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Table III: Reported naloxone use among 50 Edmonton area opioid users after 1 year of a pilot project<br />

Variable N (%)<br />

Recipient:<br />

A friend<br />

An acquaintance<br />

My partner<br />

A stranger<br />

Myself<br />

Location of Use:<br />

Private Residence<br />

Other<br />

On the street<br />

Drugs involved in the overdose *<br />

Opioid<br />

Cocaine/Crack<br />

Other drugs<br />

Alcohol<br />

*<br />

Totals N>9 due to more than one drug being involved in some overdoses.<br />

3 (33%)<br />

3 (33%)<br />

1 (11%)<br />

1 (11%)<br />

1 (11%)<br />

4 (44%)<br />

3 (33%)<br />

2 (22%)<br />

9 (100%)<br />

4 (44%)<br />

2 (22%)<br />

1 (11%)<br />

Table IV: Comparison of Participant Drug Use Before and After Naloxone Training<br />

Drug Baseline (N) * Exit (N) p-value<br />

Opioids:<br />

Heroin<br />

Morphine<br />

Hydromorphone<br />

Codeine<br />

Oxycodone<br />

Propoxyphene<br />

Methadone<br />

Stimulants:<br />

Crack<br />

Cocaine<br />

Methamphetamines<br />

Others:<br />

Benzodiazepines<br />

Marijuana<br />

Alcohol<br />

3<br />

13<br />

8<br />

9<br />

12<br />

2<br />

7<br />

14<br />

8<br />

5<br />

13<br />

7<br />

8<br />

*<br />

N represents the number of people who reported regular use during the last six months.<br />

3<br />

7<br />

4<br />

8<br />

7<br />

1<br />

8<br />

12<br />

3<br />

1<br />

8<br />

8<br />

9<br />

1.0<br />

0.05<br />

0.26<br />

1.0<br />

0.12<br />

0.60<br />

1.0<br />

0.13<br />

0.60<br />

0.17<br />

0.11<br />

1.0<br />

1.0<br />

References<br />

November 2012<br />

Patra J, Taylor B, Rehm JT, Baliunas D, Popova S. Substanceattributable<br />

morbidity and mortality changes to Canada’s<br />

epidemiological profile: measurable differences over a ten-year<br />

period. Can J Public Health 2007;98(3):228-34.<br />

Rehm J, Gnam W, Popova S, Baliunas D, Brochu S, Fischer B, et al.<br />

The costs of alcohol, illegal drugs, and tobacco in Canada, 2002.<br />

J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2007;68(6):886-95.<br />

Popova S, Rehm J, Fischer B. An overview of illegal opioid use<br />

and health services utilization in Canada. Public Health<br />

2006;120(4):320-8.<br />

Fischer B, Rehm J, Goldman B, Popova S. Non-medical use of<br />

prescription opioids and public health in Canada: an urgent call<br />

for research and interventions development. Can J Public Health<br />

2008;99(3):182-4.<br />

Currie CL, Schopflocher DP, Wild TC. Prevalence and correlates of<br />

12-month prescription drug misuse in Alberta. Can J Psychiatry<br />

2011;56(1):27-34.<br />

Hsu W, Rao RB, Nelson LS. Naloxone hazards overstated. J Toxicol<br />

Clin Toxicol 1997;35(2):215-7.<br />

Sporer KA, Kral KH. Prescription naloxone: a novel approach to heroin<br />

overdose prevention. Ann Emerg Med 2007;49(2):172-7.<br />

Baca CT, Grant KJ. Take-home naloxone to reduce heroin death.<br />

<strong>Addiction</strong> 2005;100(12):1823-31.<br />

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