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We recall how the early settlers in New England
kept Indian women and children as slaves, but disposed of
all the Indian men as too dangerous. The N. Y. Times, in
reporting new studies on Afrikan unemployment, said:
"...in addition to the men counted in the statistics
who have no jobs, about 15 to 20percent of black men aged
20 to 40 could not be found by the Census Bureau and
are presumed to have neither jobs nor permanent
residences ... more than half of black adult males do not
have jobs. " (16)
The jobless rate for New Afrikan men in the U.S.
is adjusting toward the usual world level, the 40-50% seen
in Mexico City or Kinshasha. Thus, the growing integration
of the entire Third World into the U.S. economy is increasing
national dislocation and misery.
a plant MI by Colgate-Paknollve in Kingston, JPndca
The Export of Production
The unoccupied zone of Mexico, just south of the
artificial border, provides a clear example. There in 1982
some 128,000 Mexicano women labored in the maquilas,
the factories set up by U.S. corporations to assemble parts
from the U.S. into finished products, which are then shipped
back north across the artificial border. The average
wage is less than $1 an hour, with a 48-hour workweek.
RCA, Caterpillar Tractor, Ford, Chrysler, American
Motors and many other major corporations have maquilas.
GM has ten such plants in the unoccupied zone.
Foster Grant sunglasses, Samsonite luggage, Matte1 toys
and many other familiar products come in part out of the
maquilas. (17)
The rate of profit is enormous. In 1978 the Mexicano
women assemblers and machine-operators in the maquilas
added a total of $12.7 billion in value to the products
they made for U.S. corporations. At the same time,
total wages paid to the then 90,000 workers were less than
$336 million (roughly 1/36th of the value they created).
These profits of billions of dollars each year never even
pass through neo-colonial Mexico, of course. The U.S. oppressor
nation receives a flow of inexpensively-produced
consumer and industrial goods, U.S. finance capital and
the multinationals are aided in shoring up their rate of profits,
while a shrinking number of Euro-Amerikan workers
are still enabled to receive their necessary high wages.
While everyone understands instantly the
unemployment problem caused by corporations moving
their factories abroad, there is much less light shed on how
some Euro-Amerikan workers benefit from it. To be sure,
every trade-union favors full factory employment with
$20,000 per year wages (average U.S. wages for manufacturing
production workers are slightly above $16,000 per
year). Those days are gone forever, the monetary fruits of
"boom" economy and monopoly markets. Now, for at
least some Euro-Amerikan workers to retain those highwage
jobs (and the bosses to still profitably use U.S. factories
with considerable capital invested in them), labor
costs have to be "averaged down" by blending in superexploited
colonial labor.
American Motors, for example, says this explicitly:
An AMC spokesman said: "We established a strategy
to continue to operate U. S. plants, but to expand in Mexico
to average our cost downward. " Fisher-Price has five
toy factories in the U.S., but its Mexican plant - the
smallest - produced the toy tape recorder that was their
No. 1 profit-maker in 1982. Reason? Dollar an hour
wages.
Or take GM's modernization to compete with imports.
Recently General Motors announced a $200 million
plan to frankly imitate "Toyota City" (Toyota's primary,
highly-integrated complex in Japan). GM hopes that
reorganization and robotizing its main Buick plants into a
"Buick City" in Flint, Michigan, will let it reduce costs by
$1,500 per car. Of course, today's 8,600 Buick workers in
Flint will be slashed by 3,600 (40%) by 1986. GM, which
even now employs oneskilled technician for every 5.6 production
workers, hopes for the ratio to be one-to-one by
the robotized future of year 2000. Many auto workers will
lose their jobs, but a large minority will still have their
high-wage positions.
Where does GM get the $200 million to modernize
Buick production, to stay competitive (and, incidental to
that. still em~lov high-wage Euro-Arnerikan workers)?
~hae GM might sai ''reTained earnings" or "raisirig
capital on the bond market," we note that the labor costs
saved by OM in producing some auto parts for the U.S. in
its 10 Mexican plants instead of Detroit, is over $200
million per year. That is not their profits, but their superprofits,
above and beyond normal profits, gotten from $1
an hour labor. GM can have renewed factories, and a
number of Euro-Amerikan auto workers can still keep
their high-wage jobs.
So while the liberals and radicals see high-wage
U.S. production and low-wage colonial production as opposed
to each other, it is truer that there is an interrelationship
and even a dependency. The flashy production of
robots and automation, of oppressor nation technicians
and workers drawing advanced wages, draws sustenence
from the ordinary physical labor and skills of the Mexicano
proletariat. "Nations become almost as classes."
139 (18)