2013 proceedings - the Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation ...
2013 proceedings - the Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation ... 2013 proceedings - the Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation ...
Simulation Study: Impact of Customs and Check Points on Entity Flow in Seaports Mariam Kotachi Department of Engineering Management Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA Gaith Rabadi, PhD Department of Engineering Management Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA I. Introduction The main intermodal resources in the world since a long time are ports, where all the other kinds of transportation meet (ships, trucks and rail) to exchange cargo. The United States alone has 361 seaports which are the gateways for more than 80% of the foreign trade; the United States is the world’s largest importer and exporter [1]. The basic process in the ports starts by the arrival of ships trucks and rails. All cargo and containers get inspected upon arrival. Containers are then removed by cranes or other methods and sometimes exchanged by loaded or empty ones, loaded containers are either moved to storage area by straddle carriers or moved from one transportation method to another [2] [3]. Security measures and customs delays will significantly influence the port’s operations and might lead to spoiling schedules, longer queues and delays in flow of materials throughout the port. Government agencies including customs administrations and control have faced many challenges regarding managing the increasing growth trade, because they have to guarantee law compliances and facilitate lawful trades in the same time. In such cases, it is very hard to keep track of gatekeeping; it is not possible to manage the law compliances of 100 percent control of all transactions, because of all the fast growth of the international trade value and volume plus the limited resources of customs administrations. And because of that some of the new customs control systems follow selectivity approach and risk management [4]. Many researches have been conducted to perform safety measures on ports, by creating simulating models to anticipate the current situation in order to prevent delays and reduce cost. A study has been made about schedule loading operations in container terminals; the method integrates optimization algorithm and evaluation function of simulating model, the main events are: initializing container sequence according to some dispatching rule, then the sequence will be improved by genetic algorithm, and the objective function of a given scheduling scheme will be evaluated using simulation model. At the same time another model is designed to foresee objective function and to remove any probable poor solutions in order to decrease the simulations model running time. Many tests have proven that, scheduling problem of container terminals can be solved by simulation optimization methods [3]. Another popular port related study is the berth allocation problem, which is the assignment of quay space and service time to containers that need to be unloaded or loaded at the terminal. A study has been made to analyze the berth allocation under uncertain arrival time or operation time. It studies the proactive approach to develop an initial schedule that incorporates a degree of expectation of uncertainty during the schedules executions and also studies the reactive recovery strategy which adjusts the initial schedule to handle accurate situations with the lowest penalty cost of deviating from the initial schedule [5]. In the last couple of years it has been proven that modeling and simulation is the best method to help design an intact system that can be considered and looked at as a whole. Modeling and simulation is the best method in problem solving and investigating supply chain nodes, and has been used in many research papers to manage and design ports, terminals and containers [6]. This paper addresses any port in general, but mainly will focus on ports with some customs rules and intermodal node port in the transportation of network, where cargo changes modes of transportation from a ship to an inland transport mode and vice versa. Data will be collected and provided by the port’s management system, for the simulation model development and the result analysis, but will not be reported in this paper due to the confidential nature of such information. II. Methods
In this work a discrete event simulation model will be developed using Arena to model the movement of incoming/outgoing ships, containers, trucks and rails in a port and to evaluate the impact of customs, security checkpoints and inspections on the flow of the port. Also designing and developing the best approach to prevent any interruptions and expensive consequences. Simulated entities will include: ships, containers, trucks, rail, personnel, cranes and containers carriers. There will be flow of ships, trucks, rails, and the flow of loaded and empty containers among all three of different transportations modes. The resources in the model will be: cranes, straddle carriers, storage and security check points. The model will include the following processes: loading containers, unloading containers, getting containers coming in from the inland and from the sea check in the security check points and moving containers to storage areas. The proposed simulation will study different scenarios regarding the customs delays or security measures to understand their impact on the port progression. Example of some situations can be some of the following: Container storage spaces and policies Containers traffic movement throughout the port Queue lines for ships, trucks, rails and carriers Scheduling problems Berth allocation Proceedings of the 2009 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 2832- 2843 , 2009. [2] G. Rabadi, C. A. Pinto, W. Talley and J.-P. Arnaout, "Port recovery from security incidents: a simulation approach," Bichou, K, Bell, MGH and Evans, vol. Chapter 5, pp. 83-94, 2007. [3] Q. Zeng and Z. Yang, "Integrating simulation and optimization to schedule loading operations in container terminals," Computers & Operations Research, vol. 36, pp. 1935-1944, 2009. [4] J. Biljana and A. Trajkova, "Risk management and Customs performance improvements:The case of the Republic of Macedonia," Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol. 44 , p. 301 – 313, 2012 . [5] L. Zhen, L. H. Lee and E. P. Chew, "A decision model for berth allocation under uncertainty," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 212, no. 1, p. 54–68, 2011. [6] X.-l. Han , Z.-q. Lu and L.-f. Xi, "A proactive approach for simultaneous berth and quay crane scheduling problem with stochastic arrival and handling time," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 207, no. 3, pp. 1327-1340, 2010. III. Conclusions This paper is mainly concerned with designing a discrete event simulation model to find the impact of security check points and customs delays on the flow of entities in the port. Required data is to be collected and statistically analyzed to provide input distributions for arrival and service times as well as parameters for the different stations. In addition, output analysis will be conducted on the results and sensitivity analysis will be used to determine the impact of each parameter on the overall flow and to provide a platform for what-ifscenarios. References [1] T. G. Martagan, B. Eksioglu, S. D. Eksioglu and A. G. Greenwood, "A SIMULATION MODEL OF PORT OPERATIONS DURING CRISIS CONDITIONS,"
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In this work a discrete event simulation model will be<br />
developed using Arena to model <strong>the</strong> movement of<br />
incoming/outgoing ships, containers, trucks <strong>and</strong> rails in a<br />
port <strong>and</strong> to evaluate <strong>the</strong> impact of customs, security<br />
checkpoints <strong>and</strong> inspections on <strong>the</strong> flow of <strong>the</strong> port. Also<br />
designing <strong>and</strong> developing <strong>the</strong> best approach to prevent<br />
any interruptions <strong>and</strong> expensive consequences. Simulated<br />
entities will include: ships, containers, trucks, rail,<br />
personnel, cranes <strong>and</strong> containers carriers. There will be<br />
flow of ships, trucks, rails, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> flow of loaded <strong>and</strong><br />
empty containers among all three of different<br />
transportations modes. The resources in <strong>the</strong> model will<br />
be: cranes, straddle carriers, storage <strong>and</strong> security check<br />
points. The model will include <strong>the</strong> following processes:<br />
loading containers, unloading containers, getting<br />
containers coming in from <strong>the</strong> inl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> from <strong>the</strong> sea<br />
check in <strong>the</strong> security check points <strong>and</strong> moving containers<br />
to storage areas.<br />
The proposed simulation will study different<br />
scenarios regarding <strong>the</strong> customs delays or security<br />
measures to underst<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir impact on <strong>the</strong> port<br />
progression. Example of some situations can be some of<br />
<strong>the</strong> following:<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Container storage spaces <strong>and</strong> policies<br />
Containers traffic movement throughout <strong>the</strong> port<br />
Queue lines for ships, trucks, rails <strong>and</strong> carriers<br />
Scheduling problems<br />
Berth allocation<br />
Proceedings of <strong>the</strong> 2009 Winter <strong>Simulation</strong><br />
Conference, pp. 2832- 2843 , 2009.<br />
[2] G. Rabadi, C. A. Pinto, W. Talley <strong>and</strong> J.-P. Arnaout,<br />
"Port recovery from security incidents: a simulation<br />
approach," Bichou, K, Bell, MGH <strong>and</strong> Evans, vol.<br />
Chapter 5, pp. 83-94, 2007.<br />
[3] Q. Zeng <strong>and</strong> Z. Yang, "Integrating simulation <strong>and</strong><br />
optimization to schedule loading operations in<br />
container terminals," Computers & Operations<br />
Research, vol. 36, pp. 1935-1944, 2009.<br />
[4] J. Biljana <strong>and</strong> A. Trajkova, "Risk management <strong>and</strong><br />
Customs performance improvements:The case of <strong>the</strong><br />
Republic of Macedonia," Social <strong>and</strong> Behavioral<br />
Sciences, vol. 44 , p. 301 – 313, 2012 .<br />
[5] L. Zhen, L. H. Lee <strong>and</strong> E. P. Chew, "A decision model<br />
for berth allocation under uncertainty," European<br />
Journal of Operational Research, vol. 212, no. 1, p.<br />
54–68, 2011.<br />
[6] X.-l. Han , Z.-q. Lu <strong>and</strong> L.-f. Xi, "A proactive<br />
approach for simultaneous berth <strong>and</strong> quay crane<br />
scheduling problem with stochastic arrival <strong>and</strong><br />
h<strong>and</strong>ling time," European Journal of Operational<br />
Research, vol. 207, no. 3, pp. 1327-1340, 2010.<br />
III. Conclusions<br />
This paper is mainly concerned with designing a<br />
discrete event simulation model to find <strong>the</strong> impact of<br />
security check points <strong>and</strong> customs delays on <strong>the</strong> flow of<br />
entities in <strong>the</strong> port. Required data is to be collected <strong>and</strong><br />
statistically analyzed to provide input distributions for<br />
arrival <strong>and</strong> service times as well as parameters for <strong>the</strong><br />
different stations. In addition, output analysis will be<br />
conducted on <strong>the</strong> results <strong>and</strong> sensitivity analysis will be<br />
used to determine <strong>the</strong> impact of each parameter on <strong>the</strong><br />
overall flow <strong>and</strong> to provide a platform for what-ifscenarios.<br />
References<br />
[1] T. G. Martagan, B. Eksioglu, S. D. Eksioglu <strong>and</strong> A. G.<br />
Greenwood, "A SIMULATION MODEL OF PORT<br />
OPERATIONS DURING CRISIS CONDITIONS,"
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