman 01, planted in single rows, in the spacing 4.0 m x 2.0 m, irrigated by drip. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with six repetitions and three plants per plot. The variables studied were: fruit mass, number of fruits and productivity. In the level 2 (75 % ETo) obtained the maximum number of fruits (41.84 mg ha - 1 ), showing that the hybrid UENF/Caliman 01 can be cultivated in the region of semiarid region of Paraíba state with this replacement rate, without compromising on growth performance of the crop. Keywords: Carica papaya L., irrigation management, productivity. 1 Introduction Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is widespread in tropical and subtropical climate regions, and in 2005 was cultivated in 54 countries, and Brazil among the three largest producers. The country stood out as the largest producer, reaching 1,650,000 tonnes, followed by Mexico and Nigeria, with 955,694 and 755,000 tonnes respectively (FAO, 2010). The amount of water stored in the soil throughout the period of development of the papaya crop affects their productivity, being affected by both the excess and lack. Montenegro et al. (2004) said that the estimates of irrigation water to apply and the frequency of irrigation of crops are a great importance to avoid a decrease in income, caused by excess or deficit of soil moisture. It is known that water is a limited natural resource in semiarid region of Brazil, and its use in irrigated horticulture should stick to improving the efficiency of its use in farming systems in regions, especially in high evapotranspiration demand. In this sense, it becomes necessary to study that takes into account the productive potential of the papaya crop, specifically the hybrid UENF/Caliman 01 under different irrigation enabling the improvement in efficiency of water use.
2. Materials and Methods 2.1 The hybrid The hybrid used was developed by UENF (UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL NORTE FLUMINENSE) and CALIMAN FARM S/A, in Linhares town- ES resulting from crosses of 'Sunrise Solo 72/12' with the 'JS12'. All characteristics of the hybrid meet the standards required by the foreign market (RJ-SETEC, 2007). 2.2 Treatments and experimental design The studied treatments were four water irrigation levels (L1 = 50%, L2 = 75%, L3 = 100% and L4 = 125% of ETo) and the reference evapotranspiration calculated by Penman- Monteith model standardized by Allen et al. (1998) (Equation 1). The applied quantities of water (Irrigation + effective Precipitation) in each treatment during the course studied was 986.7 mm; 1480mm; 1973.4mm and 2466.7 mm, respectively, for the treatment L1, L2, L3 and L4 as shown in Table 1. In Figure 1 there are a partial view of irrigation method and papaya cultivation field. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications, each plot consisted of three useful plants. ETo = 0,48∆( R n ⎛ 900U 2 ⎞ − G) + γ ⎜ ⎟( e ⎝ T + 273 ⎠ ∆ + γ (1 + 0,34U ) 2 s − e a ) Equation 1 which: ETo = Reference evapotranspiration (mm day -1 ); Rn = net radiation at the culture surface (MJ m -2 day -1 ); G = heat flow in the soil (MJ m -2 day -1 ); ∆= slope of vapor pressure curve versus air temperature (kPa. o C -1 ); U 2 = wind speed measured at two meters in height (m s -1 ); T = temperature ( o C); e s = saturation pressure of water vapor (kPa); e a = real pressure of water vapor (kPa); γ = psychrometric factor (MJ kg -1 ).
Page 1 and 2: POSTER SW: SOIL AND WATER ENGINEERI
Page 3 and 4: Presenter: Jose Euclides Paterniani
Page 5 and 6: 1 Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Page 7 and 8: Matsura Department of hydraulic and
Page 9 and 10: P-2064 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF
Page 11 and 12: temperature-based (e.g., Thornthwai
Page 13 and 14: two types of reference surfaces rep
Page 15 and 16: (d) Baft (c) Bam (b) Kerma n (a) Ji
Page 17: Estevez, J., Gavilan, P., & Berenge
Page 21 and 22: Ia = n × v ec Equation 3 which: Ia
Page 23 and 24: 5. References ALLEN, R.G.; PEREIRA,
Page 25 and 26: The density analysis was performed
Page 27 and 28: Figure1 - Relationship between the
Page 29 and 30: 4 Conclusions • The density obtai
Page 31 and 32: characteristics resulting from of g
Page 33 and 34: Table1. Morphological characteristi
Page 35 and 36: Transpiration of Eucalyptus spp see
Page 37 and 38: The fertilization growth and harden
Page 39 and 40: Cool, J. B., Rodrigo, G. N., Garcí
Page 41 and 42: Abstract Agriculture and water sour
Page 43 and 44: In 1985 and 1986 hygienic protectio
Page 45 and 46: spring area. It is also prohibited
Page 47 and 48: Biological Nitrogen Fixation In Gen
Page 49 and 50: We used a completely randomized in
Page 51 and 52: 5. References AYERS, R.S.; WESTCOT,
Page 53 and 54: 2 However, the cultures are not alw
Page 55 and 56: 4 TABEL 2: Mean values of radiation
Page 57 and 58: accumulated ETo (mm dia -1 ) 6 900
Page 59 and 60: only the expansion of agricultural
Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 2: Content of chlorophyll a,
Page 63 and 64: Evapotranspiration and Crop Coeffic
Page 65 and 66: were respectively applied in the fi
Page 67 and 68: TABLE 1: Irrigation depth and actua
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NUTRIENT RETENTION IN WETLANDS USIN
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Table 2. Daily affluent concentrati
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IMPORTANCE OF DRY GEAR MASS CULTURE
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mobilizing assimilated exerted by c
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This method consists of covering th
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uncovered ones, that mixed the wate
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coliforms and E-coli that might hav
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WATER TREATMENT BY COAGULATION WITH
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in a grinder and passed through a 0
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3.2. Determination of the required
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ANALYSIS OF LEVELS OF LAND DEGRADAT
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This methodology consists of a sequ
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FIGURE 5. A - Area of exploitation
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Water technology improvements and t
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The Multiattribute Utility Theory (
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higher demand than those of scenari
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YIELD AND BEAN SIZE OF COFFEA ARABI
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uniformity of flowering. The irriga
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Table 3 - Analysis of variance for
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SUGARCANE FERTIRRIGATED WITH MINERA
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3. Results and Discussion The value
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espectively, compared to that obser
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Optimal Reservoir Operation Model w
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all periods are computed using Eq.
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(a) Calibration (b) Verification Fi
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Characteristics of Heavy Metal Cont
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2. Materials and Method 2.1. Study
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TABLE 2: Devices for collecting of
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Calibration of Hargreaves Equation
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Relative error (RE): Index of agree
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Stochastic modelling of Contaminant
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widely used for various fields such
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show that Extvalue and Logistic dis
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Efficiency of water and energy use
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Pressure: it was obtained by means
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them cover similar percentages. Dur
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Relationship among compaction, mois
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Cylindrical containers (191mm diame
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Figure 9 High compaction. Bulk dens
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Simulation of water flow with root
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water contents were almost greater
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Operation and Energy Optimization M
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Urmia Salt Lake Urmia FIGURE 1: Gha
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changes have been done in system. F
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Application of Surface Cover and So
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significantly lower than those from
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Choi, J. D., (1997). Effect of Rura
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1.1. Scope and aim The growth of th
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Therefore, the remaining works are
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network makes such volumes unaccept
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Reclaimed wastewater reuse has been
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Fig. 2 shows the monitoring results
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3. Conclusions Reclaimed wastewater
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Q P Ia 2 P Ia S for P≥Ia Q 0
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data P (mm), gauged in 130 pluviogr
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TABLE 2: CN emp values obtained for
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References Chapman, T. G. & Maxwell
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This work, after applying Kennessey
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TABLE 2 - Partial runoff coefficien
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Figure 3 also reports a comparison
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2. Material and Methods The experim
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TABLE 2: Summary of variance analys
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BEZERRA, I. L.; GHEYI, H. R.; FERNA
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2. Materials and Methods The study
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Figure 3. Hourly values of ET estim
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Ortega-Farias, S.O., Cuenca, R.H.,
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2 Material end methods The wastewat
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Queiroz et al. (2004) and (Fonseca
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Reference list CEREDA, M.P. (2001)
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2. Data and Methods 2.1. Methods Ir
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3. Results The water balance model
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Acknowledgments This work was carri
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and the need to reduce costs, it be
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40 mm 65.30 59.00 8.70 8.10 60 mm 6
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REFERENCES BERTRAND, J. P. et al. L
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The mathematical modeling in the wa
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OD (mg L -1 ) OD obs (mg L -1 ) TAB
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OD (mg L -1 ) DBO (mg L -1 ) 8,00 7
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Effect of Rice Straw Mulch on Runof
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mg/L, 14.6 mg/L, and 1.2 mg/L, resp
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1 PAPAYA SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION FROM
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3 into an oven with circulating air
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5 14 12 Stem diameter (mm) 10 8 6 4
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7 Root dry matter (g plant -1 ) 8 7
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CAVALCANTE, L. F.; CORDEIRO, J. C.;
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This document was created with Win2
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extractable and non-extractable bou
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MOD-E and MOD-B, and 65.99% and 80.
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Houot, S., Barriuso, E., Bergheaud,
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measures water content and electric
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As observed, increasing the dischar
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irrigation: a comparison of point a
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field operations (STRECK et al., 20
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3. Results and discussions Table 1
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4. Conclusions It can be concluded
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water maintenance. At the same time
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TABLE 1 Stream discharge for each m
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TABLE 5 Correlation analysis of wat
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turbulent flow energy produced by w
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The numerical model was validated a
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4. Conclusion FIGURE 6: The shape o
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2.1 Case study The Zayandeh-Rud bas
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economic factors. In this is a very
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FIGURE 1. Location of the Wuliangsu
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WT( o C) (a) 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5
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(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i)
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• The effectiveness of the crop c
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As evidenced by Rana et al. (2005),
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1.20 1.20 2010 2011 0.90 0.90 K c 0
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elationships. There is forest area,
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B = ( c − a) A − ( c − d) c
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References Choi, W.-J., Lee, S.-M.,
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of faecal bacteria (Kummerer, 2004;
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FIGURE 1 - Project tasks and links
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Oliveira, A.B. & Henriques, M. (201
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1 Introduction To irrigate is to su
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the inverter that provides a refere
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OLIVEIRA FILHO, D. ; SAMPAIO, R. P.
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1.1 Description of the Study Area T
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Refrences: Bruce J.P. (1994). Natur
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RE because it has the advantages ov
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with L 1 2 com obs J ( k ) = ∑{ f
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Relative hydraulic conductivity r 1
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surfaces requires information on th
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climate. Therefore a special coeffi
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FIGURE 2: The relation between K pa
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Coagulation using Moringa oleifera
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After the assembly of the experimen
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For the positive control test, the
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MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL OF PRINCIP
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The multiple regression equations w
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Table 3 - Regression models that be
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Is Imaging Analysis Quantifying the
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of the computer. All additional ima
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The final enhanced images were segm
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image analysis is well suited and f
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EVALUATION OF CROP CANOPY EFFECT ON
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∂e ∂e ∂e + u + v ∂t ∂x
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4. Results and discussion 4.1. Spat
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Benchmarking of Irrigated Agricultu
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Indicators can be thought of as sta
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total area is about 13,700 km2. The
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