Falco 28 - International Wildlife Consultants Ltd.

desired locations and examine the organs of concern. For
educational purposes, a necropsy was performed in a Cooper’s
Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) to visualize the locations of the
endoscope in the bird during laparoscopy.
The wild bird had been found and submitted to the Tufts
Wildlife Clinic, with a comminuted open fracture of the
left humerus which could not be repaired to restore flight.
Therefore, the bird was anaesthetized with 3% isoflurane
and humanely euthanized by intravenous injection of
pentobarbital sodium solution. The photographs were taken
two hours after death during necropsy.
The cadaver has been placed in dorsal position with the
sternum and the abdominal body wall removed. Cranial is
on the left side and caudal on the right side of the pictures.
The endoscope is represented by an orthopaedic wire in the
photographs and a red line in the drawings.
3c
Figures 3. Illustration (3a, modified image, Evans 1982)
and photographs (3b, 3c) of the endoscopy of the left cranial
thoracic airsac. The endoscope is pushed cranially from the
caudal into the cranial thoracic airsac. In 3c, the membrane
separating cranial and caudal airsac has been removed and a
more cranial view is visualizing the ostia of the airsacs. Cr
ta= cranial thoracic airsac, c ta= caudal thoracic airsac, aa=
abdominal airsac, H= heart, L= liver, O= ostium.
3a
4a
3b
4b
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