International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management

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Table 4 : International Giant Otter Census Summary 2002 to Sept. 30, 2003 Location Total No. of otters in each country* No. of institutions with At least one potential breeding pair** / No. of institutions holding otters by country* South America Bolivia 1.0 0 / 1 Brazil 11.12 5 / 8 Colombia 4.3 1 / 2 Guyana 0.1 0 / 1 Peru 1.4 0 / 2 Trinidad 1.0 0 / 1 Venezuela 6.3 1 / 7 Europe Germany 4.2 1 / 2 United Kingdom 0.1 0 / 1 North America United States 2.2 2 / 2 International Totals 30.28 (58) 10 / 27 * Census only includes individuals one year of age or older and the institution’s census during the most recent year reported. ***** Only includes individuals two years of age or older. 262
Table 5 : International giant otter census by institution 2002 to Sept. 30, 2003* South America Bolivia 1. Zoologico Municipal Santa Cruz Holding 1.0 in 2002 Brazil 2. Parque Ecologico Municipal de Americana Holding 0.1 in 2002 3. C.P.P.M.A. / Balbina Holding 0.1 in 2002 4. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi / Belem Holding 1.0 in 2002 5. Criatorio Crocodilo Safari / Belem (private facility associated with Museu Goeldi above) Holding 2.1 in 2002 6. Jardim Zoologico de Brasilia Holding 4.5 in 2003 7. Zoologico da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso / Cuiaba Holding 1.2 in 2003 8. Zoologico de Curitiba Holding 1.1 in 2003 9. INPA / Manaus Holding 2.1 in 2003** Colombia 10. Fundacion Zoologico de Cali Holding 2.3 in 2003*** 11. Barranquilla Holding 2.0 in 2003 Guyana 12. Guyana Zoo / Georgetown Holding 0.1 in 2003 Peru 13. Quistococha Zoo / Iquitos Holding 1.2 in 2003 14. Pucallpa Zoo Holding 0.2 in 2000 Venezuela 16. Parque del Este „Romulo Betancourt“ / Caracas Holding 1.0 in 2003 17. Parque Zoologico „El Pinar“ / Caracas Holding 1.0 in 2003 18. Valencia Aquarium Holding 1.1 in 2003 19. Parque Loefling / Ciudad Guyana Holding 1.0 in 2003 20. Zoológico Municipal la Guaricha Maturin Holding 1.0 in 2003 21. Parque Zoológico y Botánico Bararida Barquisimeto Holding 0.2 in 2003 22. Zoológico Leslie Pantin Turmero, Aragua Holding 1.0 in 2003 Europe Germany 23. Zoo Dortmund Holding 3.2 in 2003 24. Zoo Duisburg Holding 1.0 in 2003 United Kingdom 25. Chestnut Centre / Chapel en le Frith Holding 0.1 in 2003 North America United States of America 26. Dallas World Aquarium / TX Holding 1.1 in 2003 27. Zoological Society of Philadelphia / PA Holding 1.1 in 2003 Trinidad & Tobago 15. Emperor Valley Zoo / Port of Spain Holding 1.0 in 2003 * Census only includes individuals one year of age or older and the institution’s census during the most recent year reported. **/*** By September 30 th 2003 1.1 additional giant otters were held at Cali and 1.1 additional giant otters were held at INPA.. These animals were all under one year old at this time, therefore they are not included in the census. 263
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International Giant Otter Studbook
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Dear reader, With this, the second
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Section 2 Introduction to Substrate
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Parental Behavior Overview.........
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Introduction This manual is a secon
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Contributing Institutions/Individua
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Dortmund Zoo: Current Director: Dr.
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Giant Otter Characteristics (The fo
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Chapter 1 Husbandry and Management
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informal international network has
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are only released into the wild, th
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malfunctions, due to severe inbreed
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maturity (i.e. at 2 years old), the
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emaining 3 institutions bred otters
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elow 240 m² (2,583.4 ft²) in size
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difficulties/abnormalities to a mod
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are to the water, but it is also de
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deep digging areas as recommended,
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greater problems. I.e. the ability
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additions that can be made to enclo
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(esp. around approx. 10 to 11 years
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Hagenbecks Tierpark Giant Otter Vac
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Dietary Related Problems: Diarrhea
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times over 10 years) then disappear
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Thyroid Malfunctions: see Chapter 1
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unpublished report 1997). His hind
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vitamin B 1 tablet and one 400 IU v
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otters were exposed to in their enc
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animal, e.g. for serious/life threa
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conditions/problems can be identifi
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that the otters are very familiar a
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Section 5 Handrearing Captive-Born
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Chapter 5 for how to measure, Chapt
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proper authorities (i.e. park offic
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oth cubs were adopted by a wild ott
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Chapter 2: Husbandry and Management
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The following conditions (i.e. Numb
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The provision of the conditions lis
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proportionately increased and the w
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does not offer the same advantages
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*Note: Duplaix’s guidelines for o
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dry easily, drain well, and be resi
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It is necessary that every indoor a
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Deep Digging Area Necessary For Eac
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play, exercise etc. on. Note: when
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Cleaning Procedures for Substrates
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[4”] in width, could be placed 10
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The aforementioned problems are cau
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difficulties/abnormalities involvin
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they could cause similar walking di
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It is not uncommon that pink foot/t
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No additional or detailed informati
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provided as recommended, so that ot
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housed. It also may be that the lon
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or high humidity, esp. extended per
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dry areas in enclosures should also
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These husbandry provisions produce
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underground den building which is a
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more unsuitable the enclosure land
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unfamiliar and temporarily separate
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exposed to similar situations as ju
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inappropriate the enclosure conditi
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study. They also have been successf
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furnishings will also remain drier
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Live growing bamboo springs back up
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Section 5 Locations and Designs for
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all substrates) with/without vegeta
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indoors. Otters can also use each c
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Enclosures between 240 m² to 600 m
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other than substrates, and toys fro
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to help prevent water filtration/dr
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Section 10B discusses the locations
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areas may be sufficient when otters
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their normal daily terrestrial acti
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described below and in Section 12 b
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hear, that even familiar keepers ar
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nervous in behavior even during nor
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expansive enclosures are available
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the husbandry practices recommended
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keep cubs from crawling out (Duplai
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Chapter 1 for studies that should b
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practices and enclosure designs all
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care for the cubs (Schenck & Schenc
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was moved to another enclosure (Gat
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Inbreeding, physical, behavioral, a
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underground dens in this expansive
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Section 12 Natural Underground Dens
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22.34 ft] (11 sites) ; Kabo creek (
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Section 13 Den Construction “Den
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should not be introduced with physi
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door) could instead be made in the
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Section 15 Toys & Methods for Addit
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Although once items such as cardboa
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e designed or modified with these c
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Section 18 Introducing Unfamiliar &
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have been housed together and then
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contact introduction, i.e. to stop
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Section 19 Diet and Feeding Only go
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Cuiaba Zoo in Brazil (Marcato de Ol
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are consumed in varying amounts acc
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Captive giant otters have been obse
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part of the target. The target we u
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to secure the guillotine door with
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it stays close to the target. This
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these births may go undetected. Ult
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those working with her, from being
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Page 217 and 218: with a male (other than growing up
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Page 221 and 222: seen entering the shelter alone, bu
Page 223 and 224: At Hagenbeck Tierpark, Wünnemann (
Page 225 and 226: 52.5 cm [20.6"]. It is assumed that
Page 227 and 228: cub weight growth curve in Graph 2
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Page 233 and 234: Section 4 Toileting: To produce eli
Page 235 and 236: when no other better formula is ava
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Page 243 and 244: suggested above. The same feeding f
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Page 247 and 248: should then be allowed to lick the
Page 249 and 250: The general guideline that food/for
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Page 253 and 254: enough), and explore while under su
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Page 257 and 258: ecome healthy and their housing can
Page 259 and 260: Section 16 Companion Cubs and Handr
Page 261 and 262: Cubs must exercise and explore to p
Page 263: Table 3 : Summary of the internatio
Page 267 and 268: Days/ Months Sex Weight/Length (ent
Page 269 and 270: Table 7: Adult Giant Otter Weights
Page 271 and 272: Graph 2 : Giant Otter Cub Weight Gr
Page 273 and 274: Duplaix, N. 1980. Observations on t
Page 275 and 276: asiliensis, Gmelin, 1788) No Zooló
Page 277 and 278: Otter Colloquium Pietermaritzburg 1
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International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management

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