International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management

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Reed-Smith, J. (Ed.), 2001. North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis) Husbandry Manual, 2 nd Edition. John Ball Zoo, Grand Rapids, Michigan 2001. Reed-Smith, J. (Ed.), 1994-1995. North American River (Lontra canadensis) Otter Husbandry Notebook. John Ball Zoo, Grand Rapids, Michigan 2001. Rosas, F.; Zuanon J.A.S.; Carter, S. 1999. Feeding Ecology of the Giant Otter, Pteronura brasiliensis. Biotropica 31(3) : 502 – 506, 1999. Salvo Souza, R. and Best, R. 1982. Unpublished Report. Contribuicao sobre o comportamento da ariranha (Pteronura brasiliensis Gmelin 1788) em cativeiro*. Mamiferos Aquaticos INPA, Manus. AM. *Contribuicao no. 34 da Divisao de Mamiferos Aquaticos, INPA Manaus. Schenck, C; Staib, E.; and Storch, I. 2003. Giant Otters in the Peruvian Rainforest: Linking Protected Area Conditions to Species Needs. In “Landscape Ecology and Resource Management – Linking Theory with Practice. (Bissonette, J. and Storch, I. eds.); Island Press. Schenck, C., Staib E. 1994. Giant Otter – a giant under even bigger pressure; München 1994 Schenck, C. 1996. Vorkommen, Habitatnutzung und Schutz des Riesenotters (Pteronura brasiliensis) in Peru. Shaker Verlag, Munich. Schenck, C. and Staib, E., Storch I. 1997. Domestic animal disease risks for Peruvian Giant Otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) IUCN Veterinary Specialist Group Newsletter, No. 14, p. 7-8. Schenck, C.; Staib, E. and Yasseri, A. M. 1995. Unterwasserlaute bei Riesenottern (Pteronura brasiliensis); Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde 60 (1995) 310-313. Gustav Fischer, Jena. Schenck, C. and Staib, E. 1998. Status, habitat use and conservation of giant otters in Peru In: DUNSTONE N, GORMAN M.: Behaviour and Ecology of Riparian Mammals; Cambridge University Press, 359-370. SeaWorld/Busch Gardens Animal Information Database www.seaworld.org / www.buschgardens.org Shackley, M., 1996. Giant Otters at Karanambu. Unpublished; 13 pp. Skeldon, P. C., 1961. Brazilian Giant Otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) at Toledo Zoo. Int. Zoo Yrbk. 3:30-31. Smeeton, C. Otter Management at the Cochrane Ecological Institute. In: North American River Otter Husbandry Manual, 2 nd Edition. Reed-Smith, J. (Ed.), John Ball Zoo, Grand Rapids, Michigan 2001. Staib, E. 2002. Öko-Ethologie von Riesenottern (Pteronura brasiliensis) in Peru. Aachen: Shaker 2002. Staib, E. and Schenck, C. 1994. Giant Otter…A giant under even bigger pressure. Wildbiologische Gesellschaft, Munich and Frankfurt Zoological Society, Frankfurt. Staib, E. 1995. Social behavior and ecology of the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) in Peru. In: Habitat Arbeitsberichte der Aktion Fischotterschutz e.V.. Proceedings VI. International 274
Otter Colloquium Pietermaritzburg 1993 (C. Reuther and D. Rowe-Rowe, eds.). GN-Gruppe Naturschutz GmbH: Hankensbuttel. Sykes, S. Historical reproductive and rearing success of giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) in zoos: Overview of management techniques. Poster-board presentation at IUCN Otter Specialist Group; VII International Otter Colloquium Trebon, Czech Republic, March 14-19, 1998. Sykes, S. "Historical census, management, and rearing success of giant otters (P. brasiliensis) in zoos: Need for an international studbook." Lecture for "Genealogical Meeting on Giant Otters in Captivity in Brazil", Jardim Zoologico de Brasília, Brazil: Dec. 2-4,1998. Sykes, S. 1997-1999. "South American Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) Husbandry, Management, and Historical Census Survey." Zoological Society of Philadelphia, PA, USA. Unpublished report. Sykes, S. 1998/2002. Historical Reproductive and Rearing Success of Giant Otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) in Zoos. In: Proceedings VIIth International Otter Colloquium March 14-19, 1998. (Eds. Dulfer, R.; Conroy, J.; Nel J.; Gutleb, A.) IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bull. 19A / 2002. Sykes-Gatz, S. 2000. “Giant otters (P. brasiliensis) in zoos: An overview and need for an international studbook.” Lecture for “Symposium-Haltung und Zucht des Riesenotters (P. brasiliensis)”, 17.06.00. Dortmund Zoo, Germany. Sykes-Gatz, S. 2000. "Giant otters (P. brasiliensis) in zoos: An overview and need for an international studbook." Lecture for "Symposium-Haltung und Zucht des Riesenotters (P. brasiliensis)", 17.06.00. Dortmund Zoo, Germany. Sykes-Gatz, S. 2001. Husbandry and Management of the Giant Otter (Pteronura brasiliensis). Münster: Schüling, 2001, ISBN 3-930962-03-9; 30 pp. Sykes-Gatz, S. (in process). Pteronura brasiliensis in Captivity/Studbook: An International Historical Overview and Management Recommendations. For: Otters: An Action Plan for their Conservation. International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), Otter Specialist Group, Otter in Captivity, Sub-chapter 2.6.11. Sykes-Gatz, S. 2002. Unpublished report. “Giant Otter Breeding Success Update: With Focus on Dortmund Zoo.” Dortmund Zoo, Germany. Sykes-Gatz, S., 2000-2003. Unpublished report. “Observations of Temporarily Separated Familiar and Unfamiliar Giant Otter Introductions at Dortmund Zoo.” Dortmund Zoo, Germany. Sykes-Gatz, S., 1999-2002. Unpublished report. “Observations of Giant Otter Parent Rearing Behaviors and Cub Development at Dortmund Zoo: Reactions to Human Disturbances.” Dortmund Zoo, Germany. Sykes-Gatz, S. 1999-2003/2004. Unpublished study. “Giant Otter Cub Handrearing Practices.” Dortmund Zoo, Germany. Sykes-Gatz, S. 1996-2003/2004. Unpublished Study. “Giant Otter Health Problems and Other Problems Caused by Exposure to Inappropriate Enclosure Conditions.” Dortmund Zoo, Germany. 275
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International Giant Otter Studbook
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Dear reader, With this, the second
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Section 2 Introduction to Substrate
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Parental Behavior Overview.........
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Introduction This manual is a secon
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Contributing Institutions/Individua
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Dortmund Zoo: Current Director: Dr.
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Giant Otter Characteristics (The fo
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Chapter 1 Husbandry and Management
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informal international network has
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are only released into the wild, th
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malfunctions, due to severe inbreed
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maturity (i.e. at 2 years old), the
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emaining 3 institutions bred otters
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elow 240 m² (2,583.4 ft²) in size
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difficulties/abnormalities to a mod
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are to the water, but it is also de
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deep digging areas as recommended,
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greater problems. I.e. the ability
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additions that can be made to enclo
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(esp. around approx. 10 to 11 years
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Hagenbecks Tierpark Giant Otter Vac
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Dietary Related Problems: Diarrhea
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times over 10 years) then disappear
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Thyroid Malfunctions: see Chapter 1
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unpublished report 1997). His hind
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vitamin B 1 tablet and one 400 IU v
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otters were exposed to in their enc
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animal, e.g. for serious/life threa
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conditions/problems can be identifi
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that the otters are very familiar a
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Section 5 Handrearing Captive-Born
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Chapter 5 for how to measure, Chapt
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proper authorities (i.e. park offic
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oth cubs were adopted by a wild ott
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Chapter 2: Husbandry and Management
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The following conditions (i.e. Numb
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The provision of the conditions lis
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proportionately increased and the w
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does not offer the same advantages
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*Note: Duplaix’s guidelines for o
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dry easily, drain well, and be resi
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It is necessary that every indoor a
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Deep Digging Area Necessary For Eac
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play, exercise etc. on. Note: when
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Cleaning Procedures for Substrates
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[4”] in width, could be placed 10
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The aforementioned problems are cau
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difficulties/abnormalities involvin
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they could cause similar walking di
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It is not uncommon that pink foot/t
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No additional or detailed informati
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provided as recommended, so that ot
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housed. It also may be that the lon
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or high humidity, esp. extended per
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dry areas in enclosures should also
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These husbandry provisions produce
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underground den building which is a
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more unsuitable the enclosure land
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unfamiliar and temporarily separate
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exposed to similar situations as ju
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inappropriate the enclosure conditi
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study. They also have been successf
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furnishings will also remain drier
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Live growing bamboo springs back up
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Section 5 Locations and Designs for
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all substrates) with/without vegeta
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indoors. Otters can also use each c
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Enclosures between 240 m² to 600 m
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other than substrates, and toys fro
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to help prevent water filtration/dr
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Section 10B discusses the locations
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areas may be sufficient when otters
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their normal daily terrestrial acti
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described below and in Section 12 b
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hear, that even familiar keepers ar
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nervous in behavior even during nor
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expansive enclosures are available
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the husbandry practices recommended
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keep cubs from crawling out (Duplai
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Chapter 1 for studies that should b
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practices and enclosure designs all
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care for the cubs (Schenck & Schenc
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was moved to another enclosure (Gat
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Inbreeding, physical, behavioral, a
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underground dens in this expansive
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Section 12 Natural Underground Dens
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22.34 ft] (11 sites) ; Kabo creek (
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Section 13 Den Construction “Den
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should not be introduced with physi
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door) could instead be made in the
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Section 15 Toys & Methods for Addit
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Although once items such as cardboa
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e designed or modified with these c
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Section 18 Introducing Unfamiliar &
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have been housed together and then
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contact introduction, i.e. to stop
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Section 19 Diet and Feeding Only go
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Cuiaba Zoo in Brazil (Marcato de Ol
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are consumed in varying amounts acc
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Captive giant otters have been obse
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part of the target. The target we u
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to secure the guillotine door with
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it stays close to the target. This
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these births may go undetected. Ult
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those working with her, from being
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ody temperatures to be taken, when
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abnormally frequent or excessive, i
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with a male (other than growing up
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of course, because information rega
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seen entering the shelter alone, bu
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At Hagenbeck Tierpark, Wünnemann (
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Page 233 and 234: Section 4 Toileting: To produce eli
Page 235 and 236: when no other better formula is ava
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Page 239 and 240: avoid dietary problems and help cub
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Page 243 and 244: suggested above. The same feeding f
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Page 247 and 248: should then be allowed to lick the
Page 249 and 250: The general guideline that food/for
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Page 253 and 254: enough), and explore while under su
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Page 257 and 258: ecome healthy and their housing can
Page 259 and 260: Section 16 Companion Cubs and Handr
Page 261 and 262: Cubs must exercise and explore to p
Page 263 and 264: Table 3 : Summary of the internatio
Page 265 and 266: Table 5 : International giant otter
Page 267 and 268: Days/ Months Sex Weight/Length (ent
Page 269 and 270: Table 7: Adult Giant Otter Weights
Page 271 and 272: Graph 2 : Giant Otter Cub Weight Gr
Page 273 and 274: Duplaix, N. 1980. Observations on t
Page 275: asiliensis, Gmelin, 1788) No Zooló
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International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management

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