healthy people 2020 - Society for Public Health Education

thursday – saturday | november 4-6
✯ Poster Abstracts ✯
sentative sample of the priority population (n=34); h) evaluation of the
performance of the instrument in a prospective study through the use
of random sampling (n=162). The study population consisted of women
40-65 years old who were due for a mammogram 6 months at the time
of the study. Factor analysis was performed using principal components
analysis extraction and varimax rotation. Internal consistency of all
factors was assessed using the standardized Cronbach’s coefficient alpha.
results: Cronbach’s alphas on the sample ranged from 0.65 to 0.96. A
majority (14 of 15) alphas were above 0. 70. The final results yielded 15
constructs assessed via a total of 79 items.
conclusion: The WHS is a reliable and valid instrument that measures
AI women’s motivation to get a screening mammogram. The use
of a sound methodology through qualitative and quantitative research
enhanced the psychometric properties of the survey. Implications for
practice: The results obtained through the administration of the WHS
can be used in the development of theory-based interventions to promote
mammography screening among AI women.
42. Maternal Smoking and Adverse Birth Outcomes
Akila Pasupulati, MPH Candidate, Western Kentucky University
Smoking among women is of great concern today because of the adverse
outcomes in newborns whose mothers smoke during the prenatal
period. It is of great concern that high percentage of smokers is among
pregnant women and women of childbearing age (Kentucky epidemiological
notes, 2003).Smoking are a serious public health problem in
Kentucky. In 2001, Kentucky led the 50 states in the percentage of current
smokers, 30.9% (Kentucky epidemiological notes, 2003). Mothers
who smoke increase the risk for their infants to suffer from low birth
weight, intrauterine growth retardation, various respiratory diseases
and infant mortality (Kentucky epidemiological notes, 2003). The
prevalence of smoking among women of childbearing age has increased
over the past decade. Data from 2001 BRFSS ranks Kentucky second in
the nation for percentage of women of age 18-44 years who smoke.
The main aim of the research proposal is to identify the group of women
at maximum risk to have adverse outcomes in pregnancy and design
an intervention to reduce smoking control any co variants associated
with smoking during pregnancy thus decreasing neonatal mortality and
morbidity. The results of the analysis from the secondary data set will
help make recommendations to target the women at maximum risk to
have adverse birth outcomes related to smoking and associated factors.
Any measured outcomes will be evaluated to determine the success of
the proposed recommendations.
43. Developing Picture-Based Environmental Health Education
Materials for Refugees: Lessons Learned
Xanthi Scrimgeour, MHEd, CHES, Principal, CommunicateHealth, Inc.;
Stacy Robison, MPH, CHES, CommunicateHealth, Inc.
Refugee children are twice as likely as children born in the United States
to have elevated blood lead levels. Moreover, recent immigrant and
refugee populations have unique information needs when it comes to
childhood lead poisoning prevention. As a result, both the message
and the presentation of environmental health information need to be
tailored to reach these at-risk communities. To assist resettlement workers
and service providers in educating refugees about lead poisoning
prevention, the authors followed an iterative design process to develop
picture-based materials that could be used with refugees in a classroom,
health clinic, home visit, or one-on-one educational setting. The authors
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sophe conference ✯ november 4-6, 2010
will briefly describe the iterative design process and its relevance for
health education practice. The presentation will include an overview
of the lessons learned from individual interviews with refugee resettlement
workers and focus groups conducted with refugees from Bhutan,
Burma, Somalia, and Russia.
44. Feasibility of Biochemical Validation in Self-reported
Smoking Behavior Among College Students
Devan Romero, MS, DrPH, CHES, Loma Linda University
School of Public Health
background and theoretical framework:
Self-reported smoking and saliva cotinine in college students were
compared and the feasibility of biochemical assay collection in a crosssectional
research. Saliva cotinine is primarily tested in current smokers;
therefore this study sought to test a random sample of all smoking
groups identify actual nicotine exposure. The Theory of Triadic
Influence was used as the guiding theoretical framework suggesting a
comprehensive assessment of smoking behavior is used in young adults.
methods: A random sample of 50 college students were selected from
a larger study (N = 490) at a Southwestern University. Participants
completed an anonymous survey reporting characteristics of smoking
behavior and cigarette exposure. Nicotine exposure was tested by testing
saliva samples using a cotinine detection strip. A positive cotinine
test was categorized as level 1-6 and a negative result was zero. We
hypothesized that students who report current smoking would result in
positive cotinine exposure level.
results: Thirty-two of the 50 test strips resulted in a readable exposure
level, 18 were excluded and deemed inconclusive. The results of the cotinine
exposure tests resulted in 37.5% scoring “0”, 53.1% “1”, 3.1% “2”,
and 6.3% “3”. Of the 32 participants, 28.1% were classified as current
smokers and 71.9% were nonsmokers. Most participants stated they
were not smokers (93%); however, 12.5% reported smoking in the past
30 days, 18.8% more than 30 days ago, none reporting quitting. Fortythree
percent smoked yesterday and 50% of these participants tested at a
level 1, 7.1% at a level 3 and 42.9% at 0.
conclusions: The results of saliva cotinine exposure were inconclusive
and the sample size did not adjust for the amount of invalid tests. A
majority of current smokers did not test positively for cotinine exposure
and a third who did, were nonsmokers. Almost half who reported
smoking yesterday did not have a positive exposure, indicating insensitivity
of the test. Either nonsmokers that tested positive to cotinine
exposure are not accurately reporting their smoking behavior or have
been exposed to secondhand smoke.
implications: Biochemical validation in this study did not increase the
validity of self-reported smoking and a larger sample size is needed to
achieve a valid number of tests. This test was not cost effective or feasible
for limited budgets given the large amount of inconclusive tests. Future
studies testing for cotinine exposure should account for the possibility of
inaccuracy in self-reported smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke.
45. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict
Safer Sexual Behavior in Ghanaian Immigrants in a Large
Midwestern City in the U.S.
Matthew Asare, MBA, PhD Candidate, University of Cincinnati
Ghanaian immigrant population in the United States is at a high risk for
developing HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to use the Theory