DC NCBearing FAN - Global WIN Technology
DC NCBearing FAN - Global WIN Technology
DC NCBearing FAN - Global WIN Technology
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
<strong>WIN</strong> <strong>WIN</strong> <strong>WIN</strong> philosophy of CEO, Andy Lin<br />
A good example, the tree, to explain the relationship and interaction among the customers, <strong>Global</strong><strong>WIN</strong><br />
and vendors: The customers are the leaves, <strong>Global</strong><strong>WIN</strong> is the trunk and the vendors are the roots. Each of<br />
them have their own functions and rely on each other to survive. The only way to blossom and bear fruit<br />
is all these three parties must be growing heathly, <strong>WIN</strong> <strong>WIN</strong> <strong>WIN</strong>.<br />
The disadvanges of the current bearings:<br />
Ball bearing:<br />
1. Can NOT survive on the following conditions:<br />
Droping or shocking, high humidity, water,<br />
acid, alkali, high temperature, low temperature<br />
and RPM > 10000.<br />
2. Too many grades, hard to guarantee the even of<br />
the quality(It’s no way to keep all of the metal<br />
balls inside the caves are the same size with<br />
really round.)<br />
3. More noisy, longer lead time.<br />
4. Higher price.<br />
Sleeve bearing:<br />
1. Easy to wear and tear, much shorter life.<br />
2. Easy to stick the shaft caused by the thermal<br />
expansion under high speed rotating or high<br />
temperature conditions.<br />
3. Can NOT survive on the following conditions:<br />
High humidity, water, acid, alkali, high<br />
temperature, low temperature and RPM ><br />
10000.<br />
It the time to adopt NCB(Nano Ceramic Bearing).<br />
NCB is a kind of unique ceramic which is oxide of a very special element – Zr.<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
Comparison among the ZrO2 and other materials:<br />
Material<br />
Bronze<br />
ZrO2<br />
Steel<br />
Diamond<br />
Density(g/cm3) 8.1 5.6 7.8 3.5<br />
Hardness(Hv) 240 1160 560 9000<br />
Tensile<br />
270 - 1760 2600<br />
Strenth(Mpa)<br />
C.T.E.(10 -6 /℃) 20 3.0~8.3 11.2~<br />
0.8~4.8<br />
14.3<br />
Conductivity,<br />
62 25 50 600~1200<br />
K(W/mK)<br />
Bending<br />
- 186 - -<br />
Force(Mpa)<br />
Friction Coefficient 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.05~0.1<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
Characters of ZrO2:<br />
ZrO2<br />
Average refractive index (n) 2.2<br />
Melting point (℃) 2850<br />
C.T.E. (10-6/ ℃) 3.0~8.3<br />
Sintering temperature (℃) (15 mol%) 1700<br />
Pressure (kg/cm2) 10<br />
Sintering temperature (℃) (6 mol%) 1350~1450<br />
Density (g/cm3) 5.56~6.1<br />
Hardness (Hv) 1000~1500<br />
Physics characteristics of ZrO2:<br />
1. Anti-very high temperature and very low Coefficient of<br />
Thermal Expansion(C.T.E.)<br />
2. Excellent electric insulation.<br />
3. Very high hardness, very hard to wear and tear.<br />
4. Excellent Anti-pressure, anti-oxidation and anti-corroded<br />
5. With elasticity – Anti-shock , hard to break.<br />
1. The feature of the ZrO2 nanometer power:<br />
Reduce the sintering temperature, enhance the binding strength and hardness.<br />
Crystal (primary particle) size analysis by TEM<br />
SEM analysis of 2nd particle<br />
Particle of the ZrO2 power<br />
Comparison between the NCB and traditional ZrO2<br />
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* NCB = Nano-Ceramic Bearing<br />
<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
Features<br />
NCB Traditional ZrO 2<br />
Sintering temp. (℃) 1350~1450 1500~1700 Higher dimension variation<br />
Density(g/cm 3 ) 6.07 5.9<br />
Hardness(Hv) 1340 1160 Higher friction<br />
Bending strength (MPa) 1210 800 Low tension strength<br />
Destruction Strength (MPam 0.5 ) 49 8 Easy to crack<br />
Crystalline Grain (μm) < 0.3 60 Low toughness<br />
Color<br />
White/Shining<br />
Beige/Rough<br />
Dim<br />
Toughness<br />
Good<br />
Bad<br />
Fragile<br />
The advantage of the <strong>NCBearing</strong>:<br />
1. Very hard to wear and tear, long life, low noise, anti-shock.<br />
2. Suitable for the following conditions: Droping or shocking,<br />
high humidity, water, high temperature, low temperature and<br />
RPM < 20000.<br />
Excellent electric insulation.<br />
3.Anti severe conditions like acid, alkali, pressure, oxidation and<br />
corroded<br />
4. Reduce the thickness of the fan.<br />
5. Cost down, good quality.<br />
6. Mated with X particle lubricant.:<br />
A. Never dry out under 200 degree C.<br />
B. Much lower noise.<br />
C. Much higher life.<br />
Properties<br />
Temp.<br />
Grease<br />
Oil<br />
Viscosity(cST)<br />
20℃ 1600 261<br />
ASTM D445<br />
40℃ 440 55<br />
100℃ 42 10<br />
Density(g/ml) 0℃ 1.95 1.9<br />
100℃ 1.78 1.75<br />
Max. Volatility % in<br />
66℃ - -<br />
22Hrs D972<br />
121℃ - 0.1<br />
204℃
<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
NCB have passed customers life test.<br />
Fan Model<br />
8025-CS<br />
(2400rpm)<br />
L10 (at 25℃) 184,006<br />
APPLE INTEL COMPAQ<br />
L10 (at 40℃) 87,267 40,000<br />
L10 (at 55℃) 44,310 40,000<br />
MTTF (at 50℃) 134,854 100,000<br />
Noise level: NCB is better than Ball bearing<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
Structure and life span comparison between Ball Bearing and <strong>NCBearing</strong>:<br />
X particle lubricant oil<br />
NCB<br />
Ball Bearing<br />
Material Nanometer Ceramic Steel<br />
Structure Single unit Assembly Components :<br />
• outer ring • ball fixer<br />
• inner ring • O-ring<br />
• iron ball • Washer<br />
Assembly<br />
0 ≧ 0.01mm<br />
tolerance<br />
Operating way Friction interface: X particle lubricant<br />
Contact area: line .<br />
X particle diameter
<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
• Anti severe conditions like wet, water, and reduce the life span quickly.<br />
acid, alkali, shock, vibration, oxidation No way to work under severe conditions<br />
and corroded<br />
ike: wet, water, acid, alkali, shock, vibration,<br />
• Tiny assembly gap to reduce the shaft oxidation and corroded.<br />
tilting angle.<br />
Much higher shaft tilt angle due to<br />
point contact of iron ball.<br />
4 Series to meet 4 different applications:<br />
NCB+SS : CS Series RPM less than 4,000 to replace Ball/Sleeve bearing<br />
NCB+NCS<br />
: CC Series RPM less than 7,000 to replace 2 Ball bearing<br />
NCB+NID + SS : NS series RPM less than 10,000 to replace 2 Ball bearing<br />
NCB+NID + NCS + NOD : NN series RPM less than 20,000 for very special application<br />
NCB: Nanometer Ceramic Bearing<br />
SS : Steel Shaft<br />
NID : Nanometer Inner Diameter<br />
NCS : Nanometer Ceramic Shaft<br />
NOD : Nanometer Outer Diameter<br />
New Century Bearing ?<br />
Nanometer Ceramic Bearing ! ------- NCB<br />
Assessment of Cooling Fan Functions<br />
A. How to select a suitable cooling fan<br />
The need for forced-air cooling should be determined at an early stage in system design. It is important<br />
that the design plans for good airflow to heat-generating components and also allows adequate space<br />
and power for cooling fan. Factors to be considered in fan selection include: required airflow, AC or<br />
<strong>DC</strong> power, voltage, speed, life expectancy, heat dissipation, impedance protected and audible noise.<br />
The airflow required can be obtained a equation for calculation<br />
where<br />
Q = Airflow required in cfm(ft 3 /min)<br />
W =Heat dissipated in Watts<br />
Tc = Allowable Temperature rise in ℃ (Tc = T1-T2)<br />
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Q = 1.76W / Tc
<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
For example, 32cfm of airflow is required for a system that dissipates 200w and allow a 11℃<br />
temperature rise.<br />
B. Measuring Airflow and Static Pressure<br />
An AMCA Standard 210 double chamber is used to accurately measure air volume and static pressure.<br />
List of Equations and Variable<br />
Q : Air Volume = 60‧C‧π/4‧D 2 = M2g/r‧Pn(m 3 /min)<br />
C : Coefficient of nozzle air volume<br />
D : Diameter of nozzle(m)<br />
r : Air Density = 1.293 *<br />
T: Temperature (℃)<br />
P : Air Pressure (mm H2O)<br />
Pn : Different pressure of air volume(mm H2O)<br />
Ps : Static Pressure (mm H2O)<br />
g : 9.8m/sec 2<br />
Maximum static pressure and maximum air volume measurements must be taken separately,<br />
Maximum Static Pressure Measurement: When the nozzle is closed, the pressure in chamber A will<br />
reach a maximum. The pressure difference Ps represents the maximum static pressure achievable by<br />
the fan.<br />
Maximum Air Volume Measurement: The nozzle is opened and the auxiliary blowers is used to<br />
lower the pressure in chamber A to Ps=0. The<br />
maximum air volume can then be calculated using<br />
Pn, D and the air volume equation above. Q<br />
represents the maximum achievable airflow with the<br />
fan in free air.<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
C. System Impedance & System Operating Point<br />
The performance of a fan in a specific application is determined by the intersection of the Device<br />
Characteristic Curve and the fan Characteristic Curve. The Fan Characteristic Curve is explained in the<br />
MEASURING AIRFLOW AND STATIC PRESSURE section. The Device Characteristic Curve is a<br />
property inherent to an individual electronics enclosure. It describes how air will flow through the<br />
enclosure given its particular obstacles and internal resistance. Resistance can be changed in the<br />
airflow or chambers that the air must flow through.<br />
The flow resistance is roughly proportional to the<br />
square of the volumetric flow rate. As a result, the<br />
graph of static Pressure vs. airflow is parabolic for the<br />
enclosure. This curve can easily be generated<br />
experimentally, by testing the enclosure pressure at<br />
various airflow rates<br />
The intersection of cooling fan performance curve and system resistance curve is the system operating<br />
point. This is the determining factor in your selection of cooling fan. The higher the system operating<br />
point means the higher of total heat dissipation efficiency of the cooling fan and the device.<br />
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D. Acoustic Noise Level<br />
Noise is tested in accordance with ISO-3745<br />
and ANSI 12.35 in an echo-free room with<br />
background noise level at less than 15dBA. The<br />
testing cooling fan runs without interference.<br />
The noise meter is 1 meter away from air<br />
entrance and in 90 degree to the fan. The test<br />
result is depicted by Sound Pressure Level<br />
frequency band in dBA.<br />
E. Fan Bearing System<br />
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D. The output of 3 rd wire signal<br />
Rotation Detector Function<br />
<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
Frequency Generator Function<br />
E. Special Function<br />
Thermal Control<br />
It needs a fan that enable air flow to change with the actual operating temperature, which under the<br />
pre-requisition of system heat dissipating effect, the RPM is reduced when the fan sensed the drop of<br />
actual operating temperature (as well as the air flow) and the noise level will drop comparatively.<br />
Humidity and Wet Resistance<br />
When working in dirty, dusty or high humid environment, a cooling fan capable to sustain pressure and<br />
meeting heat dissipation requirements of customers is required. Products we offered are all meeting<br />
IEC IP-5.4 specifications.<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
High Temperature Resistance<br />
For the demanding high temperature application environment of customers, we offer products under<br />
the following specification to satisfy customers’ needs.<br />
<strong>DC</strong> <strong>FAN</strong> -10 ~ 90℃ max (Operating Temp)<br />
AC <strong>FAN</strong> –10 ~ 1800℃ max (Operating Temp)<br />
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)<br />
It’s quite essential to provide the computer steady and sufficient power source. However it will have<br />
power loss and generate the heat during the the power transmitting on the output . Traditional linear<br />
output provide the continuous voltage but it will create the power loss issue too and waste a lot of<br />
energy. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is a advance technoloty to combine digital and analog<br />
circuit advantages to provide a steady , sufficient and less energy loss power source. It also prolong<br />
the battery life span.<br />
Heat Resistance Test of CPU Cooler<br />
IN the past, the heat resistance test of CPU Cooler need to be conducted on real computer main<br />
unit .But it is difficult to obtain the latest model CPU, Mother Board and the peripherals and it is<br />
impossible to design and test for future market demand. This problem is solved with Dummy Heater<br />
Simulator.<br />
System Installation<br />
Test Cabinet System Environment Simulation<br />
Test Cabinet simulates the computer main unit, is designed<br />
to be a cube and installed a heater at the air entrance<br />
to simulate the heating element of the computer main unit<br />
and allows the control of environment temperature in the<br />
cabinet , At the 4 corners of test cabinet and the 1cm above<br />
the test fin are fitted with a thermocouple to monitor the<br />
temperature inside the cabinet, The bottom is covered with<br />
a layer of insulating plate to ensure the heat of the Dummy<br />
Heater is totally brought out by the fin and the fan.<br />
Simulation of CPU fastener pressure<br />
In addition to fixing, fan fastener can keep the fin fit to CPU closely to maximize the heat transmitting<br />
effect. In the test cabinet , it is consisted with pressure gauge and supporting system, which can easily<br />
be fitted with different fins and fans and adjust to different pressure ,without affecting the intake<br />
airflow of fan.<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
CPU (Heater) Simulation<br />
Dummy Heater is consisted of heating tungsten coil (simulating IC of CPU),conducting copper<br />
block (simulating the packaging of CPU),thermocouple and insulating material, The power factor<br />
can be find from multiplying the input voltage with current, PD=1‧V.<br />
Thermocouple is placed at the center of copper block, the temperature measured T dummy represents<br />
the temperature of CPU, which is covered with insulating material to ensure that the heat is<br />
transmitted from the surface of copper block..<br />
Calculation of Heat Resistance<br />
RD = Rcopper + Rcooler - ----------- (1)<br />
RD = (Tdummy – Tambient ) / PD ------------- (2)<br />
Rcopper = X / KA ------------- (3)<br />
PD : Dummy Heater Simulate the input power of CPU (W)<br />
RD : The total heat resistance measured from Dummy Heater(℃/W)<br />
Rcopper : Heat Resistance of Copper Block (℃/W)<br />
Rcooler : Heat Resistance of Fin (℃/W)<br />
Tdummy :Central temperature of Dummy Heater(℃)<br />
Tanbient : Environmental temperature inside the test cabinet.(℃)<br />
X : Thickness of cooper block(x=1mm)<br />
K : Thermal conductive co-efficiency of copper block.(k=61W/m℃)<br />
A : Area Heating Piece(19x18mm 2 )<br />
The temperature signal received by thermal couple at various points of test cabinet is transmitted to<br />
computer program via PLC. From equation (2), we can find the heat resistance of fins Rcooler,<br />
but the real CPU packaging and the contact area of fins may be different from the copper block ,This<br />
can be corrected by equations(1) and (3).Assuming the actual contacting area is 11x9mm,then the heat<br />
resistance of Rcooler,11x9 and Rcooler,19x18 can be calculated from (3). Then from (1)RD = RD,19x18 –<br />
Rcooper,19x18 + Rcooper,11x9 there will be real heat resistance at the actual application. All the testing results<br />
will be saved in database and is referable at any time.<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
Hard Forged Quality<br />
Our Quality Manifestation<br />
Excellent Design<br />
Starting from ”Meeting Customers’ Needs”, we make innovation and development in the R&D and<br />
design of products, and we target at “offering quality products with most reasonable price”, so to<br />
mark our products the best choice of all customers,<br />
Perfect Quality<br />
“ Any tiny defect to us is like a grain of sand in our eyes-totally unacceptable.” This is the belief<br />
insisted by QA Team of GW. We believe, only quality attracts customers. To maintain our products<br />
in high quality invested in ‘Pro/Engineer’- a high-end design program as a principal design tool for<br />
our development group, which may continuously to satisfy the request of high quality products and<br />
synchronize with the whole world.<br />
Customers Satisfaction<br />
“Customer satisfied service and quality” is management philosophy of GW. We hold it that only<br />
100% satisfaction of customers is the way to sustained operation of GW. We expect to help building<br />
the business of customers, assisting customers in marketing products with our perfect services and<br />
quality.<br />
Design Quality Monitoring<br />
Design Quality Monitoring<br />
(1) Testing airflow, air pressure and noise at the design stage of vans and shell to optimize the product<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
features and to satisfy customers’ needs.<br />
(2) Testing locked temperature rise, Ambient<br />
temperature 72 hours ON/OFF warming<br />
verification and reverse protection test, to<br />
verify the reliability of circuit design.<br />
(3) The testing instruments at this stage are:<br />
Trial Stage<br />
(1) After completing mold test, quality<br />
verification of trial stage against the dimension of injection products and structural strength of<br />
assembled products.<br />
(2) The test items and instruments used in this stage are as the following<br />
Pilot stage<br />
(1) AT the pilot production of production line,<br />
control is applied to the rpm and current<br />
characteristics of products<br />
(2) Conduct Ambient Temperature/Ceiling<br />
working voltage ON/OFF/ 24 hours warming verification on all pilot products.<br />
(3) Test items and instrument used at this stage<br />
Mean Time To Failure of Cooling Fan<br />
1. Expression of reliability<br />
(1) λ(Rate of Failure) : Means the possible rate of failure of product within an unit period of time,<br />
which is the reverse of MTTF.<br />
(2) MTBF : (Mean Time Between Failure), mean Time Between Failures means the average<br />
interval of failure after a period of service.<br />
(3) MTTF: Mean Time To Failure means the average life of product from start to totally breakdown.<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
Generally, MTTF stresses more on the failure that is un-repairable and product is disposed at<br />
failure (does not worth to repair). From the basic definition, it is similar to MTBF, but<br />
difference is MTBF means repairable failure. But the cooling fan does not worth to repair after<br />
failure, so MTTF is more applicable.<br />
(4) L10 : Means the period of time products accumulated to the 10% failure rate.<br />
(5) Relationship between MTTF and L10 : MTTF value is 9.5 times of L10<br />
2. Estimate of MTBF<br />
Generally the real MTTF of products on the market<br />
cannot be calculated, so the MTTF is estimated<br />
under simulated use environment with random<br />
sampling and statistical theory. However, if the<br />
products had to run to breakdown at each test, it<br />
would not meet the market demand as far as the<br />
time consumption is concerned. Therefore,<br />
MIL-HDBK-217F specification is based with<br />
Arrhenius Model accelerated Test Mode theory to<br />
increase environment stress to accelerate the aging<br />
of product and to shorten the test time as well as<br />
estimate the Mean Time To Failure.<br />
3. Accelerating Test Mode for Mean Time To Failure Forecast (Arrhenius Model)<br />
A = exp{(ΔH/K)*[(1/T field)-(1/T test)]}<br />
A : Accelerating Multitude<br />
exp : Natural Logarithm = 2.713<br />
ΔH : (ev) Vitality Energy<br />
K : Boltzman Constant<br />
T field : Normal Stress Environment Temperature<br />
T test : Demanding (Test) Stress Environment Temperature<br />
Environment Tests for Cooling Fan<br />
The reliability of cooling fan may be worsened by environment stresses like temperature, humidity and<br />
vibration during the uses, transportation and in storage. Against these, GW conducts tests against the<br />
environment stresses that could cause the deterioration of cooling fans.<br />
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<strong>DC</strong> <strong>NCBearing</strong> <strong>FAN</strong><br />
1. Temperature: Mechanical stress caused by high, low<br />
temperature or the cycling temperatures tends to<br />
cause spontaneous failure, invite chemical reaction<br />
and change the performance and the temperature<br />
characteristics of materials and parts. They would<br />
lead to change in the parameter change of cooling<br />
fan characteristics, and expansion increases the<br />
wearing of bearing system. GW conducts following<br />
tests against environment stresses from<br />
temperatures.<br />
(1) High Temperature Storage Test<br />
(2) Low Temperature Storage Test<br />
(3) Low Temperature Running Test<br />
(4) Cold Started Test<br />
(5) Temperature Circling Test<br />
2. Humidity Test : High humidity reduces insulation or pressure resistance and wet absorption causes<br />
corrosion of material or increase the current leaking and expansion increases the stress of packing<br />
material and cause the deterioration of cooling fan. GW conducts High Temperature and Humidity<br />
Tests against the humid environment.<br />
3. Vibration Shock Test : GW conducts environment tests for<br />
vibration and shock on all newly developed products.<br />
Vibration tests can verify the level of deterioration of<br />
mechanical function, while Shock Test can verify the<br />
structural strength of cooling fan.<br />
4. Safety Test :<br />
Against the<br />
damage caused<br />
by the<br />
abnormal use<br />
of cooling fan due to incorrect manner of application<br />
of users, GW conducted simulation tests, such as<br />
Locked Test and Reversed Apply Protection Test,<br />
ect.<br />
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● : Standard<br />
○ : Option<br />
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