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Quantum physics (quantum theory, quantum mechanics)

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QM : Heisenberg<br />

• Heisenberg’s “matrix <strong>mechanics</strong>”<br />

(Werner Heisenberg, 1925)<br />

o Matrix <strong>mechanics</strong> consists of an array of quantities<br />

which when appropriately manipulated give the<br />

observed frequencies and intensities of spectral lines.<br />

o Physical observables (e.g. momentum, position,..) are<br />

“operators” -- represented by matrices<br />

o The set of eigenvalues of the matrix representing an<br />

observable is the set of all possible values that could<br />

arise as outcomes of experiments conducted on a<br />

system to measure the observable.<br />

o Shown to be equivalent to wave <strong>mechanics</strong> by<br />

Erwin Schrödinger (1926)<br />

6

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