Prediction of batch heat transfer coefficients for pseudoplastic fluids ...
Prediction of batch heat transfer coefficients for pseudoplastic fluids ... Prediction of batch heat transfer coefficients for pseudoplastic fluids ...
(1) the batch was then laeated to abou.t 85 C ana agitated for another thirty minutes. 90 €I The bateh was then ceoled to about 25 C and neutralized. The neutralization is necessary sinee the resin is sup~liea. 1m the free acid ferm and the solutions will mot develop their hi~ €eRsisteney unless they are neutra.lized to a PH of' about 7. OveFneutraliza.tieR to PH of' 8 OP 9, nowever, is not harmfUl. Seaium hydroxide as a. 10 ~ereent solution was added gradually TIRtil a PH of 7 to 7.2 was reaehed. The solution beeame very viscous as 60mplete neutralizati0n vras reaehed. Water 1-JaS then adided to the vessel to bring its volume up to the 1.623 eubie foot volume (10 3/4 inches OR steel seale) and agitated for about forty-five minutes. A 600 ml. s~~le ~roperties. was removed to measure its rheelogiesl The fluid level in the vessel was then l0wered to the 9~ ~eh mark (1.512 eu. ft.) and heated to 90°C and e00led.. A BeH 600 mI. sample was ta.keR and the ola sa:Ml\'le added to the vessel to keep its,level. The heating and eooling cyele was repeated a second t~e to make sure that the fluid properties were constant. The Motor! s pOlver supply and the recorder were first warmed u~ for about 30 mi~utes. Tke batch level w~s eReeke~,
and if' lO"V'l$' a sm.all amount of' wate~ was added -Go make up fol' I!,..,.apora tiol"i los ses (0 A series of Fower m~!HilSU3Jl'(!I)ments were then made. At each speed the dymrunometer s~aleg the rotational speed, and the flm.id height we:pe noted. There vIas not mueh variati1!lB. in ~ight because the baffles elimina:ced vOJ?tex f'ormatiol'l.. However, there were slight increases and these 't-lere taken int ten di.f'f'erm t speeds were investigated ~nd f'our were selected f'or heat transfer runs. The heat transfer run was started by tu:Mll.il1lg en the recorder and steam (low pressure, 8-12 paig.). The water drain valve was closed when steaM started to bellow out of it. The rotational speed was measured with a Smiths Haad Tachometer (11[04el ATH7,,:f: 0.5% aecW?acy).. Between :minute : number four and six the condensate was colleeted ~d weighted. The 8te~ and eondensate temperatures were eaehread ~ee different times. When the batch temperature reached 80-90 0 C the s team was shut off and the Hater drain opeBed. CGolfmg water was then turned OB and set at about 95 ~epeent The of' the rotometer flow rate. Tke speed 1-J'as also mea..::rured twiee more aRd water floH rate H'as checked periodically .. When the batch temperature was e@oled to 25-30 0 C the cooling 91 water was turned o~~ and the jaeket drained. The s trip chart f'rom. a typical run is shovm il'!!. Figu.:ve 4-5.. During hl~ heating cycle the wall temperature is higher
- Page 51 and 52: J9 cooling mediu..:m side, the heat
- Page 53 and 54: 41 ports a value of 3/4-.. He then
- Page 55 and 56: 43 find the effects of one or two o
- Page 57 and 58: 45 The group to the left of the equ
- Page 59 and 60: 47 the highest heat tra...nsfer coe
- Page 61 and 62: 49 A pitched blade turbine gave coe
- Page 63 and 64: SI done on the correlation of heat
- Page 65 and 66: 5J evaluated at the wall temperatur
- Page 67 and 68: ss to (2-46 where ill is the consis
- Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER .2 DEVELOPMENT OF CORRELATI
- Page 71 and 72: momentum" mass" and energy may be ~
- Page 73 and 74: 61 Vr;> Jt.- ,,"Ii'\... ..", ::: (V
- Page 75 and 76: 63 Substitution of these dimensionl
- Page 77 and 78: l/(R + 1) and was able t@ elim.iE.a
- Page 79 and 80: 67 All of the variables and differe
- Page 81 and 82: 69 The average heat transfer coeffi
- Page 83 and 84: N"v = C Iv''' (;';~-"')&'i'~ (%t-n,
- Page 85 and 86: 73 Semi-Empirical Correlation i ..,
- Page 87 and 88: 75 7I1C1?/lfOCOUPLc .JuNe T/ON IMBE
- Page 89 and 90: 77 _I"---- / SCALE I ~~, .5 j t /Z.
- Page 91 and 92: also cop~ected to the pipes leading
- Page 93 and 94: 81 Ve8sel :J all th:l c]me 8 8 .) '
- Page 95 and 96: 83 potentiometer for varing the mot
- Page 97 and 98: 85 MATERIAL 7:0 STAIIJLESS STEEL /
- Page 99 and 100: 11 Wa.ll (Mi€1dl~) Same as #5 81
- Page 101: 89 shea.r ra.tes, tl?1ey a.re unaff
- Page 106 and 107: 94- was about 40-45 ndmutes .. Tke
- Page 108 and 109: 96 vThere N is in rev./sec .. and S
- Page 110 and 111: 88 ql\fETI A = 6 T \--T -s L/kw (1+
- Page 112 and 113: I {)D The generalized Reynolds n~mb
- Page 114 and 115: 02. CHAPTER !2. RESUI,TS Many heat
- Page 116 and 117: 01 TABLE 5-2 sutn~U{Y OF ADDITIONAL
- Page 118 and 119: 108 the batch than the other ticJO
- Page 120 and 121: 108 optimum impeller heights were u
- Page 122 and 123: 10 I r "'" , •• ,'., "",' """",
- Page 124 and 125: 112 correlations for the prediction
- Page 126 and 127: TABLE 5 - 4 Correlation Constants A
- Page 128 and 129: 1/6 Table 5-5 and 5-6. A measure of
- Page 130 and 131: TABLE S - 6 IMPELLER Correlation Co
- Page 132 and 133: 120 greater than 2.0. In this case
- Page 134 and 135: 12.2
- Page 136 and 137: TABLE 5 - 9 CORRELATION E t (a/n +1
- Page 138 and 139: TABLE 5 - 10 IMPELLER Correlation C
- Page 140 and 141: TABLE 5 - 11 CORRELATION G (1.30/61
- Page 142 and 143: 1.30 of the substantial improvement
- Page 144 and 145: 1.3 2. The probable error in the ca
- Page 146 and 147: 134 .,;' : :: :::: : ~ !~. , " . .'
- Page 148 and 149: T." ••••••• ,_ .....
- Page 150 and 151: 38 the cooling of nitration liquors
(1)<br />
the <strong>batch</strong> was then laeated to abou.t 85 C ana agitated <strong>for</strong><br />
another thirty minutes.<br />
90<br />
€I<br />
The bateh was then ceoled to about 25 C and neutralized.<br />
The neutralization is necessary sinee the resin is sup~liea.<br />
1m the free acid ferm and the solutions will mot develop<br />
their hi~ €eRsisteney unless they are neutra.lized to a<br />
PH <strong>of</strong>' about 7. OveFneutraliza.tieR to PH <strong>of</strong>' 8 OP 9, nowever,<br />
is not harmfUl. Seaium hydroxide as a. 10 ~ereent<br />
solution was added gradually TIRtil a PH <strong>of</strong> 7 to 7.2 was<br />
reaehed. The solution beeame very viscous as 60mplete<br />
neutralizati0n vras reaehed.<br />
Water 1-JaS then adided to the vessel to bring its<br />
volume up to the 1.623 eubie foot volume (10 3/4 inches<br />
OR steel seale) and agitated <strong>for</strong> about <strong>for</strong>ty-five minutes.<br />
A 600 ml. s~~le<br />
~roperties.<br />
was removed to measure its rheelogiesl<br />
The fluid level in the vessel was then l0wered<br />
to the 9~ ~eh mark (1.512 eu. ft.) and <strong>heat</strong>ed to 90°C<br />
and e00led..<br />
A BeH 600 mI. sample was ta.keR and the ola sa:Ml\'le<br />
added to the vessel to keep its,level. The <strong>heat</strong>ing and<br />
eooling cyele was repeated a second t~e to make sure that<br />
the fluid properties were constant.<br />
The Motor! s pOlver supply and the recorder were first<br />
warmed u~ <strong>for</strong> about 30 mi~utes. Tke <strong>batch</strong> level w~s eReeke~,
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