thursday – saturday | november 4-6 ✯ Poster Abstracts ✯ sentative sample of the priority population (n=34); h) evaluation of the per<strong>for</strong>mance of the instrument in a prospective study through the use of random sampling (n=162). The study population consisted of women 40-65 years old who were due <strong>for</strong> a mammogram 6 months at the time of the study. Factor analysis was per<strong>for</strong>med using principal components analysis extraction and varimax rotation. Internal consistency of all factors was assessed using the standardized Cronbach’s coefficient alpha. results: Cronbach’s alphas on the sample ranged from 0.65 to 0.96. A majority (14 of 15) alphas were above 0. 70. The final results yielded 15 constructs assessed via a total of 79 items. conclusion: The WHS is a reliable and valid instrument that measures AI women’s motivation to get a screening mammogram. The use of a sound methodology through qualitative and quantitative research enhanced the psychometric properties of the survey. Implications <strong>for</strong> practice: The results obtained through the administration of the WHS can be used in the development of theory-based interventions to promote mammography screening among AI women. 42. Maternal Smoking and Adverse Birth Outcomes Akila Pasupulati, MPH Candidate, Western Kentucky University Smoking among women is of great concern today because of the adverse outcomes in newborns whose mothers smoke during the prenatal period. It is of great concern that high percentage of smokers is among pregnant women and women of childbearing age (Kentucky epidemiological notes, 2003).Smoking are a serious public health problem in Kentucky. In 2001, Kentucky led the 50 states in the percentage of current smokers, 30.9% (Kentucky epidemiological notes, 2003). Mothers who smoke increase the risk <strong>for</strong> their infants to suffer from low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, various respiratory diseases and infant mortality (Kentucky epidemiological notes, 2003). The prevalence of smoking among women of childbearing age has increased over the past decade. Data from 2001 BRFSS ranks Kentucky second in the nation <strong>for</strong> percentage of women of age 18-44 years who smoke. The main aim of the research proposal is to identify the group of women at maximum risk to have adverse outcomes in pregnancy and design an intervention to reduce smoking control any co variants associated with smoking during pregnancy thus decreasing neonatal mortality and morbidity. The results of the analysis from the secondary data set will help make recommendations to target the women at maximum risk to have adverse birth outcomes related to smoking and associated factors. Any measured outcomes will be evaluated to determine the success of the proposed recommendations. 43. Developing Picture-Based Environmental <strong>Health</strong> <strong>Education</strong> Materials <strong>for</strong> Refugees: Lessons Learned Xanthi Scrimgeour, MHEd, CHES, Principal, Communicate<strong>Health</strong>, Inc.; Stacy Robison, MPH, CHES, Communicate<strong>Health</strong>, Inc. Refugee children are twice as likely as children born in the United States to have elevated blood lead levels. Moreover, recent immigrant and refugee populations have unique in<strong>for</strong>mation needs when it comes to childhood lead poisoning prevention. As a result, both the message and the presentation of environmental health in<strong>for</strong>mation need to be tailored to reach these at-risk communities. To assist resettlement workers and service providers in educating refugees about lead poisoning prevention, the authors followed an iterative design process to develop picture-based materials that could be used with refugees in a classroom, health clinic, home visit, or one-on-one educational setting. The authors 56 sophe conference ✯ november 4-6, 2010 will briefly describe the iterative design process and its relevance <strong>for</strong> health education practice. The presentation will include an overview of the lessons learned from individual interviews with refugee resettlement workers and focus groups conducted with refugees from Bhutan, Burma, Somalia, and Russia. 44. Feasibility of Biochemical Validation in Self-reported Smoking Behavior Among College Students Devan Romero, MS, DrPH, CHES, Loma Linda University School of <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Health</strong> background and theoretical framework: Self-reported smoking and saliva cotinine in college students were compared and the feasibility of biochemical assay collection in a crosssectional research. Saliva cotinine is primarily tested in current smokers; there<strong>for</strong>e this study sought to test a random sample of all smoking groups identify actual nicotine exposure. The Theory of Triadic Influence was used as the guiding theoretical framework suggesting a comprehensive assessment of smoking behavior is used in young adults. methods: A random sample of 50 college students were selected from a larger study (N = 490) at a Southwestern University. Participants completed an anonymous survey reporting characteristics of smoking behavior and cigarette exposure. Nicotine exposure was tested by testing saliva samples using a cotinine detection strip. A positive cotinine test was categorized as level 1-6 and a negative result was zero. We hypothesized that students who report current smoking would result in positive cotinine exposure level. results: Thirty-two of the 50 test strips resulted in a readable exposure level, 18 were excluded and deemed inconclusive. The results of the cotinine exposure tests resulted in 37.5% scoring “0”, 53.1% “1”, 3.1% “2”, and 6.3% “3”. Of the 32 participants, 28.1% were classified as current smokers and 71.9% were nonsmokers. Most participants stated they were not smokers (93%); however, 12.5% reported smoking in the past 30 days, 18.8% more than 30 days ago, none reporting quitting. Fortythree percent smoked yesterday and 50% of these participants tested at a level 1, 7.1% at a level 3 and 42.9% at 0. conclusions: The results of saliva cotinine exposure were inconclusive and the sample size did not adjust <strong>for</strong> the amount of invalid tests. A majority of current smokers did not test positively <strong>for</strong> cotinine exposure and a third who did, were nonsmokers. Almost half who reported smoking yesterday did not have a positive exposure, indicating insensitivity of the test. Either nonsmokers that tested positive to cotinine exposure are not accurately reporting their smoking behavior or have been exposed to secondhand smoke. implications: Biochemical validation in this study did not increase the validity of self-reported smoking and a larger sample size is needed to achieve a valid number of tests. This test was not cost effective or feasible <strong>for</strong> limited budgets given the large amount of inconclusive tests. Future studies testing <strong>for</strong> cotinine exposure should account <strong>for</strong> the possibility of inaccuracy in self-reported smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke. 45. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict Safer Sexual Behavior in Ghanaian Immigrants in a Large Midwestern City in the U.S. Matthew Asare, MBA, PhD Candidate, University of Cincinnati Ghanaian immigrant population in the United States is at a high risk <strong>for</strong> developing HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to use the Theory
✯ Poster Abstracts ✯ thursday – saturday | november 4-6 of Planned Behavior to predict safer sexual behavior among Ghanaian immigrants in a large Midwestern city in the United States. A 55-item questionnaire was developed and tested <strong>for</strong> validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (stability and test-retest). A total of 137 Ghanaian immigrants completed the questionnaire. The constructs of perceived behavioral control (p
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