Quantum physics (quantum theory, quantum mechanics)

Splitting of atomic energy levels
B 0 B 0
m = +1
m = 0
m = -1
(2l+1) states with same
energy: m=-l,…+l
B ≠ 0: (2l+1) states with
distinct energies
Predictions: should always get an odd number of
levels. An s state (such as the ground state of
hydrogen, n=1, l=0, m=0) should not be split.
Splitting was observed by Zeeman
(Hence the name
“magnetic quantum
number” for m.)
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