poster - International Conference of Agricultural Engineering

water-energy nexus. In the case that many clean and renewable energy sources as solar
energy, energy of wind, energy of flowing water are there in environment, fossil energy sources
can be replaced by the clean energy sources for decreasing pollutant energy consumption. This
idea has been considered and used before and governments had long term plans for that. In
studies of the European Union the renewables will provide 13.5% of world energy in 2030
(Arriaga, 2010).
In this direction, the research follows two goals; 1. Optimization of energy consumption using
time management and adapting of system component and optimizing operation of pumps by the
goal of decreasing energy consumption and costs, 2. Using potential opportunities in system for
energy producing.
2. Optimization
Optimization is the relationship between production and consumption of systems. Also,
Optimization is defined as best usage of all conditions with respect to limitations.
Generally the objective function can be written as following equation:
W f x , x , x ,..., x )
(1)
(
1 2 3 n
In this equation, W is objective function, that is a mathematical equation between variables of
x
1
, x2,
x3,...,
x n
. Also n is the number of variables of objective function (Fadaee & Besharat,
2005).
3. Water-Energy Nexus
The goal of water supply systems is to produce water for various purposes. Such systems are
required to spend a lot of energy for water transportation. If the huge amount of water
consumption on the world is imagined, it can be conceived that a large amount of energy is
consumed in this systems. Usually in design of systems the effort will be achievement the best
plan and avoidance of head loss. The path of the pipe and its roughness has direct effect on
design. Sometimes a lot of energy wastes by means of some devices in order to control the
flow. For instance, in some cases that high elevation different there is in a pipe line, a high
speed flow appears. In such cases to prevent the destructive effects of energetic flow, some
devices such as pressure reduction valves (PRV) are used. PRV not only wastes the useful
energy of systems, but also are very costly because of some service and maintenance
requirements.
In this study, as an innovative idea, it has been tried to stop the energy loss in PRV installed
points. In this regard, in the location of PRV, water turbine has been installed. The turbine first
acts as a PRV for controlling the energy of water. In the next step the controlled energy will be
employed to produce electricity in turbine. The generated electricity can be implemented in the
system for pumping purpose. But an exact time management operation is required for this goal.
4. Gharah-Bagh WCS
The Gharah-Bagh project has been located in north east of Urmia in Iran. The main goal of this
system is to produce the adequate water for irrigation. Water is gained from Zolla Dam and is
transported to required place by Gharah-Bagh WCS.