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FINAL PROGRAMMATIC BIOLOGICAL OPINION ON U.S. NAVY ACTIVITIES IN THE HAWAII RANGE COMPLEX 2008-2013 Darling, J.D. and K. Mori. 1993. Recent observations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Japanese waters off Ogasawara and Okinawa. The Canadian Journal of Zoology 71(2): 325 - 333. David, L. 2002. Disturbance to Mediterranean cetaceans caused by vessel traffic. Report prepared for the ACCOBAMS Secretariat, Monaco. Davis, R, G. Scott, B. Würsig, G. Fargion, W. Evans, L. Hansen, R. Benson, K. Mullin, T. Leming, N. May, B. Mate, J. Norris, T. Jefferson, D. Peake, S.K. Lynn, T. Sparks, C. Schroeder. 1995. Distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the north-central and western Gulf of Mexico; draft final report. Volume II: Technical Report. OCS Study No. MMS95. Prepared by the Texas Institute of Oceanography and the National Marine Fisheries Service for the U. S. Minerals Management Service, New Orleans, Louisiana. Dill, H.R., and W.A. Bryan. 1912. Report on an expedition to Laysan Island in 1911. U.S. Department of Agriculture <strong>Biological</strong> Survey Bulletin 42:1-30. Dolphin, W.F. 1987. Ventilation and dive patterns of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae, on their Alaskan feeding grounds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65(1):83-90. Donovan, G. P. 1984. Blue whales off Peru, December 1982, with special reference to pygmy blue whales. Reports of the International Whaling Commission 34: 473-476. Donovan, G.P. 1991. A review of IWC stock boundaries. Reports of the International Whaling Commission, Special Issue 13:39- 68. Drouot, V., A. Gannier and J.C. Goold. 2004. Summer social distribution of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of the Marine <strong>Biological</strong> Association of the UK 84(3): 6. Drouot, V., M. Berube, A. Gannier, J.C. Goold, R.J. Reid and P.J. Palsboll. 2004. A note on genetic isolation of Mediterranean sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) suggested by mitochondrial DNA. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 6(1): 29 - 32. D'Spain, G. D., A. D'Amico, and D. M. Fromm. 2006. Properties of the underwater sound fields during some well documented beaked whale mass stranding events. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 7:223 - 238. Dufault, S. and H. Whitehead. 1995. An encounter with recently wounded sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus). Marine Mammal Science 11(4): 4. Duncan, A. J., R. D. McCauley, and A. L. Maggi. 2004. Predicting the environmental impact of active sonar. AIP Conference Proceedings 728:280-287. Ecolarge and Government of Australia. 2006. Pacific Islands whale watch tourism: 2006. An economic valuation. Unpublished paper submitted to the International Whaling Commission IWC/58/7. International Whaling Commission, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Edds, P. L. 1988. Characteristics of finback Balaenoptera physalusvocalizations in the St. Lawrence Estuary. Bioacoustics 1: 131-149. 270
FINAL PROGRAMMATIC BIOLOGICAL OPINION ON U.S. NAVY ACTIVITIES IN THE HAWAII RANGE COMPLEX 2008-2013 Edds, P.L. 1982. Vocalizations of the blue whale Balaenoptera musculus, in the St. Lawrence River. J.ournal of Mammalogy 63(2):345-347. Edds, P.L. and J.A.F. MacFarlane. 1987. Occurrence and general behavior of balaenopterid cetaceans summering in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 65(6):1363-1376. Edds-Walton, P.L. 1997. Acoustic communication signals of mysticete whales. Bioacoustics 8: 47-60. Efroymson, R. A., W. H. Rose, S. Nemeth, and G. W. Suter, II. 2000. Ecological risk assessment framework for low-altitude overflights by fixed-wing and rotary-wing military aircraft. ORNL TM-2000/289. U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Sciences Division; Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Egnor, S. E. R., C. G. Iguina, and M. D. Hauser. 2006. Perturbation of auditory feedback causes systematic perturbation in vocal structure in adult cotton-top tamarins. Journal of Experimental Biology 209:3652- 3663. Eldredge, L.G. 1991. Annotated checklist of the marine mammals of Micronesia. Micronesica 24(4): 217 - 230. Eldredge, L.G. 2003. The marine reptiles and mammals of Guam. Micronesica 35 - 36: 653 - 660. Erbe, C. 2000. Detection of whale calls in noise: Performance comparison between a beluga whale, human listeners and a neural network. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America108:297-303. Erbe, C. 2002. Underwater noise of whale-watching boats and potential effects on killer whales (Orcinus orca), based on an acoustic impact model. Marine Mammal Science 18(2): 25. Erbe, C. and D.M. Farmer. 2000. Zones of impact around icebreakers affecting beluga whales in the Beaufort Sea. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108(3): 1332. European Cetacean Society. 2003. Program for the Seventeenth Annual Conference: Marine Mammals and Sound. Las Palmas De Gran Canaria, Spain; 9 – 13 March 2003. Evans, K., M. Morrice, M. Hindell and D. Thiele. 2002. Three mass strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in southern Australian waters. Marine Mammal Science 18(3): 22. Evans, P. G. H., P. J. Canwell, and E. J. Lewis. 1992. An experimental study of the effects of the pleasure craft noise upon bottlenose dolphins in Cardigan Bay, West Wales. Pages 60-64 in P. G. H. Evans, editor. European research on cetaceans 6: Proceedings of the European Cetacean Society. European Cetacean Society, Montpellier, France. Faerber, M.M. and R.W. Baird. 2007. Beaked whale strandings in relation to military exercises: a comparison between the Canary and Hawai’ian Islands. Poster presentation. The 21st annual European Cetacean Society conference, 22 - 27 April 2007. San Sebastian, Spain. Fagan, W.F. and E.E. Holmes. 2006. Quantifying the extinction vortex. Ecology Letters 9: 51 - 60. Fagan, W.F., E. Meir and J.L. Moore. 1999. Variation thresholds for extinction and their implications for conservation strategies. The American Naturalist 154(5): 510-520. 271
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