Vol 27 No 2 December - The Indian Society for Parasitology
Vol 27 No 2 December - The Indian Society for Parasitology
Vol 27 No 2 December - The Indian Society for Parasitology
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
92 CSF production induced by L. donovani amastigote components JPD : <strong>Vol</strong>. <strong>27</strong> (2), 2003<br />
also indicate a high order of functional and molecular ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS<br />
similarity between the LDAA-induced CSFs in the<br />
We are grateful to Dr. C. L. Kaul, Director, <strong>for</strong> his help<br />
serum and CM as evidenced by the similar proportion<br />
and continued encouragement during the course of this<br />
of G, M, and GM colonies <strong>for</strong>med under the influence<br />
study. Ms. Priya Singal is grateful to the Council of<br />
of CSFs generated from both these sources, as well as<br />
Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi <strong>for</strong> the<br />
by the selective neutralization of individual CSF.<br />
award of a Senior Research Fellowship (National<br />
<strong>The</strong>se observations also suggest a common induction<br />
Entrance Test). Technical assistance rendered by Mr.<br />
mechanism of CSF production, in vivo and in vitro.<br />
Vijay Misra is greatly acknowledged. NIPER,<br />
Additionally, GM-CSF appeared to be the major<br />
communication <strong>No</strong>. 249.<br />
activity both in the serum and CM.<br />
REFERENCES<br />
Both IL-1 (Lovhaug et al., 1986) and TNF-α (Munker<br />
Armitage JO. 1998. Emerging applications of recombinant human<br />
et al., 1986) are reported to induce the macrophages to<br />
granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Blood.<br />
produce CSFs. Since peritoneal MØs obtained from L. 92: 4491-508.<br />
donovani-infected. mice do not produce IL-1, in vitro<br />
Bogdan C and Rollinghoff M. 1998. <strong>The</strong> immune response to<br />
(Reiner, 1987), it may not account <strong>for</strong> the CSF Leishmania: mechanisms of parasite control and evasion. Int J<br />
induction observed in this study. On the other hand, Parasitol. 28: 121-34.<br />
increased TNF-α levels are reported to occur in the Buchsel PC, Forgey A, Grape FB and Hamann SS. 2002.<br />
CM of L. donovani-infected MØs (Moore and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: current<br />
Matlashewski, 1994) and in the liver of L. donovani- practice and novel approaches. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 6: 198-205.<br />
infected mice (Tumang et al., 1994). <strong>The</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, to Cheers C, Haigh AM, Kelso A, Metcalf D, Stanley ER and Young<br />
AM. 1988. Production of colony-stimulating factor (CSFs)<br />
exclude the possible role of TNF-α in mediating the<br />
during infection: separate determinations of macrophage-,<br />
LDAA-induced production of CSFs, MØs were co- granulocyte-, granulocyte-macrophage- and multi CSFs.<br />
treated with LDAA and neutralizing concentrations of Infect Immun. 56: 247-51.<br />
anti-mouse TNF-α antibody, and the lack of any effect Cotterell SEJ, Engwerda CR and Kaye PM. 2000a. Enhanced<br />
on the CSF production clearly suggested that the hematopoietic activity accompanies parasite expansion in the<br />
LDAA-induced production of CSFs was not mediated spleen and bone marrow of mice infected with Leishmania<br />
by TNF-α.<br />
donovani. Infect Immun. 68: 1840-8.<br />
Cotterell SEJ, Engwerda CR and Kaye PM. 2000b. Leishmania<br />
<strong>The</strong> biological role(s) of CSFs in leishmaniasis donovani infection of bone marrow stromal macrophages<br />
remains largely unclear. Various reports have selectively enhances myelopoiesis, by a mechanism involving<br />
indicated that GM-CSF has a host protective role - GM-CSF and TNF-α. Blood. 95: 1642-51.<br />
enhancing the intracellular inactivation of the parasite Doherty TM and Coffman RL. 1993. Leishmania antigens<br />
(Handman and Burgess, 1979; Weiser et al., 1987; presented by GM-CSF-derived macrophages protect<br />
susceptible mice against challenge with Leishmania major. J<br />
Doherty and Coffman, 1993). Nevertheless, the<br />
Immunol. 150:5476-83.<br />
precise role(s) of CSFs in various disease states are yet<br />
Donahue RE, Wang EA, Stone DK, Kamen R, Wong GG, Sehgal<br />
to be defined. Our results demonstrating LDAA-<br />
PK, et al. 1986. Stimulation of hematopoiesis in primates by<br />
induced CSF production may have two potential continuous infusion of recombinant human GM-CSF. Nature.<br />
implications: that the CSFs induced may merely serve 321: 872-5.<br />
to increase the number of phagocytes, which are the Freund M and Kleine HD. 1992. <strong>The</strong> role of GM-CSF in infection.<br />
host cells <strong>for</strong> parasite expansion "safe targets", as well Infection. 20: S84-92.<br />
as <strong>for</strong> increasing the phagocytic uptake of the parasite, Grabstein KH, Urdal DL, Tushinski RJ, Mochizuki DY, Price VL,<br />
and the CSFs produced may augment the Cantrell MA, et al. 1986. Induction of macrophage tumoricidal<br />
leishmanicidal activity of the MØs. <strong>The</strong>re<strong>for</strong>e, CSFs activity by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating<br />
may play important role(s) in the pathogenesis of VL, factors. Science 232: 506-8.<br />
and detailed studies along these lines will greatly Handman E and Bullen DVR. 2002. Interaction of Leishmania<br />
increase our understanding of the molecular basis of with the host macrophage. Trends Parasitol. 18: 332-4.<br />
the disease processes in VL.<br />
Handman E and Burgess AW. 1979. Stimulation by granulocyte-