Vol 27 No 2 December - The Indian Society for Parasitology

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96 Humoral immune response to helminths in fishes JPD : Vol. 27 (2), 2003 Table I Humoral immune response of Cyprinus carpio to Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis infection with respect to temperature Month No. of fishes No. of fishes No. of parasites Average monthly Ouchterlony examined infected found temp of lake No. tested No. +ve January 15 4 16 4.7 10 0 February 20 6 18 7.1 10 0 March 16 3 10 12.4 8 0 April 20 4 13 15.3 10 2 May 25 7 26 17.4 7 2 June 16 5 40 23.2 10 3 July 20 6 53 26.2 8 6 August 15 2 6 22.9 10 2 September 18 0 0 20.3 10 0 October 20 0 0 19.9 8 0 November 20 2 6 14.3 8 0 December 15 3 12 7.6 8 0 Table II Humoral immune response of Schizothorax niger to Adenoscolex oreini infection with respect to temperature Month No. of fishes No. of fishes No. of parasites Average monthly Ouchterlony examined infected found temp of lake No. tested No. +ve January 10 1 3 4.7 5 0 February 12 2 6 7.1 6 0 March 11 2 5 12.4 8 0 April 8 3 10 15.3 5 0 May 15 3 16 17.4 9 1 June 9 1 5 23.2 8 3 July 12 3 6 26.2 6 2 August 16 4 15 22.9 7 1 September 8 2 11 20.3 10 0 October 7 3 12 19.9 6 0 November 6 0 0 14.3 3 0 December 10 4 10 7.6 9 0
JPD : Vol. 27 (2), 2003 Humoral immune response to helminths in fishes 97 were obtained in S. niger. The appearance of in β fraction. A similar situation occurs in teleosts precipitation patterns that were encountered in this immunized with antigens, increases in the β-2 and analysis were the molecules that share an identical gamma-1 globulins with fall in albumin levels were antigen structure and exhibited a pattern of complete noted by Summerfelt (1966) in immunized gold fish. coalescence of the precipitation lines, while those with Our results are in accordance with the findings of partial antigen difference show crossing over of Buchmann et al, (2001) who reported that both precipitin bands. specific and nonspecific factors in humoral and To conclude, S. niger and C. carpio infected with A. cellular branches of the fish immune system are well orieni and P. kashmirensis responded with the developed, thus production of specific antibodies in production of precipitating antibody to the antigens of the fish B-lymphoeyte against natural and synthetic these parasites. The low antibody titre may be partly antigens has been well characterized. explained by the relative insensitivity of the BIBLIOGRAPHY Ouchterlony tests. It is possible however that a large Alien E W and McDonial A. 1973. A study of the relationship of proportion of the serum antibody may be bound to the temperature to antibody formation in the cold-blooded animals. parasite, and this could be significant where very large Journal of Immunology. 32: 143-9 numbers of helminths occur in the host. Hence it is Bisset KD. 1948. The effect of temperature upon antibody possible that the parasites bound sufficient antibody so production in coldblooded vertebrates. Journal of pathology that very little is available for immunological assay. and Bacteriology. 60: 87-92. Buchmann K, Lindenstorm T, Bresciani J. 2001. Defence DISCUSSION mechanism against parasites in fish and the prospect for The study of humoral immune response gave a deep vaccine. Acta Parasitologica, 46(2): 71-81. insight in understanding the impact of parasitism and Clem LW and Sigal MM. 1963. Comparative immunochemical ambient temperature on antibody production in the and immunological reactions in marine fishes with soluble viral and bacterial antigens. Federations Proceedings 22: 1138-49. fresh water fishes of the Kashmir waters. Our results are in accordance with Alien and McDonial (1973) and Clem LW and Leslie GA. 1969. Phylogeny of Immunoglobin structure and function in immunology and development, (ed. Bisset (1948) who reported a great effect of M. Adinolfi) pp. 62-88 Laven Press Ltd. temperature on the production of antibodies in fishes and other cold blooded animals. Cushing (1942) Clem Corbel MJ. 1975. The Immune response in fishes: a review. Journal of Fish Biology. 7: 539-53. and Sigal (1963) and Alien and McDonial (1973) suggested that the immune response of the fish is not as Cushing JE. 1942. An effect of temperature upon antibody production in fish. Journal of Immunology. 45: 123-9. fully evolved as that of higher vertebrates. The single class of immunoglobulins in fishes compared with the Evelyn TPT. 1971. The agglutinin response to Socky Salmon vaccinated intraperitonially with a heat killed preparation of several classes in mammals certainly supports this bacterium responsible for salmonid kidney disease. Journal of view, whether this lack of a wide range of Wild Life Diseases. 7: 328-35. immunoglobulin classes which results in deficiency of Fine J and Drilhen A. 1961. Existence de globulines de faible fish immune response to parasites is not yet known. mobilite electrophoretique dans Ie srum de languille soumise a Some examples of protective immunity have been des injections repetees de serum humane. Comptes rendus given by Nigerlli and Breeder (1934) who noted that hebdonadaires Des seances de LA cadame des sciences. 252 : 3891-3. ability of marine fish to develop protection against the external parasite Benedenia. Other workers Harris JE. 1972. The immune response of a Cuprinoid fish to infection of the Acanthocephalan (Pomphorhynchus laevis). (Buchmann et al., 2001) have also recorded increase in International Journal Parasitology. 2: 459-469. the serum globulins of fishes infected with the Klontiz GW, Yasutake WT and Ross AJ. 1966. Bacterial disease of parasitic agents. As majority of teleost species have salmonidi in Western States; pathogenis of Furuncolisis in the β-electrophoretic mobility (Fine and Drilhen 1961; rainbow trout. American Journal ofVeterinary Research. 27: Klontz et al., 1966: Evelyn, 1971 Marchalonis. 1971) 1455-1460 it is consistent that the sera of infected C.carpio and S. Marchalonis J. 1971. Isolation and partial characterization of niger should show increase in the globulins, especially Immunoglobulins of Gold fish. Carassius auratus and carp (Cyprinus carpio).Immunology, 20; 161-173.
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Vol 27 No 2 December - The Indian Society for Parasitology

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