International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management

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Colombia: Fundacion Zoologico de Cali (Cali Zoo): Director: Maria Clara Dominguez.; Biologist: German Corredor. Fundación Zoológico de Barranquilla (Barranquilla Zoo): Information relayed by German Corredor. Ocarre Zoo and Biological Park: General Curator: Ivan J Rubiano (DMV) Guyana: Karanambo Ranch (Giant Otter Rehabilitation Center): Director: Diane McTurk. Information also relayed by Karl Kranz and Dr. Nicole Duplaix. Georgetown Zoo: Information relayed by Karl Kranz and Dr. Nicole Duplaix. Peru: Quistococha Zoo: Antony Taggart: Former Acting Director. Information also relayed by Jessica Groenendijk and Frank Hajek. Pucallpa Zoo: Information relayed by Hugo Galvez Carillo. Trinidad: Emperor Valley Zoo: Kenneth Caesar; Assistant Director: Sayeed O. Ali. Information also relayed by Dr. Hélène Jacques. Venezuela: Information for the following zoos was relayed by Daryl Richardson and Dr. Jan Raines. Aquarium J.V. Seijas de Valencia Parque Zoológico y Botánico Bararida - Barquisimeto Caracas – Parque del Este, Rómulo Betancourt Information also relayed by Peter Zwanzger. Caracas – Zoologico El Pinar Zoológico Municipal la Guaricha - Maturin Turmero - Zoológico Leslie Pantin Ciudad Guyana - Parque Loefling: Information also relayed by Dr. Hélène Jacques. Europe Germany: Carl Hagenbeck Tierpark (Hagenbecks Tierpark): Director: Dr. Claus Hagenbeck; Veterinarian: Dr. Michael Flügger; Former Veterinarian: Dr. Klaus Wünnemann; Giant Otter Keeper: Peter Engel. (Note: Dr. Klaus Wünnemann is now the Director of Tiergarten Heildelberg in Germany.) 10
Dortmund Zoo: Current Director: Dr. Frank Brandstaetter; Former Director (until 2000): Dr. Wolf Bartmann; Biologist: Ilona Schappert; Veterinarians: Dr. Christine Osmann and Nicole Schauerte; Giant Otter Keepers: Volker Gatz, Michael Strugholz, Natascha Kuhrt. Volker Gatz: European Giant Otter Studbook Keeper (EEP). Sheila Sykes-Gatz: Consultant for Giant Otter Husbandry, Management & Research, International Giant Otter Studbook Keeper. Duisburg Zoo: Director: Reinhard Frese; General Curator: Achim Winkler; Veterinarian: Manuel Garcia Hartmann. Berlin Zoo: Information relayed by Dr. Heiner Klös. Spain: Zoo-Aquarium De La Casa De Campo, Madrid (Madrid Zoo): Technical Director: M. Lopez Gonzalez. United Kingdom: Chestnut Centre Conservation Park: Directors: Roger Heap and Carol Heap. North America United States of America: Dallas World Aquarium: Director: Daryl Richardson; Veterinarian: Dr. Jan Raines; Conservation Biologist: Rudy Jara. Giant Otter Keeper: Gray Lang. Philadelphia Zoological Society (Philadelphia Zoo): Sr. Vice President for Animal Affairs: Dr. Andy Baker; Former: Sr. Vice President for Animal Affairs: Karl Kranz; Senior Curator of Mammals: Kim (Whitman) Lengel; Chris Waldron: Assistant Curator for Carnivores; Barbara Toddes: Nutritionist; Current Giant Otter Head Keeper: Ann Hess; Michelle Jameison; Former Giant Otter Head Keeper: Sheila Sykes (now Sykes-Gatz). Sheila Sykes-Gatz: Affiliate of Philadelphia Zoo. Note: Karl Kranz is now Director of Biological Programs at Jacksonville Zoo in Florida. ISIS: Information relayed by Laurie Bingaman Lackey. Dortmund Zoo’s continued dedication and many years of support for the formation and promotion of the international giant otter studbook and this husbandry manual and all of their efforts to help giant otters to one day become a self-sustaining captive population have been invaluable. Dortmund Zoo staff have given me the opportunity to conduct research and assist in their giant otter husbandry and management program. These first hand experiences provided additional invaluable input for these recommendations. I would like to give my sincere thanks and appreciation to Dr. Frank Brandstätter, Dr. Wolf Bartmann, Ilona Schappert, Dr. Christine Osmann, Nicole Schauerte, Michael Strugholz, and Volker Gatz for their support and this valuable opportunity and learning experience. Without Dr. Brandstätter's and Dr. Bartmann's support and efforts, these goals would not have been able to be accomplished and to them I am most especially grateful and indebted. Ilona Schappert, Dr. Christine Osmann, and Nicole Schauerte have also provided me with invaluable information and experience for giant otter handrearing and for this I am sincerely thankful and appreciative. I would also like to extend great thanks to the veterinarians at Dortmund Zoo, Dr. Christine Osmann and Nicole Schauerte, 11
Page 1 and 2: International Giant Otter Studbook
Page 3 and 4: Dear reader, With this, the second
Page 5 and 6: Section 2 Introduction to Substrate
Page 7 and 8: Parental Behavior Overview.........
Page 9 and 10: Introduction This manual is a secon
Page 11: Contributing Institutions/Individua
Page 15 and 16: Giant Otter Characteristics (The fo
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1 Husbandry and Management
Page 19 and 20: informal international network has
Page 21 and 22: are only released into the wild, th
Page 23 and 24: malfunctions, due to severe inbreed
Page 25 and 26: maturity (i.e. at 2 years old), the
Page 27 and 28: emaining 3 institutions bred otters
Page 29 and 30: elow 240 m² (2,583.4 ft²) in size
Page 31 and 32: difficulties/abnormalities to a mod
Page 33 and 34: are to the water, but it is also de
Page 35 and 36: deep digging areas as recommended,
Page 37 and 38: greater problems. I.e. the ability
Page 39 and 40: additions that can be made to enclo
Page 41 and 42: (esp. around approx. 10 to 11 years
Page 43 and 44: Hagenbecks Tierpark Giant Otter Vac
Page 45 and 46: Dietary Related Problems: Diarrhea
Page 47 and 48: times over 10 years) then disappear
Page 49 and 50: Thyroid Malfunctions: see Chapter 1
Page 51 and 52: unpublished report 1997). His hind
Page 53 and 54: vitamin B 1 tablet and one 400 IU v
Page 55 and 56: otters were exposed to in their enc
Page 57 and 58: animal, e.g. for serious/life threa
Page 59 and 60: conditions/problems can be identifi
Page 61 and 62: that the otters are very familiar a
Page 63 and 64:
Section 5 Handrearing Captive-Born
Page 65 and 66:
Chapter 5 for how to measure, Chapt
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proper authorities (i.e. park offic
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oth cubs were adopted by a wild ott
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Chapter 2: Husbandry and Management
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The following conditions (i.e. Numb
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The provision of the conditions lis
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proportionately increased and the w
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does not offer the same advantages
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*Note: Duplaix’s guidelines for o
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dry easily, drain well, and be resi
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It is necessary that every indoor a
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Deep Digging Area Necessary For Eac
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play, exercise etc. on. Note: when
Page 91 and 92:
Cleaning Procedures for Substrates
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[4”] in width, could be placed 10
Page 95 and 96:
The aforementioned problems are cau
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difficulties/abnormalities involvin
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they could cause similar walking di
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It is not uncommon that pink foot/t
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No additional or detailed informati
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provided as recommended, so that ot
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housed. It also may be that the lon
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or high humidity, esp. extended per
Page 111 and 112:
dry areas in enclosures should also
Page 113 and 114:
These husbandry provisions produce
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underground den building which is a
Page 117 and 118:
more unsuitable the enclosure land
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unfamiliar and temporarily separate
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exposed to similar situations as ju
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inappropriate the enclosure conditi
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study. They also have been successf
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furnishings will also remain drier
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Live growing bamboo springs back up
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Section 5 Locations and Designs for
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all substrates) with/without vegeta
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indoors. Otters can also use each c
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Enclosures between 240 m² to 600 m
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other than substrates, and toys fro
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to help prevent water filtration/dr
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Section 10B discusses the locations
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areas may be sufficient when otters
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their normal daily terrestrial acti
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described below and in Section 12 b
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hear, that even familiar keepers ar
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nervous in behavior even during nor
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expansive enclosures are available
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the husbandry practices recommended
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keep cubs from crawling out (Duplai
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Chapter 1 for studies that should b
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practices and enclosure designs all
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care for the cubs (Schenck & Schenc
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was moved to another enclosure (Gat
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Inbreeding, physical, behavioral, a
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underground dens in this expansive
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Section 12 Natural Underground Dens
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22.34 ft] (11 sites) ; Kabo creek (
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Section 13 Den Construction “Den
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should not be introduced with physi
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door) could instead be made in the
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Section 15 Toys & Methods for Addit
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Although once items such as cardboa
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e designed or modified with these c
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Section 18 Introducing Unfamiliar &
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have been housed together and then
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contact introduction, i.e. to stop
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Section 19 Diet and Feeding Only go
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Cuiaba Zoo in Brazil (Marcato de Ol
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are consumed in varying amounts acc
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Captive giant otters have been obse
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part of the target. The target we u
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to secure the guillotine door with
Page 207 and 208:
it stays close to the target. This
Page 209 and 210:
these births may go undetected. Ult
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those working with her, from being
Page 213 and 214:
ody temperatures to be taken, when
Page 215 and 216:
abnormally frequent or excessive, i
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with a male (other than growing up
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of course, because information rega
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seen entering the shelter alone, bu
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At Hagenbeck Tierpark, Wünnemann (
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52.5 cm [20.6"]. It is assumed that
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cub weight growth curve in Graph 2
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contain glucose rather than sucrose
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and frequency after each toileting/
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Section 4 Toileting: To produce eli
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when no other better formula is ava
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prepared artificial milk replacers
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avoid dietary problems and help cub
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formula is accomplished. When cubs
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suggested above. The same feeding f
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successfully can often be difficult
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should then be allowed to lick the
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The general guideline that food/for
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very gently dipped in the bowl into
Page 253 and 254:
enough), and explore while under su
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dig into, well-draining etc.) are n
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ecome healthy and their housing can
Page 259 and 260:
Section 16 Companion Cubs and Handr
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Cubs must exercise and explore to p
Page 263 and 264:
Table 3 : Summary of the internatio
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Table 5 : International giant otter
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Days/ Months Sex Weight/Length (ent
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Table 7: Adult Giant Otter Weights
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Graph 2 : Giant Otter Cub Weight Gr
Page 273 and 274:
Duplaix, N. 1980. Observations on t
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asiliensis, Gmelin, 1788) No Zooló
Page 277 and 278:
Otter Colloquium Pietermaritzburg 1
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International Giant Otter Studbook Husbandry and Management

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