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FINAL PROGRAMMATIC BIOLOGICAL OPINION ON U.S. NAVY ACTIVITIES IN THE HAWAII RANGE COMPLEX 2008-2013 Nishiwaki, M. 1966. Distribution and migration of the larger cetaceans in the North Pacific as shown by Japanese whaling results. Pages: 171-191. In: Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. Edited by K.S. Norris. University of California Press; Berkeley, California. Nitta, E.T. 1991. The marine mammal stranding network for Hawai’i, an overview. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources; Silver Spring, Maryland. Norrgard, J. 1995. Determination of stock composition and natal origin of a juvenile loggerhead turtle population (Caretta caretta) in Chesapeake Bay using mitochondrial DNA analysis. Thesis prepared in partial fulfillment of a Master's Degree in Arts. College of William and Mary; Williamsburg, Virginia Norris K.S. and Harvey G.W. 1972. A theory for the function of the spermaceti organ of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon L.). In: Galler SR, Schmidt-Koenig K, Jacobs GJ, Belleville RE (eds) Animal Orientation and Navigation. pp 397-417. NASA Special Publications, Washington. Norris, J. 2001. Human activities and natural events: impacts on Gulf of Mexico marine mammals. Part 2, Pages 85- 92 in M. McKay, J. Nides, W. Lang, and D. Vigil, eds., Gulf of Mexico marine protected species workshop - June 1999. New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region. Norris, T.F. 1994. Effects of boat noise on the acoustic behavior of humpback whales. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 96(1):3251. Norton, S. B., D. J. Rodier, J. H. Gentile, W. H. Van Der Schalie, and W. P. Wood. 1992. The framework for ecological risk assessment at the EPA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 11:1663. Notobartolo di Sciara, G., M. Jahoda, N. Biassoni, and C. Lafortuna. 1996. Reactions of fin whales to approaching vessels assessed by means of a laser range finder. Pages 38-42 in Proceedings of the 10th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society, 11-13 March 1996, Lisbon, Portugal. Notarbartolo di Sciara, G., M. Zanardelli, M. Jahoda, S. Panigada, and S. Airoldi. 2003. The fin whale Balaenoptera physalus(L. 1758) in the Mediterranean Sea. Mammal Review 33:105-150. Nowacek, D. P., M. P. Johnson, and P. L. Tyack. 2004. North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) ignore ships but respond to alerting stimuli. Proceedings of the Royal Society <strong>Biological</strong> Sciences Series B 271:227-231. Nowacek, D. P., M. P. Johnson, P. L. Tyack, K. A. Shorter, W. A. McLellan, and D. A. t. Pabst. 2001. Buoyant balaenids: The ups and downs of buoyancy in right whales. Proceedings of the Royal Society <strong>Biological</strong> Sciences Series B 268:1811-1816. Nowacek, D., M. P. Johnson and P.L. Tyack. 2004. North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) ignore ships but respond to alerting stimuli. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. <strong>Biological</strong> Sciences 271: 227-231. Nowacek, S. M., R. S. Wells, and A. R. Solow. 2001. Short-term effects of boat traffic on bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, in Sarasota Bay, Florida. Marine Mammal Science 17:16. 294
FINAL PROGRAMMATIC BIOLOGICAL OPINION ON U.S. NAVY ACTIVITIES IN THE HAWAII RANGE COMPLEX 2008-2013 O’Hara, J. and J.R. Wilcox. 1990. Avoidance responses of loggerhead turtles, Caretta caretta, to low frequency sound. Copeia 1990: 564-567. O’Hara, T.M., M.M. Krahn, D. Boyd, P.R. Becker, and L.M. Philo. 1999. Organochlorine contaminant levels in Eskimo harvested bowhead whales of arctic Alaska. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 35(4): 741-52. O’Shea, T.J. and R.L.J. Brownell. 1994. Organochlorine and metal contaminants in baleen whales: A review and evaluation of conservation implications. Science of the Total Environment 154 (2-3): 179-200. Odell, D.K., E. Asper, J. Baucom and L. Cornell. 1980. A recurrent mass stranding of false killer whales, Pseudorca crassidens, in Florida. Fishery Bulletin 78: 171 - 177. Ohsumi, S. 1980. Criticism of Japanese fishing effort for sperm whales in the North Pacific. Reports of the International Whaling Commission Special Issue 2: 19-30. Ohsumi, S. 1980. Population assessment of the sperm whale in the North Pacific. Reports of the International Whaling Commission Special Issue 2: 31-42. Ohsumi, S., and S. Wada. 1974. Status of whale stocks in the North Pacific, 1972. Reports of the International Whaling Commission 24:114-126. O'Keefe, D.J. and G.A. Young. 1984. Handbook on the environmental effects of underwater explosions. NAVSWC Technical Report 83-240. U.S. Navy, Naval Surface Warfare Center; Silver Spring, Maryland. Omura, H. 1958. North Pacific right whales. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 13:1-52. Omura, H., S. Ohsumi, T. Nemota, k. Nasu, and T. Kasuya. 1969. Black right whales in the North Pacific. Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute 21:1-87. Owens, D. W. 2001. Human activities and natural events: impacts on Gulf of Mexico sea turtles, Pages 93-97 in M. McKay, J. Nides, W. Lang, and D. Vigil, eds., Gulf of Mexico marine protected species workshop - June 1999. New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S. Department of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf Region. Palacios, D.M. and B.R. Mate. 1996. Attack by false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) on sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Galapagos Islands. Marine Mammal Science 12(4): 6. Palumbi, S.R. and J. Roman. 2006. The history of whales read from DNA. Pages: 102-115. In: Whales, whaling, and ocean ecosystems. Edited by J.A. Estes, D.P. DeMaster, D.F. Doak, T.M. Williams and R.L. Brownell Jr. University of California Press; Berkeley and Los Angeles, California. Panigada, S., G. Pesante, M. Zanardelli, F. Capoulade, A. Gannier and M.T. Weinrich. 2006. Mediterranean fin whales at risk from fatal ship strikes. Marine Pollution Bulletin 52(10): 1287-1298. Papouchis C., F. J. Singer, and W. B. Sloan. 2001. Responses of desert bighorn sheep to increased human recreation. Journal of Wildlife Management 65:573-582. Parks, S.E. and C.W. Clark. 2007. Short- and long-term changes in right whale calling behavior: the potential effects of noise on acoustic communication. Journal of the Acoustic Society of America 122(6): 3725-3731. 295
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