Awra Amba RJ 300612 EN - Contacter un comité local d'Attac

Robert Joumard is emeritus senior scientist (Ifsttar), in Bron, France.
Contact: robert.joumard@laposte.net
Summary
This is a review of the available literature on the Ethiopian utopian community of Awra Amba, i.e.
mainly of four master reports and secondly of news reports and accounts. It allows us to show the
troubled historic evolution of this community founded in 1972 by a small group of illiterate peasants
around one of them. Then, we present the values – honesty, equality, solidarity, rationalism – which
are founding the community and are at the heart of its pattern of living. Next we present the social
organization of this village of 400 inhabitants, through its institutions, economic activities, gender
equality, especially at work, marriage, solidarity between members and especially with the elders,
children activities, funeral and management of internal conflicts. Finally, we look in depth at
education, which is a priority for the community, and at the relationships with neighbouring
communities, authorities and generally Ethiopians, as well as foreigners. In conclusion, we focus on
some dangers for the future development of this experiment full of lessons.
አጭር መግለጫ
አውራ አምባ፡ ወቅታዊው ኅብረተ ሰብአዊ አንዋንዋር፡፡
ይህ ጥናት ኢትዮጵያ ውስጥ የሚገኘው ምኞታዊው አውራ አምባ ኅብርተ ሰብን በሚመለከት ተጽፈው የሚገኙትን ልዩ ልዩ ጽሁፎች ፥
ማለትም በተለይ አራት የማስተሬት ምርምሮችንና በተጨማሪም የተለያዩ ዘገባዎችንና ምስክሮችን ያቀነባበረ ነው ። ይህም በ1972 ዓ/ም
በጥቂት አርሶ አደሮች የተጠነሰሰውን የአውራ አምባ ኅብርተ ሰብን ታሪካዊ ሂደት ለማብራራት ይረዳል ። በመቀጠል የአውራ አምባን
ባህልና ዋና መሠረት የሆኑትን ፡ ማለትም ሀቀኝነት እኩልነት ትብብርና አስተዋይነትን እናቀርባለን ። ከዚያም በኋላ ይህ 400 ነዋሪ ያለው
መንደር ኅብርተ ሰቡን በምን አይነት መልኩ እንዳቀናጀ የምናሳየው ፥ ተቋማቱን፡ የኢኮኖሚ እንቅስቃሴውን፡ ሴቶችና ወንዶች በተለይ
በሥራ መስክ ላይ የሚያሳዩትን እኩልነት፡ የጋብቻ ስርአቱን፡ የኅብርተ ሰቡን ትብብርና ለአዛውንቶች የሚሰጠውን ልዩ እንክብካቤ፡
የልጆችን ሥራና ግዴታ፡ የቀብር ሥርአቱንና በኅብረ ሰቡ ውስጥ የሚከሰተውን ችግር አፈታት እየገለጽን ይሆናል ። በመጨረሻም ለኅብርተ
ሰቡ አንጋፋ ለሆነው ለትምህርትና ፡ እንዲሁም አካባቢያቸው ከሚገኙት ብኄረ ሰቦች ከባለሥልጣናትም ሆነ ባጠቃላይ ከኢትዮጵያን ጋርና
ከውጭ ሀገር ዜጎች ጋር ላላቸው ግንኙነት ልዩ የሆነ ትኩረት እንሰጠዋለን ። በመደምደሚያም ይህ ከፍተኛ ትምህርት የሚሰጥ አኗኗር ፡
በሂደቱ ላይ ሊደርስበት የሚችለውን አንድ አንድ ችግር እንጠቁማለን ።
Résumé
Awra Amba, une expérience actuelle de socialisme utopique.
Cette étude est une synthèse de la littérature disponible sur la communauté idéale éthiopienne d'Awra
Amba, c'est-à-dire essentiellement de quatre rapports de master et secondairement de reportages et
témoignages. Cela permet de rapporter l'évolution historique tourmentée de cette communauté créée
en 1972 par un petit groupe de paysans analphabètes autour de l'un des leurs. Nous présentons
ensuite les valeurs – honnêteté, égalité, solidarité, rationalisme – qui fondent la communauté et sont
au cœur de son mode de vie. Puis nous présentons l'organisation sociale de ce village de 400
habitants, à travers ses institutions, ses activités économiques, l'égalité des sexes notamment dans le
travail, le mariage, la solidarité entre membres et notamment envers les plus vieux, les activités des
enfants, les funérailles et la gestion des conflits internes. Enfin nous portons une attention
particulière à l'éducation qui est une priorité pour la communauté, ainsi qu'aux relations avec les
communautés voisines, les autorités et les Éthiopiens en général, ainsi qu'avec les étrangers. Nous
pointons en conclusion quelques risques pour le développement futur de cette expérience riche
d'enseignements.
Acknowledgements
We thank Senait Degife for her help in Ethiopia, Ayalew Gebre, from Addis Ababa University, for
his help in the literature research, Hayat Omar for the translation into Amharic, and Menouèr
Boughedaoui and Claudine Crespo for their specific help.
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