Deriving Frictional Parameters and Performing Historical Validation ...

THE FLORIDA WATERSHED JOURNAL 27
and simulated surge levels at gauge locations 572, 8728690, and
8727520. Overall the comparison between model and historic data
appears reasonable. Modeled results compare very well with gauge
hydrographs while maximum difference in HWMs range from 1 to 2
ft with the model results biased lower which seems typical and expected
based on the known physical and limitations of the modeling.
Summary
As part of the development of a storm surge model for use by FEMA
in updating DFIRMs within Wakulla, Jefferson, and Franklin counties
Florida, inputs for the ADCIRC model have been developed to
account for the surface characteristics of the region. Nodal values
of Manning’s-n, anisotropic wind shielding, and vegetative canopy
have been derived from available land-cover datasets. The resulting
model has been used to hindcast several historic hurricanes. The
validation results compare well to the available data.
References
• Arcement, G.J., and V.R. Schneider. 1989. “Guide for Selecting
Manning's Roughness Coefficients for Natural Channels and Flood
Plains”, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2339, U.S.
Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado.
• Barnes, H.H. 1967. “Roughness Characteristics of Natural
Channels,” U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 1849, U.S.
Geological Survey, Washington D.C.
• Cardone, V.J., C.V. Greenwood, and J.A. Greenwood. 1992.
“Unified program for the specification of hurricane boundary layer
winds over surfaces of specified roughness.” Contract Report
CERC-92-1, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Available at: ERDC
Vicksburg (WES), U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment
Station (WES), ATTN: ERDC-ITL-K, 3909 Halls Ferry Road,
Vicksburg, Mississippi, 39180-6199.
• Charnock, H. 1955. “Wind stress on a water surface.” Quart. J.
Royal Met. Society, 81: 639-640.
• Chow, V.T. 1959. Open Channel Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Book
Company, New York.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency. 2005. “HAZUS: Hazard loss
estimation methodology.” http://www.fema. gov/hazus/index.shtm.
• Feyen, J.C., J.H. Atkinson, and J.J. Westerink. 2000. “Issues in
hurricane surge computations using a GWCE-based finite element
model.” Proc., XIII Conf. on Computational Methods in Water
Resources, Vol. II, L. Bentley, J. Sykes, C. Brebbia, W. Gray, and G.
Pinder, Eds., 865-872.
• Garratt, J.R., Review of drag coefficients over oceans and continents,
Monthly Weather Review, V105, 1977, 915-929.
• Hagen , S.C. , A. Zundel and S. Kojima, "Automatic, Unstructured Mesh
Generation for Tidal Calculations in a Large Domain." International
Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics, 20(8), 593-608 (2006).
• Hagen, S. C., Westerink, J. J., Kolar, R. L., and Horstmann, O., "Twodimensional,
unstructured mesh generation for tidal models."
International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 35, 669-686
(2001).
• Ho, F.P., and V.A. Myers. 1975. “ Joint Probability Method of Tide
Frequency Analysis applied to Apalachicola Bay and St. George
Sound, Florida,” NOAA Technical Report NWS 18, 43p.
• Hsu, S.A., Coastal Meteorology, Academic Press, 1988.
• Le Provost, C., F. Lyard, J. Molines, M. Genco, and F. Rabilloud, A
hydrodynamic ocean tide model improved by assimilating a satellite
altimeter-derived data set. Journal of Geophysical Research, v103,
5513-5529, 1998.
• Mukai, A., J.J. Westerink, R.A. Luettich, and D. Mark. 2001b. “A
Tidal Constituent Database for the Western North Atlantic Ocean,
Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea,” Technical Report, U.S. Army
Engineer Research and Development Center.
• Mukai, A., J.J. Westerink, R.A. Luettich, and D. Mark. 2002. “Eastcoast
2001: a tidal constituent database for the Western North Atlantic, Gulf
of Mexico and Caribbean Sea,” U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Research
and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory,
Technical Report, ERDC/CHL TR-02-24. 201p. September.
• National Geodetic Survey: Vertical datums. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/.
• Parrish, D.M., and Hagen, S.C., "Incorporating Spatially Variable
Bottom Stress and Coriolis Force into 2D, a posteriori, Unstructured
Mesh Generation for Shallow Water Models." International Journal
for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 60(3), 237-261 (30 May 2009).
• Parrish, D.M., and Hagen, S.C., "2D, Unstructured Mesh Generation
for Oceanic and Coastal Tidal Models from a Localized Truncation
Error Analysis with Complex Derivatives." International Journal of
Computational Fluid Dynamics, 21(7), 277-296 (2007).
• Powell, M.D., S. Houston, and T. Reinhold, Hurricane Andrew’s
landfall in South Florida. Part I: Standardizing measurements for
documentation of surface wind fields. Weather Forecasting, v11,
1996, 304-328.
• Reid, R.O., and R. Whitaker. 1976. “Wind-driven flow of water
influenced by a canopy.” J. Waterw., Harbors, Coastal Engr. Div.-
Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 102, WW1, 61-77.
• Reid, R. O., and Whitaker, R. E. (1981). “Numerical model for
astronomical tides in the Gulf of Mexico, I: Theory and application.”
Technical Report, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas (prepared for U.S. Army Engineer
Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi).
• Wamsley, T.V., M. A. Cialone, J. M. Smith, J. H. Atkinson, J. D.
Rosati, "The potential of wetlands in reducing storm surge", Ocean
Engineering, v37, 36-47, 2010.
• Westerink, J.J., Blain, C.A., Luettich, R.A., and Scheffner, N.W.
(1994). ADCIRC: An Advanced Three-Dimensional Circulation
Model for Shelves, Coasts, and Estuaries Report No. 2. User’s
Manual for ADCIRC-2DDI, Technical Report DRP-92-6, January
1994, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
John Atkinson: john.atkinson@arcadis-us.com
AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE FWEA AND THE FLORIDA SECTION AWRA