Review

“√∫—≠ Table of Contents
ISSN 0125 - 2364
∫√√≥“∏‘°“√·∂≈ß
∫∑§«“¡
❐ ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π
·≈–‰π‚µ√®’‡π „π°“√º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ
¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Factors Influencing Hydrogenase and
Nitrogenase Activity in Cyanobacterial
Biohydrogen Production
«ÿ≤‘π—π∑å √—°…“®‘µ√å
§¡ —π —®®– ∂“æ√................................. 1
❐ æ◊¥—¥·ª≈ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡°—∫°“√∂à“¬Ω“° “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
¥â«¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Genetically Modified Plants with Agrobacterium
tumefaciens : a tool for Plant Transformation
¿æ‡°â“ æÿ∑∏√—°…å...................................... 14
❐ °“√‡µ√’¬¡´’√—¡¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§Õ¬à“ßßà“¬‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§âπæ∫
“√∫àß’È∑“ß’«¿“æ
Simple Techniques for Serum Preparations in
Biomarkers Discovery
»‘√‘æ√ ¿—∑√°‘®°”®√
¡π∑‘√“ ®–π—π∑å....................................... 28
❐ ·π«‚πâ¡°“√„âª√–‚¬π宓°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
Trend of Usage from Halophilic Archaea
»‘√‘≈—°…≥å π“¡«ß…å.................................. 36

“√∫—≠ Table of Contents
ISSN 0125 - 2364
❐
∫∑§«“¡
æ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ —ß‡§√“–Àå: π‘¥ °“√ —߇§√“–Àå
·≈– ¡∫—µ‘¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
Synthetic Bioplastics: Types, Synthesis
and Properties of Poly(lactic acid)s
¡—ß°√ »√’ –Õ“¥
¬Õ¥∏ß „∫¡“°...................................... 52
❐ µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ PTCR-BaTiO 3
PTCR-BaTiO 3
Heating Element
ÿ∏√√¡ »√’À≈à¡ —°................................. 71
ß“π«‘®—¬
❐
❐
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õߺ≈º≈‘µ®“°
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√奢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
Antioxidant Activity of Maillard Reaction
Product from Chitosan and Sugar
πæ√—µπå ¡–‡À
ºÿ ¥’ ¡ÿÀ–À¡—¥
Õÿ‰√«√√≥ «—≤π°ÿ≈................................ 80
§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–·≈–Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π
√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
Characterization and Shelf Life of Cold
Pressed Organic Jasmine Rice Bran oil
¿—∑√“¿√≥å ·°â«°Ÿ≈................................ 96

“√∫—≠ Table of Contents
ISSN 0125 - 2364
ß“π«‘®—¬
❐ ≈“¬π‘È«¡◊Õ·≈–æÀÿªí≠≠“: °“√»÷°…“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ
Fingerprint Pattern and Multiple Intelligence:
a Preliminary Study
Somsong Nanakorn
Niyada Honark
Supannee Ungpansattawong
Wichuda Chaisiwamongko
Amnuay Maneesriwongu
Rassame Suwanwerakamtorn
Sarintip Raksasataya
Kusuma Chusilp........................... 105
❐ Effect of Chitosan on Growth and
Development of Phalaenopsis cornucervi
(Breda) Blume & Rchb.f.
Somporn Prasertsongskun
Witool Chaipakdee........................ 113
❐ °“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥åÕ¬à“ßßà“¬
„πµ—«Õ¬à“߬“¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’‚¥¬„â
8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π‡ªìπ√’‡Õ‡®πµå„π°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√à«¡
Simple Analytical Method for the Determination
of Sulfonamides in Pharmaceutical Preparations
by Spectrophotometry Using 8-Hydroxyquinoline
as Coupling Reagent
Õ√‘»√“ ®√“°√
«‘¿“√—µπå ‡◊ÈÕ«¥
√—µπ“ π—Ëπ‡¡◊Õß.................................... 120

“√∫—≠ Table of Contents
ISSN 0125 - 2364
ß“π«‘®—¬
❐ °“√§”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â„π∫√√¬“°“»
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
Calculation of Precipitable Water Vapor
in the Atmosphere of Thailand
“¬—πµå ‚æ∏‘χ°µÿ.................................... 130
❐ °“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑»‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“
°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π‡¢µæ◊Èπ∑’Ë“¬·¥π: °√≥’»÷°…“
Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈‚ππ¥‘π·¥ß Õ”‡¿Õ
‚ππ¥‘π·¥ß ®—ßÀ«—¥∫ÿ√’√—¡¬å
An Application of Geoinformation Technology
to Study Ownership in Margin Areas : A Case
Study in Non Din Deang Sub-district
Administrative Organization, Amphoe
Non Din Deang, Buriram Province
§√√‘µ æ‘√–¿“§.................................... 137
❐ µ—«ª√–¡“≥Õ—µ√“ à«πµ—«„À¡à¢Õß§à“‡©≈’ˬª√–“°√
„π°“√ ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫Õ¬à“ßßà“¬
A new Ratio Estimator of a Population in
Random Sampling
®—π∑√“ ª√–‡ √‘∞ °ÿ≈
π‘¿“¥“ æ“¿—°¥’................................. 149

ISSN 0125 - 2364
Publisher
Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University,
Thailand.
Office
Faculty of Science, Building 6, Khon Kaen
University. Khon Kaen Thailand, 40002
Tel. 0-4320-2372 Fax 0-4320-2371
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in all fields of science.
2. To publish research results of faculty,
researchers and students.
3. To be a medium for the exchange of
knowledge and ideas among faculty,
researchers and students of Khon Kaen
University and other institutions.
Publishing frequency
KKU Science Journal is a quarterly
journal. Each volume consists of 4 numbers.
Number 1 January - March
Number 2 April - June
Number 3 July - September
Number 4 October- December
Advisory Committee
Dean, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University
(Assist. Prof. Dr. Kiat Sangaroon)
Act for Editor
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sakda Daduang
Editorial Board
Khon Kaen University
Prof. Dr. M.R. Jisnuson Svasti Mahidol University
Prof. Dr. Supot Hannongbua Chulalongkorn University
Prof. Dr. Chidchanok Lursinsap Chulalongkorn University
Prof. Dr. Sukit Limpijumnong Suranaree University
of Technology
Prof. Dr. Arun Puttanothai Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chutima Hanjavanit Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sartra Wongthanavasu Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Supalax Srijaranai Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Somdej Kanokmedhakul Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sujitra Youngme Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Kitti Akamphon Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Supunnee Ungpansattawong Khon Kaen University
Assoc. Prof. Amnuay Maneesriwongkul Khon Kaen University
Assist. Prof. Dr. Kittikorn Nakprasit Khon Kaen University
Assist. Prof. Dr. Ngamnit Art-In Khon Kaen University
Assist. Prof. Dr. Wilailak Siripornadulsil Khon Kaen University
Assist. Prof. Dr. Sriprajak Krongsuk Khon Kaen University
Assist. Prof. Dr. Adcharaporn Pagdee Khon Kaen University
Dr. Kanlaya Kong-ngern Khon Kaen University
Dr. Keaitsuda Nakprasit Khon Kaen University
Dr. Nonglak Meethong Khon Kaen University
Dr. Pornpimol Jieranaipreeprem Khon Kaen University
Dr. Polson Mahakhan
Khon Kaen University
Dr. Rina Pattaramanon Khon Kaen University
Dr. Wijarn Sodsiri
Khon Kaen University
Artists
Mr.Kilen Tinnoraset
Khon Kaen University
Managing Staff and Secretary
Miss Suphaporn Phimwapi
Miss Phikun Ratphonsan
Miss Jiraporn Pimphumee
Miss Jaroonluk Suporn
Mr.Saksit Suwan
Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen University
Khon Kaen University
ç With the Financial Support
of the Commission on
Higher Education é
The views and opinions expressed in this journal are those of the author(s), and do not
necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the editorial board.

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«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 1-13 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 1-13 (2011)
ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π
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¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Factors Influencing Hydrogenase and Nitrogenase
Activity in Cyanobacterial Biohydrogen Production
«ÿ≤‘π—π∑å √—°…“®‘µ√å 1* §¡ —π —®®– ∂“æ√ 1
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¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å„πªí®®ÿ∫—π ‡àπ ªí≠À“«‘°ƒµπÈ”¡—π √“§“
πÈ”¡—π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡º—πº«π·≈–æÿàß Ÿß¢÷Èπ„πà«ß‡«≈“∑’Ë
ºà“π¡“ ·≈–§“¥«à“®–¡’√“§“ Ÿß¢÷ÈπÕ’°„πÕ𓧵
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·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“πÀ≈—°¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰¥â®“°°“√ —𥓪
(combustion) ‡◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßøÕ ´‘≈À√◊ÕπÈ”¡—π¥‘∫ àߺ≈
„Àâ„πªí®®ÿ∫—π‡°‘¥§«“¡¢“¥·§≈πæ≈—ßß“πøÕ ´‘≈®π
Õ¬Ÿà„π¢—Èπ«‘°ƒµ Õ’°∑—Èß°“√ —𥓪‡◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ßøÕ ´‘≈
∑”„À⇰‘¥°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®° (greenhouse gas) Õ—π‰¥â·°à
§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å (CO 2
) ¡’‡∑π (CH 4
) ·≈–
‰¥‰π‚µ√‡®π¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å (N 2
O) ‡ªìπµâπ °ä“´¥—ß°≈à“«
àߺ≈µàÕ°“√‡°‘¥¿“«–‚≈°√âÕπ (global warming)
‚¥¬µ√ßµ“¡¡“ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√»÷°…“§âπ§«â“«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕ
‡ “–À“·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π∑¥·∑π„π√Ÿª·∫∫Õ◊Ëπ‡¢â“¡“„â
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¡≈æ‘…µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ≈—ßß“π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π (hydrogen
energy) ‡ªìπ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π∑“߇≈◊Õ°Õ’°√Ÿª·∫∫Àπ÷Ëß
∑’Ë “¡“√∂π”¡“∑¥·∑π‰¥â ¥â«¬‡Àµÿº≈‡‘ß∫«°À≈“¬
Õ¬à“ß ‡àπ „π¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ≈—ßß“π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
‡ªìπ‡◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß∑’Ë –Õ“¥ (clean fuel) ‡ªìπ°ä“´∑’ˉ¡à¡’ ’
·≈–‰¡à¡’°≈‘Ëπ ‡¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°‡º“‰À¡â¥â«¬ÕÕ°´‘‡®π„Àâ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ªìππÈ”·≈–§«“¡√âÕπ´÷Ë߉¡à¡’°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®°
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®÷߇ªìπ¡‘µ√µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ (Lindblad, 1999)
ªí®®ÿ∫—π¡’°“√„âæ≈—ßß“π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π∑’˺≈‘µ¢÷Èπ®“°
°√–∫«π°“√∑“߇§¡’‡ªìπ‡◊ÈÕ‡æ≈‘ß„πÀ≈“¬¥â“π ·µà
µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ¬—ß§ß ŸßÕ¬Ÿà π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑—Ë«‚≈°®÷ß
À—π¡“ π„®»÷°…“æ≈—ßß“π‰Œ‚¥√‡®π®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬ À√◊Õ
∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ (biohydrogen) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
‡ªìπ¡‘µ√µàÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡¡“°°«à“°√–∫«π°“√∑“߇§¡’
·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ ‰¥â·°à
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬
· ß·≈–·∫§∑’‡√’¬π‘¥‰¡à„âÕÕ°´‘‡®π ‡ªìπµâπ
1
¿“§«‘“‡∑§π‘§°“√ —µ«·æ∑¬å §≥–‡∑§π‘§°“√ —µ«·æ∑¬å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å ‡¢µ®µÿ®—°√ °√ÿ߇∑æœ 10900
* Corresponding Author, E-mail: cvtwnr@ku.ac.th

2 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ À√◊Õ “À√à“¬ ’‡¢’¬«·°¡
πÈ”‡ß‘π (cyanobacteria À√◊Õ blue-green algae
À√◊Õ cyanophytes) ®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„πÕ“≥“®—°√‚ª√§“√‘‚Õµ“
(kingdom of prokaryota) ¥‘«‘—π‰´¬“‚π‰øµ“
(division of cyanophyta) (Oren, 2004) °“√®—¥®”·π°
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ „π√–¥—∫¢Õß®’π— ·≈– ªï´’ å®–
Õ“»—¬≈—°…≥–∑“ß —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“ (Rippka, 1988) ‚¥¬
æ‘®“√≥“®“°≈—°…≥–°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ ‡ªìπ‡´≈≈凥’ˬ«
√«¡°—π‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡ À√◊Õ‡√’¬ßµ—«°—πÕ¬Ÿà‡ªìπ‡ â𠓬 ·≈–
≈—°…≥–¢Õß‚§‚≈π’∫πÕ“À“√·¢Áß (solid agar) ‡ªìπµâπ
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬¡’√Ÿª√à“ß 2 ·∫∫ §◊Õ (1) ‡ªìπ
‚§‚≈π’À√◊Õ‡´≈≈凥’ˬ«∑’ˉ¡à‡ªìπ‡ â𠓬 (single cell,
unicellular or non filamentous form) ‡àπ Chroococcus
sp., Eucapsis sp., Merismopedia sp. ·≈– Anacystis
sp. ‡ªìπµâπ (2) ¡’√Ÿª√à“߇ªìπ‡ â𠓬 (filamentous form)
‡´≈≈å®–‡√’¬ßµàÕ°—π‡ªìπ‡ â𠓬µ√ß·≈–‡√’¬∫‰¡à¡’°“√
·µ°·¢πß ‡àπ Anabaena sp., Lyngbya sp., Nostoc
sp. ·≈– Oscillatoria sp. ‡ªìπµâπ À√◊Õ‡´≈≈å∫‘¥‡ªìπ
‡°≈’¬« ‡àπ Spirulina sp. ‡ªìπµâ𠂧√ß √â“߇´≈≈å
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ºπ—߇´≈≈å (cell wall)
¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å¡’‰√‚∫‚´¡ (ribosome) ‰¡à¡’‡¬◊ËÕÀÿâ¡
𑫇§≈’¬ ¡’‰∑≈“§Õ¬¥å (thylakoid) ·≈–¡’§≈Õ‚√øî≈≈å‡Õ
(chlorophyll a) „â„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß πÕ°®“°
π’Ȭ—ß¡’‡¡Á¥ ’æ«°·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å (carotenoid) ‰ø‚§∫‘≈‘π
(phycobilin) ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ‰ø‚§‰´¬“π‘π
(phycocyanin) ·≈–‰ø‚§Õ‘√‘∑√‘π (phycoerythrin)
(Oren, 2004)
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡ªìπ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
“¡“√∂ª√—∫µ—«„À⇢⓰—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’ËÕ“»—¬‰¥â¥’
·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¡“√∂π”æ≈—ßß“π
· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å·≈–§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å¡“„⇪ìπ·À≈àß
æ≈—ßß“π‰¥â‚¥¬µ√ß„π√Ÿª¢ÕßπÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ ºà“π
°√–∫«π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√૬≈¥
ª√‘¡“≥°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®°·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥ÕÕ°´‘‡®π‰¥â
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬π—∫‡ªìπºŸâº≈‘µ‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ (primary
producer) ·≈–‡ªìπ∑√—欓°√∏√√¡“µ‘∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“
‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫æ◊—Èπ Ÿß (oxygenic photosynthesis plant)
¥â«¬§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß∫«°À≈“¬¥â“π¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å∑—Ë«‚≈°®÷ßπ‘¬¡„≴¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
‡ªìπµâπ·∫∫„πß“π«‘®—¬∑“ß’«‡§¡’ æ—π∏ÿ«‘»«°√√¡
·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’’«¿“æ ∫∑§«“¡π’È°≈à“«∂÷ß≈—°…≥–
¡∫—µ‘¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å 2 °≈ÿà¡ ‰¥â·°à ‰π‚µ√®’‡π
(nitrogenase) ·≈–‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (hydrogenase) (Das and
Veziroglu, 2001; Tamagnini et al., 2007) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
’«¿“æ„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ √«¡∑—Èß°≈à“«∂÷ßªí®®—¬
¿“¬„π·≈–ªí®®—¬¿“¬πÕ°∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈‚¥¬µ√ßµàÕ
·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å∑—Èß Õß„π°“√º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
’«¿“æ¥â«¬
‰π‚µ√®’‡π (nitrogenase) ‡ªìπ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë
æ∫‰¥â„π‚§√ß √â“߇Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå (heterocyst) ¢Õß
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬·∫∫‡ â𠓬 (filamentous
cyanobacteria) ∑’ˇ®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¢“¥‰π‚µ√‡®π
(nitrogen deficiency) ¿“¬„π‡Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå ‰´¬“‚π
·∫§∑’‡√’¬®–µ√÷߉π‚µ√‡®π„πÕ“°“»·≈⫇ª≈’ˬπ‰ª
‡ªìπ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬°—∫‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‚¥¬„âæ≈—ßß“π ATP
(√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ‰π‚µ√®’‡π ∑’Ëæ∫„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬¡’
√Ÿª·∫∫∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π 3 √Ÿª·∫∫ ´÷Ëß·∫àßµ“¡π‘¥¢Õß
‚≈À–∑’ˇªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫√à«¡„π‚§√ß √â“ß ‰¥â·°à
‚¡≈‘ª¥’π—¡‰π‚µ√®’‡π (Mo-containing nitrogenase)
(Thiel, 1993) «“‡π‡¥’¬¡‰π‚µ√®’‡π (V-containing
nitrogenase) (Kentemich et al., 1991) ·≈–‰ÕÕÕπ
‰π‚µ√®’‡π (Fe-containing nitrogenase) (Bishop and
Premakumar, 1992) ‚§√ß √â“ߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π 2
Àπ૬ §◊Õ ‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π ·≈–‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π √’¥—§‡∑
(Flores and Herrero, 1994; Orme-Johnson, 1992)
1. ‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π (dinitrogenase) ‡ªìπ
‡Õπ‰´¡å´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°∂Õ¥√À— ·≈–·ª≈√À— ®“°¬’π nifD ·≈–
nifK ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π 2 Àπ૬¬àÕ¬ §◊Õ ‚ª√µ’π
NifD ·≈–‚ª√µ’π NifK µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß
‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π ‡ªìπ heterotetramer (NifD-α 2 Àπ૬
·≈– NifK-β 2 Àπ૬) ¡’¢π“¥‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ª√–¡“≥ 220

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 3
∂÷ß 240 °‘‚≈¥“≈µ—π (Tamagnini et al., 2007)
2. ‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π √’¥—°‡∑ (dinitrogenase
reductase) ‡ªìπ‡Õπ‰´¡å´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°∂Õ¥√À— ·≈–·ª≈√À—
®“°¬’π nifH ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π NifH 2 Àπ૬
‚§√ß √â“ߢÕ߉¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π √’¥—§‡∑ ‡ªìπ homodimer
¡’¢π“¥‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ª√–¡“≥ 60 ∂÷ß 70 °‘‚≈¥“≈µ—π
‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π √’¥—§‡∑ ¡’Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπµ—«°≈“ߢπ àß
Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®“° ferredoxin À√◊Õ flavodoxin ‰ª„Àâ°—∫
‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π (Masepohl et al., 1997)
‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (hydrogenase)
1. Õ—æ‡∑§ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (uptake hydrogenase)
‡ªìπ‡Õπ‰´¡å´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°∂Õ¥√À— ·≈–·ª≈√À— ®“°¬’π
hupSL(C) ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π 3 Àπ૬¬àÕ¬ §◊Õ
‚ª√µ’π HupL ¢π“¥‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ª√–¡“≥ 60 °‘‚≈¥“≈µ—π
‚ª√µ’π HupS ¢π“¥‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ª√–¡“≥ 35 °‘‚≈¥“≈µ—π
·≈–‚ª√µ’π HupC ´÷Ë߬—߉¡à‰¥â√—∫°“√¬◊π¬—π§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
·≈–Àπâ“∑’Ë (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ—æ‡∑§ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π
“¡“√∂æ∫‰¥â∑’ˇ¬◊ËÕ‰∑≈“§Õ¬¥å¢Õ߇Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå¢Õß
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬·∫∫‡ â𠓬 ‰¥â·°à Anabaena strain
PCC 7120, Nostoc strain PCC 73102, Nostoc
punctiforme ATCC 29133, Anabaena variabilis ATCC
29413, Lyngbya majuscule CCAP 1446/4 (Happe et
al., 2000; Linberg et al., 2000; Leitão et al., 2005)
·≈– Gloeothece sp. ATCC 27152 (Oliveira et al.,
2004) ‡ªìπµâπ ‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ—æ‡∑§ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π ¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë
√—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®“°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰ª àß„Àâ°—∫
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ÕÕ°´‘‡®π¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√À“¬„®√–¥—∫‡´≈≈å
2. ‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (bidirectional
hydrogenase) À√◊Õ‡√’¬°Õ’°◊ËÕ«à“ √’‡«Õ√å ‘‡∫‘≈ ‰Œ‚¥√
®’‡π (reversible hydrogenase) ‡ªìπ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ëæ∫
∫√‘‡«≥‡¬◊ËÕ‰´‚µæ≈“ ´÷¡¢Õ߇´≈≈å ·µà°≈‰°°“√∑”ß“π
∑’Ë·∑â®√‘߬—߉¡à∑√“∫·πà—¥ —ππ‘…∞“π«à“¡’∫∑∫“∑
‡ªìπµ—«√—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®“° NADH À√◊Õ H 2
(Boison
et al., 1999) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ‡Õπ‰´¡å‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈ ‰Œ‚¥√
®’‡π ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°∂Õ¥√À— ·≈–·ª≈√À— ®“°¬’π hoxEFUYH
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚ª√µ’πÀ≈—° 2 à«π∑”ß“π√à«¡°—π
(dimeric protein association) (Schmitz et al., 1995;
2002) §◊Õ (1) à«π¢Õ߉Œ‚¥√®’‡π (hydrogenase
subunit) ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°∂Õ¥√À— ·≈–·ª≈√À— ®“°¬’π hoxYH
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π 2 Àπ૬¬àÕ¬ §◊Õ ‚ª√µ’π HoxH
·≈–‚ª√µ’π HoxY ¢π“¥‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ª√–¡“≥ 49 ·≈–
24 °‘‚≈¥“≈µ—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫ (2) à«π¢Õ߉¥Õ–‚ø‡√
(diaphorase subunit) ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°∂Õ¥√À— ·≈–·ª≈√À—
®“°¬’π hoxEFU ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π 3 Àπ૬¬àÕ¬
§◊Õ ‚ª√µ’π HoxE, ‚ª√µ’π HoxU ·≈–‚ª√µ’π HoxF
¢π“¥‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ª√–¡“≥ 20, 28 ·≈– 61 °‘‚≈¥“≈µ—π
µ“¡≈”¥—∫ æ∫‡Õπ‰´¡å‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π
„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬À≈“°À≈“¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå ‰¥â·°à
Synechocystis strain PCC 6803, Synechococcus strain
6301, Anabaena strain PCC 7120, Anabaena variabilis
strain ATCC 29413, Anabaena variabilis strain IAM
M58 (Schmitz et al., 1995; 2002), Microcystis
aeruginosa (Asada et al., 1987) ·≈– Spirulina maxima
(Llama et al., 1979) ‡ªìπµâπ

4 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 °≈‰°≈°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‡¡µ“∫Õ≈‘ ¡„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
(1) ‡Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π (nitrogenase) ´÷Ëßæ∫‰¥â„π‚§√ß √â“߇Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå (heterocyst) ∑”Àπâ“∑’˵√÷ß
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰π‚µ√‡®π·≈–‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡ªìπ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬·≈–‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π °≈‰°°“√∑”ß“π‡√‘Ë¡®“°Àπ૬¬àÕ¬
‰¥‚µ√®’‡π √’¥—§‡∑ (NifH) √—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ¿“¬πÕ°®“°µ—«„ÀâÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ ferredoxin À√◊Õ flavodoxin
·≈â« àßÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ„ÀâÀπ૬¬àÕ¬‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π (NifDK) ®“°π—Èπ‰¥‰π‚µ√®’‡π ®–√’¥‘«´å‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
‰π‚µ√‡®π‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡ªìπ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬ ·≈–‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π´÷Ëß„π°√–∫«π°“√µâÕß„âæ≈—ßß“π ATP (2)
‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ—æ‡∑§ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (uptake hydrogenase, HupSL(C)) ´÷Ëßæ∫‰¥â∑’ˇ¬◊ËÕ‰∑≈“§Õ¬¥å¢Õß
‡Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå ∑”Àπâ“∑’ËÕÕ°´‘‰¥´å‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰ª‡ªìπ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰ÕÕÕπ (H + ) ·≈–Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ
(3) ‡Õπ‰´¡å‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (bidirectional hydrogenase) ´÷Ëßæ∫‰¥â∫√‘‡«≥‡¬◊ËÕ‰´‚µæ≈“ ´÷¡
¢Õ߇´≈≈å ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√’¥‘«´å‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰ÕÕÕπ°≈—∫‰ª‡ªìπ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π °≈‰°°“√∑”ß“π¬—߉¡à∑√“∫
·πà—¥ —ππ‘…∞“π«à“‡ªìπ°“√∑”ß“π§«∫§Ÿà°—π¢ÕßÀπ૬¬àÕ¬‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (HoxHY) ·≈–‰¥Õ–‚ø‡√
(HoxEFU) „π°“√√—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®“° NADH ·≈â« àßÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ„Àâ°—∫‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰ÕÕÕπ‡°‘¥º≈‘µº≈
‡ªìπ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π·≈– NAD + (Tamagnini et al., 2007)

å
∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 5
‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π ‡ªìπ‡Õπ‰´¡å„π°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë¡’‚≈À–
π‘°‡°‘≈ (Ni) ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫„π‚§√ß √â“߇àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫
‡Õπ‰´¡å¬Ÿ√’‡Õ (urease) ·≈–§“√å∫Õπ ¡ÕπÕ°‰´¥å
¥’‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase)
(Casalot and Rousset, 2001) °≈ÿࡇÕπ‰´¡å‡À≈à“π’È
µâÕß°“√‚ª√µ’πµ—«à«¬ (auxiliary protein À√◊Õ
accessory protein) „π°“√∑”ß“π ®“°°“√»÷°…“
§ÿ≥≈—°…≥– ¡∫—µ‘¢Õß‚ª√µ’πµ—«à«¬ æ∫«à“ ≈”¥—∫
𑫧≈’‚Õ‰∑¥å·≈–≈”¥—∫°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å¡’§«“¡
§≈⓬°—π·≈–Õπÿ√—°…å (homology and conservation)
„π°≈ÿà¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬ (Lutz et al., 1991) ‡Õπ‰´¡å‰Œ‚¥√
®’‡π ¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬¡’‚ª√µ’πµ—«à«¬√à«¡∑”ß“π
‡àπ°—π §◊Õ °≈ÿà¡‚ª√µ’π Hyp (HypB, HypA, HypE,
HypD, HypC ·≈– HypF) ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°∂Õ¥√À— ·≈–·ª≈
√À— ®“°¬’π hypBAEDCF (Wünschiers et al., 2003)
°≈ÿà¡‚ª√µ’π Hyp æ∫„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬À≈“°À≈“¬
“¬æ—π∏ÿå Õ“∑‘ Trichodesmium erythraeum IMS101,
Anabaena strain PCC 7120 ·≈– Synechocystis strain
PCC 6803, Synechococcus strain 6301, Nostoc strain
PCC 73102, Nostoc punctiforme ATCC 29133,
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 ·≈– Lyngbya
majuscule CCAP 1446/4 (Happe et al., 2000; Linberg
et al., 2000; Leitão et al., 2005; Tamagnini et al.,
2007)
ªí®®—¬∑’Ë àߺ≈µàÕ°“√º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ
„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
ªí®®—¬¿“¬„π (Intrinsic factors) Õ“∑‘‡àπ
°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å„π‡¡µ“∫Õ≈‘ ¡
·≈–°“√ —߇§√“–À凴≈≈å摇»… ‡ªìπµâπ ‡´≈≈å¡’°≈‰°
„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡åÕ—æ‡∑§
‰Œ‚¥√‚√®’‡π ·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡å‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π
‡æ◊ËÕ૬√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å Õ“∑‘ °“√
≈¥·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡åÕ—æ‡∑§ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π §«∫§Ÿà
°—∫°“√‡æ‘Ë¡·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈
‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (Tamagnini et al., 2002) °“√∑”„À⬒π∑’Ë
—߇§√“–Àå‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ—æ‡∑§ ‰Œ‚√®’‡π ‡ ’¬Àπâ“∑’ˉª (hup
gene knock-out) ૬‡æ‘Ë¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√º≈‘µ
‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ (Tamagnini et al., 2002) ‰´¬“
‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Nostoc muscorum ∑’ˉ¡à¡’¬’π hupL π—Èπ
‰¡à “¡“√∂ÕÕ°´‘‰¥´å‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰¥â (Axelsson
et al., 1999) ‡¡◊ËÕ√–¥—∫°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß‚ª√µ’π HupL
¢Õß Lyngbya majuscule ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ æ∫«à“ ·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’
¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡åÕ—æ‡∑§ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¥â«¬‡àπ°—π
(Leitão et al., 2005) ·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π
·≈–‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π ∂Ÿ°¬—∫¬—Èߥ⫬‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ÕÕ°´‘‡®π∑’ˇ°‘¥
¢÷Èπ®“°°√–∫«π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß ‰´¬“‚π
·∫§∑’‡√’¬®÷ß¡’°≈‰°„π°“√ª°ªÑÕ߉¡à„Àâ‡Õπ‰´¡å —¡º—
°—∫‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ÕÕ°´‘‡®π‰¥â‚¥¬µ√ß Õ“∑‘‡àπ (1) °“√
√â“߇´≈≈å摇»…¢÷Èπ„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬π‘¥
µ√÷߉π‚µ√‡®π ‡√’¬°«à“ ‡Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå (heterocyst)
(√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) ૬„π°“√µ√÷߉π‚µ√‡®π„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’
ÕÕ°´‘‡®π (aerobic condition) ‡Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå‰¡à‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß
°—∫°√–∫«π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷߉¡à¡’
°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ‡Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π ®÷ß∑”ß“π
‰¥âª°µ‘ (Lang et al., 1987; Fay, 1992; Adams, 2000)
(2) ¡’°“√°√–µÿâπ°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π
·≈–‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π „πà«ß ¿“«–∑’ˉ¡à¡’· ß §«“¡‡¢â¡
· ßπâÕ¬À√◊Õ∑’Ë¡◊¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥‚Õ°“ —¡º— °—∫‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
ÕÕ°´‘‡®π∑’Ë∂Ÿ°º≈‘µ¢÷Èπ¢≥– —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß ´÷Ëß
°√–∫«π°“√π’È®–æ∫‰¥â„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿ
∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂ √â“߇Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå (Bergman et al., 1997)

6 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 °“√ª√“°Ø¢Õ߇Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå (heterocysts) a) ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬π‘¥µ√÷߉π‚µ√‡®π Anabaena variabilis
(µ”·Àπàß∑’Ë≈Ÿ°»√’ȧ◊Õ‡Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå) ¿“梬“¬ 300 ‡∑à“ (bar —; 20 ‰¡‚§√‡¡µ√) (Lang et al., 1987)
b) · ¥ßµ”·ÀπàߢÕ߇Œ‡∑Õ‚√´‘ µå∑’Ë¡’°“√µ√÷߉π‚µ√‡®π‰ª‡ªìπ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬
ªí®®—¬¿“¬πÕ° (Extrinsic factors or environmental
factors) ∑’Ë¡’º≈‡‘ß∫«°·≈–‡‘ß≈∫µàÕ°“√
‡æ‘Ë¡º≈º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‰¥â·°à
· ß Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß §«“¡‡æ’¬ßæÕ¢Õß
“√Õ“À“√ ·√à∏“µÿ·≈–ªí®®—¬Õ◊ËπÊ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1)
1. · ß ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬„ⷠ߇ªìπ·À≈àß
æ≈—ßß“πÀ≈—°¢Õ߇´≈≈å·≈–· ߇ªìπµ—«·ª√ ”§—≠
∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π·≈–‚ª√µ’π„π
°√–∫«π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß æ∫«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡‡¢â¡
· ߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ 250-300 µmol photons/m 2 /sec ‡´≈≈å
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ‡æ‘Ë¡°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß
¬’π psbA2, psbD2 ·≈– hypA (slr1675) ¡“°°«à“ ¿“«–
ª°µ‘ (Hihara et al., 2001; Gill et al., 2002) ‡ªìπµâπ
·¡â«à“‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬À≈“¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå®–‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ
‰¥â¥’„πà«ß· ߧ«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 680 π“‚π‡¡µ√ ·µà
§«“¡µâÕß°“√· ß„π°“√º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ
°≈—∫·µ°µà“ß°—π„π·µà≈– “¬æ—π∏ÿå Õ“∑‘‡àπ ‰´¬“‚π
·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Spirulina platensis (Aoyama et al., 1997)
·≈– Synechococcus PCC 7942 (Asada and Miyake,
1999) º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰¥â„π∑’Ë¡◊¥ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥
32 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈–ª√“»®“°ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ‰´¬“‚π
·∫§∑’‡√’¬π‘¥µ√÷߉π‚µ√‡®π Oscillatoria sp.,
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 ·≈– Anabaena
variabilis PK84 º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥⥒„π∑’Ë
¡’· ߇撬ßæÕ·≈–¡’§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å 2 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå
(Stal and Krumbein, 1985; Tsygankov et al., 1999)
¢≥–∑’ˇ´≈≈å Anabaena cylindrica º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
’«¿“扥â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡· ßπâÕ¬·≈–¡’°ä“´
Õ“√å°Õπ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å (Jeffries et al., 1978) ·≈–‡´≈≈å
Nostoc muscorum º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥â∑—Èß
„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’· ß·≈–‰¡à¡’· ß ·µàª√‘¡“≥°“√º≈‘µ„π
à«ß∑’Ë¡’· ß¡’¡“°°«à“„πà«ß∑’ˉ¡à¡’· ß (Shah et al.,
2003)
2. Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Dutta et al. (2005) ‰¥â√“¬ß“π
«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡µàÕ°“√º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
’«¿“æ„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬Õ¬Ÿà„πà«ß°«â“ß√–À«à“ß
30-40 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Nostoc
muscorum º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥⥒∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
40 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (Ernst et al., 1979) ·≈–¡’ª√‘¡“≥
Ÿß°«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 30 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ª√–¡“≥ 2.5 ‡∑à“
(Shah et al., 2003) ·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å
‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π (bidirectional-hoxhydrogenase)
¢Õß Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 ‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µ—Èß·µà 30 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ∂÷ß 60 Õß»“

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 7
‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡å¡’·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
70 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (Baebprsert et al., 2010) ¢≥–∑’Ë
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Anabaena variabilis SPU 003 º≈‘µ
°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥⥒∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 30 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
(Datta et al., 2000) ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Calothrix336/3
∑’ˇ≈’Ȭ߄πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇◊ÈÕ ≥ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 23 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 2 ‡∑à“ Ÿß°«à“
Calothrix336/3 ∑’ˇ≈’È¬ß ≥ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 30 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
(Allahverdiyeva et al., 2010)
3. §«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß (pH) °“√º≈‘µ°ä“´
‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Anabaena
PCC 7120 ∑’Ë pH 7.5 ¡“°°«à“∑’Ë pH 8.2 ¢≥–∑’Ë
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Calothrix XPORK5E º≈‘µ°ä“´
‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ∑’Ë pH 7.5 ¡“°°«à“∑’Ë pH 6.8
(Allahverdiyeva et al., 2010)
4. ·À≈àßÕ“À“√§“√å∫Õπ ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
“¡“√∂„âπÈ”µ“≈À≈“¬π‘¥‡ªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ„π
°“√‡æ‘Ë¡°“√º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ ‡àπ ‰´¬“‚π
·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Anabaena variabillis ·≈– Anabaena CH3
(Reddy et al., 1996; Chen et al., 2008) “¡“√∂„â
πÈ”µ“≈ø√—°‚µ ‡ªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ‡æ◊ËÕ„â„π°“√º≈‘µ
°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 “¡“√∂
„âπÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ πÈ”µ“≈ø√—°‚µ ·≈–πÈ”µ“≈´Ÿ‚§√
‡ªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ‡æ◊ËÕ„â„π°“√º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
’«¿“扥⠴÷Ëß°≈Ÿ‚§ „Àâº≈º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π¡“°
∑’Ë ÿ¥ (Baebprasert et al., 2010)
5. ·À≈àßÕ“À“√‰π‚µ√‡®π “√ª√–°Õ∫
‰π‚µ√‡®π„π√Ÿª‰π‰µ√µå (NO 2-
), ‰π‡µ√µ (NO 3-
) ·≈–
·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬ (NH 3
) ¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ°“√º≈‘µ°ä“´
‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
·À≈à߉π‚µ√‡®π∑’ˇµ‘¡‡æ‘Ë¡≈߉ª„πÕ“À“√®–¬—∫¬—Èß
°√–∫«π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå‡Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π (Rawson,
1985) “√ª√–°Õ∫‰π‰µ√µå ‰π‡µ√µ ·≈–
·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬¬—∫¬—Èß°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π
¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Anabaena cylindrica ·≈–
Anabaena variabilis SPU 003 àߺ≈„Àâ√–¥—∫°“√
º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ≈¥≈ß (Lambert et al., 1979;
Datta et al., 2000) Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’‡¡◊ËÕ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥
·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬¡„πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇◊ÈÕ≈߇ªìπ 0.10 ¡‘≈≈‘‚¡≈“√å
°“√º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ„π‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Anabaena cylindrica °≈—∫‰¡à∂Ÿ°¬—∫¬—Èß (Jeffries et al.,
1978) „π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‰π‚µ√‡®πª√‘¡“≥®”°—¥ (nitrogen
limitation) æ∫«à“‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Gloeocapsa alpicola
¡’°“√‡æ‘Ë¡·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å ‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈
‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π ¡“°¢÷Èπ (Sheremetieva et al., 2002)
„π∑”πÕ߇¥’¬«°—π æ∫«à“ √–¥—∫°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß
¬’π hox ·≈–·Õ§µ‘«‘µ’¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å ‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈
‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π ¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Synechocystis sp.
PCC 6803 ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ„π∑‘»∑“߇¥’¬«°—π„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’
ª√‘¡“≥‰π‚µ√‡®π®”°—¥ (Antal et al., 2006)
6. ·À≈àß·√à∏“µÿ ∏“µÿ∫“ß𑥉´¬“‚π
·∫§∑’‡√’¬µâÕß°“√„πª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬·µà¢“¥‰¡à‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß
¥â«¬·√à∏“µÿ‡À≈à“π’È¡’∫∑∫“∑ ”§—≠µàÕ‡¡µ“∫Õ≈‘ ¡¢Õß
‡´≈≈å·≈–¡’º≈°√–∑∫µàÕ°“√º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ
Õ“∑‘‡àπ ·√à∏“µÿ´—≈‡øÕ√å ·≈–‡À≈Á° (Fe) ‡ªìπÕߧå
ª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠∫√‘‡«≥·Õ§∑’ø ‰´µå (active site) ¢Õß
‡Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π ¢≥–∑’Ë ·√à∏“µÿπ‘°‡°‘≈ (Ni) ·≈–
‡À≈Á° (Fe) ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ ”§—≠∫√‘‡«≥·Õ§∑’ø ‰´µå
(active site) ¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰∫‰¥‡√Á§—ππ—≈ ‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π
(Tamagnini et al., 2002) ‡ªìπµâπ ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Arthrospira maxima º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰¥â¡“°¢÷Èπ
‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥·√à∏“µÿπ‘°‡°‘≈„πÕ“À“√‡≈’È¬ß (Carrieri
et al., 2008) ¢≥–∑’ˉ´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Anabaena
cylindrica ∑’ˇ®√‘≠„πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭß∑’Ë¡’ 5.0 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡‡À≈Á°
µàÕ≈‘µ√ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ°ä“´‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰¥â 2 ‡∑à“¢Õß
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Anabaena cylindrica ∑’ˇ®√‘≠„π
Õ“À“√‡≈’Ȭß∑’Ë¡’ 0.5 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡‡À≈Á°µàÕ≈‘µ√ (Jeffries
et al., 1978) ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Gloeocapsa alpicola
·≈– Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 “¡“√∂º≈‘µ
‰Œ‚¥√‡®π‰¥â‡àπ°—π„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¢“¥·√à∏“µÿ´—≈‡øÕ√å
(sulfur deficiency) ¿“¬„µâ ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’°ä“´¡’‡∑π (CH 4
)
(Antal and Linblad, 2005)

å
8 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“ °“√º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ¢Õß
‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬π—ÈπµâÕß°“√ªí®®—¬∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡·≈–
‡æ’¬ßæÕµàÕ°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π ·≈–
‡Õπ‰´¡å‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥⡓´÷Ëߺ≈º≈‘µ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
¢Õ߉Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ °“√‡≈◊Õ° ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡®÷ß
¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß ‰¡à‡æ’¬ß·µà‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë
“¡“√∂º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥⠬—ß¡’·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Õ’°À≈“¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿå∑’Ë “¡“√∂º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥â
‡àπ°—π Õ“∑‘‡àπ ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß
Rhodobacter sphaeroides º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥â
®“°°“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬°√¥Õ‘π∑√’¬å (organic acids) ‡àπ °√¥
Õ–´’µ‘° ¿“¬„µâ ¿“«–‰√âÕ“°“» ·≈–‰¡à¡’· ß (Nath
et al., 2005) ·∫§∑’‡√’¬π‘¥‰¡à„âÕÕ°´‘‡®π Clostridium
acetobutylicum º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥âºà“π
°√–∫«π°“√À¡—°¿“¬„µâ ¿“«–∑’ˉ¡à¡’· ß ‚¥¬‡◊ÈÕ
·∫§∑’‡√’¬®–‡ª≈’ˬππÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ ‰ª‡ªìπ°ä“´
§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å·≈–‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ
(Zhanga et al., 2006) ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Klebsiella pneumoniae
“¡“√∂„âπÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ ‡ªìπ·À≈àßÕ“À“√§“√å∫Õπ
·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡º≈º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥⥒¿“¬„µâ
°√–∫«π°“√À¡—°∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 37 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈– pH
‡∑à“°—∫ 6.0 (Niu et al., 2010) ‡ªìπµâπ °√–∫«π°“√
º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ¢Õ߉´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬·≈–
·∫§∑’‡√’¬¡’∑—ÈߢâÕ¥’·≈–¢âÕ¥âÕ¬·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ªµ“¡
‡ß◊ËÕπ‰¢·≈– ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ‡àπ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ∑—Èß Õß
π‘¥µâÕß°“√ªí®®—¬¿“¬πÕ° Õ“∑‘ ·À≈àßÕ“À“√ §«“¡
‡¢â¡· ß Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ §«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥-¥à“ß ‡ªìπµâ𠧫∫§ÿ¡
°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å‰π‚µ√®’‡π ·≈–‰Œ‚¥√®’‡π
„π°“√‡æ‘Ë¡º≈º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“æ‡À¡◊Õπ°—π ‘Ëß∑’Ë
·µ°µà“ß°—π §◊Õ ‰´¬“‚π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¡“√∂π”
§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥åÀ√◊Õ°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®°¡“„⇪ìπ
·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π·≈– “¡“√∂º≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π’«¿“扥â
¢≥–∑’Ë·∫§∑’‡√’¬π‘¥‰¡à„âÕÕ°´‘‡®πº≈‘µ‰Œ‚¥√‡®π
’«¿“扥ⷵà°≈—∫„Àâº≈º≈‘µ‡ªìπ§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å
ÕÕ°¡“¥â«¬´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥°ä“´‡√◊Õπ°√–®°
·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß “¡“√∂„â
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Cyanothece 7822 Heterocyst 0.92 mol/mg chl a/h N 2 with 5% CO 2
Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 Heterocyst 2.60 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena cylindrica IAMM-1 Heterocyst 2.01 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena variabilis IAMM-58 Heterocyst 4.20 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena cylindrica UTEX B 629 Heterocyst 0.91 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena flos-aquae UTEX 1444 Heterocyst 1.70 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena flos-aquae UTEX LB 2558 Heterocyst 3.20 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Anabaenopsis circularis IAM M-13 Heterocyst 0.31 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Nostoc muscorum IAM M-14 Heterocyst 0.60 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s

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Nostoc linckia IAM M-30 Heterocyst 0.17 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Nostoc commune IAM M-13 Heterocyst 0.25 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 60 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena variabilis PK84 Heterocyst 32.3 mol/mg chl a/h Argon environment.
Anabaena variabilis PK84 Heterocyst 167.6 mol/mg chl a/h 93%Ar, 5%N 2 , 2% CO 2 , 90 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena variabilis PK84 Heterocyst 0.11 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 2% CO 2 , 400 W/m 2
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Heterocyst 45.16 mol/mg chl a/h 93%Ar, 5%N 2 , 2% CO 2 , 90 E/m 2 /s
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Heterocyst 0.05 mol/mg dry wt/h Ar, 5% CO 2 , 5000 lx /Tween 85 (77 mM)
Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 Heterocyst 39.40 mol/mg chl a/h Argon environment
Anabaena variabilis 1403/4B Heterocyst 20.0 mol/mg chl a/h 25 E/m 2 /s on top;13 E/m 2 /s on bottom of bioreactor
Anabaena azollae Heterocyst 38.50 mol/mg chl a/h Argon environment.
Anabaena variabilis PK17R Heterocyst 59.18 mol/mg chl a/h 93%Ar, 5%N 2 , 2% CO 2 , 90 E/m 2 /s
Synechococcus PCC 6830 Non-heterocyst 0.26 mol/mg chl a/h Ar with CO (13.4 mol), C 2 H 2 (1.34 mol); darkness
Synechococcus PCC 602 Non-heterocyst 0.66 mol/mg chl a/h Ar with CO (13.4 mol);20–30 E/m 2 /s
Synechococcus PCC 6307 Non-heterocyst 0.02 mol/mg chl a/h Ar (100%), 20–30 E/m 2 /s
Synechoccus PCC 6301 Non-heterocyst 0.09 mol/mg chl a/h Ar with C 2 H 2 (1.34 mol), 20–30 E/m 2 /s
Microcystis PCC 7820 Non-heterocyst 0.16 mol/mg chl a/h Ar with CO (13.4 mol), C 2 H 2 (1.34 mol), 20–30 E/m 2 /s
Gloebacter PCC 7421 Non-heterocyst 1.38 mol/mg chl a/h Ar with CO (13.4 mol), C 2 H 2 (1.34 mol), 20–30 E/m 2 /s
Synechocystis PCC 6308 Non-heterocyst 0.13 mol/mg chl a/h Ar with CO (13.4 mol), C 2 H 2 (1.34 mol), 20–30 E/m 2 /s
Synechocystis PCC 6714 Non-heterocyst 0.07 mol/mg chl a/h Ar with CO (13.4 mol), 20–30 E/m 2 /s
Aphanocapsa montana Non-heterocyst 0.40 mol/mg chl a/h Ar (100%), 20-30 E/m 2 /s
Oscillatoria limosa Non-heterocyst 0.83 mol/mg chl a/h Air, 16h light, 8h dark
: Dutta et al., 2005
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10 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
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12 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
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‡¢â“°—π‰¡à‰¥â (incompatibility) ®“°°“√º ¡¢â“¡π‘¥
(species) µà“ß °ÿ≈ (genus) À√◊Õµà“ß«ß»å (family)
πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—߇≈◊Õ°„ à‡©æ“–¬’π∑’˵âÕß°“√‚¥¬µ√ß ´÷Ëß
∂◊Õ«à“‡ªìπª√–‚¬πåÕ¬à“ß¡“°µàÕ°“√¬°√–¥—∫º≈º≈‘µ
·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õߺ≈º≈‘µ„À⠟ߢ÷Èπ (π‡√» ¥”√ß—¬, 2543)
·µà°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏ÿåæ◊‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‡∑§π‘§∑“ߥâ“π
æ—π∏ÿ«‘»«°√√¡π—ÈπµâÕßÕ“»—¬°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß
æ◊¥—¥·ª≈ßæ—π∏ÿå (transgenic plant) ´÷Ëß¡’À≈“¬«‘∏’∑—Èß
°“√∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬µ√ß (direct gene transfer) µ—«Õ¬à“߇àπ
°“√„â°√–· ‰øøÑ“·√ß Ÿß (electroporation) ‡æ◊ËÕ
1 “¢“«‘“’««‘∑¬“ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬æ–‡¬“ ®.æ–‡¬“ 56000
E mail: su_buddha@hotmail.com

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 15
—°π”„À⥒‡ÕÁπ‡Õ‡¢â“ Ÿà‡´≈≈åæ◊ (Chaudhury et al., 1995)
°“√„â “√‡§¡’‚æ≈’‡Õ∑’≈’π‰°≈§Õ≈ (polyethylene glycol
À√◊Õ PEG) (Weissinger, 1992) °“√„⇢Á¡©’¥
(microinjection) (Õ“√’¬å «√—≠꟫—≤π°å, 2541) °“√„â
‡§√◊ËÕ߬‘ßÕπÿ¿“§ (particle gun bombardment À√◊Õ
microprojectile bombardment) (Gordon-Kamm
et al., 1990) °“√„â‡∑§π‘§‰ÕÕÕπ∫’¡ (ion beam) „π
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‡¢â“ Ÿàæ◊ (Yu et al., 1993) √«¡∂÷ß “¡“√∂
π”‡∑§π‘§‰ÕÕÕπ∫’¡æ≈—ßß“πµË”¡“„â„π°“√ àß∂à“¬
æ≈“ ¡‘¥ ¥’ ‡ÕÁπ ‡Õ (plasmid DNA) ‡¢â“ Ÿà·∫§∑’‡√’¬
(Anuntalabhochai et al., 2001) ·≈–°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‡¢â“ Ÿà
æ◊‚¥¬Õ“»—¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡ªìπæ“À– ‰¥â·°à Agrobacterium
(agrobacterium - mediated gene transfer) (Weising
and Kahl, 1996) ‡ªìπµâπ
°“√»÷°…“°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬„â·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Agrobacterium ¡’√“¬ß“π«à“·∫§∑’‡√’¬¥—ß°≈à“« ‡ªìπ
·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥ªÿÉ¡ª¡‰¥â„πæ◊À≈“¬
π‘¥ ´÷Ëß°“√ àß∂à“¬‚¥¬«‘∏’π’Ȫ√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„πæ◊
∑’Ë„â∫√‘‚¿§‡ªìπÕ“À“√ √«¡∑—È߉¡â¥Õ°‰¡âª√–¥—∫∑’Ë¡’
¡Ÿ≈§à“∑“߇»√…∞°‘®À≈“¬π‘¥ ·≈–¬—ß¡’√“¬ß“𧫓¡
”‡√Á®Õ◊ËπÊ Õ’°Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡¬—ß¡’¢âÕ
ß —¬«à“‡∑§π‘§°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬„â·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Agrobacterium “¡“√∂ àß∂à“¬¬’πª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®
‡©æ“–„πæ◊„∫‡≈’ȬߧŸà‡∑à“π—ÈπÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ¥—ßπ—Èπ „π
∫∑§«“¡π’È®–𔇠πÕ√“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬·≈–§«“¡ ”‡√Á®
¢Õß°“√¥—¥·ª≈ßÀ√◊Õª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏ÿåæ◊‚¥¬°“√„â
·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Agrobacterium tumefaciens ´÷Ëß®– “¡“√∂
µÕ∫¢âÕ ß —¬¥—ß°≈à“«‰¥â
ª√–«—µ‘·π«§«“¡§‘¥ ·≈–°“√∑¥≈Õ߇°’ˬ«°—∫
“√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
„πà«ß‡√‘Ë¡µâπª√–«—µ‘¢Õß°“√»÷°…“·≈–
·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ æ∫«à“ „πªï §.».1944
ÕÕ «“≈¥å ·Õ‡«Õ√’ (Oswald Avery) §Õ≈‘π ·¡°‡≈’¬¥
(Colin Macleod) ·≈– ·¡§≈‘π ·¡°§“√å∑’ (Maclyn
Macarty) ‰¥â»÷°…“æ∫«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ·¬°¥’‡ÕÁπ‡ÕÕÕ°®“° “¬
æ—π∏ÿå S (smooth colony) ‰ª„ à„πÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¡’
“¬æ—π∏ÿå R (rough colony) ‡®√‘≠Õ¬Ÿà “¬æ—π∏ÿå R
®–∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡ªì𠓬æ—π∏ÿå S ‰¥â ®÷ß √ÿª«à“
‡°‘¥°√–∫«π°“√·ª≈ßæ—π∏ÿå À√◊Õ ∑√“π øÕ√塇¡—Ëπ
(transformation) ¢÷Èπ„π·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë∑”°“√»÷°…“
ªï §.».1946 ‚®¨“≈’‡¥Õ√å‡∫‘√å° (Joshva
Lederberg) ·≈–‡Õ§«Õ√å¥ ∑“∑—¡ (Edward Tatum)
§âπæ∫°“√·≈°‡ª≈’ˬπ¬’π„π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ¢≥–∑’Ë∑”°“√
º ¡ “¬æ—π∏ÿå¢Õß Escherichia coli °—∫ “¬æ—π∏ÿåÕ◊ËπÊ
æ«°‡¢“ —߇°µ°“√º ¡√–À«à“ß “¬æ—π∏ÿå¢ÕßæàÕ·¡à∑’Ë
·µ°µà“ß°—π ·≈–‰¡à‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫°“√·ª≈ßæ—π∏ÿå´÷ËßµâÕß°“√
¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬∂à“¬∑Õ¥‰ª¬—ßÕ’°·∫§∑’‡√’¬Àπ÷Ëß
‚¥¬µÕπÀ≈—ßæ∫«à“‡ªìπ°“√∂à“¬‚Õπ¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ„π√Ÿª¢Õß
æ≈“ ¡‘¥ (plasmid) ‡√’¬°«à“ °“√®—∫§ŸàÀ√◊Õ§Õπ®Ÿ‡°—Ëπ
(conjugation)
µàÕ¡“„πªï §.». 1952 Õ—≈‡ø√¥ ‡ŒÕ√凨¬å
(Alfred Hershey) ·≈–¡“√å∑“ ‡´ (Martha Chase)
‰¥â¡’°“√æ‘ Ÿ®πå‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡«à“¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ‡ªìπ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
Õ¬à“ß·πàπÕπ ‚¥¬∑¥≈Õß°—∫ø“® T (phage T) ¢Õß
E. coli À≈—ß®“°π—Èπ„πªï §.». 1953 πÕ√åµ—π ´‘π‡¥Õ√å
(Norton Zinder) ·≈–‚®¨“≈’‡¥Õ√å‡∫‘√å° (Joshva
Lederberg) æ∫°≈‰°°“√∂à“¬‚Õπ¬’π√–À«à“ß·∫§∑’‡√’¬
‚¥¬ø“®¢Õß Salmonella typhimurium “¡“√∂π”
¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬Àπ÷Ë߉ª¬—ß·∫§∑’‡√’¬Àπ÷Ë߉¥â °“√
∂à“¬‚Õπ·∫∫π’ȵâÕßÕ“»—¬ø“®‡ªìπµ—«°≈“ß ´÷Ëß«‘∏’°“√π’È
‡√’¬°«à“°“√∂à“¬‚Õπ¬’πÀ√◊Õ∑√“π ¥—°—Ëπ (transduction)
ªï §.».1953 ‡®¡ å «Õµ —π (Jams Watson)
·≈–ø√“π´‘ §√‘° (Francis Crick) ‰¥â‡ πÕ
‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß ¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ (DNA) ·≈–°≈‰°°“√∂à“¬·∫∫
¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ‡ªìπ·∫∫°÷ËßÕπÿ√—°…å (semiconservative
mechanism) ∑”„À⇢Ⓞ®∂÷ß‚§√ß √â“ߢÕߥ’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ‡ªìπ
Õ¬à“ߥ’
ªï §.».1958 ·¡∑∑‘« ‡¡ ‡≈ —π (Matthew
Meselson) ·≈–·ø√ߧ≈‘𠵓Àå≈ (Franklin Stahl)
»÷°…“°“√∂à“¬·∫∫¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ„π·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ·≈–¬◊π¬—π«à“
°≈‰°°“√∂à“¬·∫∫¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ‡ªìπ·∫∫°÷ËßÕπÿ√—°…å

16 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
ªï §.».1961 ´’¥π’¬å ‡∫√π‡πÕ√å (Sydney
Brenner) ø√Õß´—« ®“§Õ∫ (Franklin Jacope) »÷°…“
°“√∂à“¬·∫∫¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ„π·∫§∑’‡√’¬·≈–¬◊π¬—π«à“°≈‰°
°“√∂à“¬·∫∫¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ‡ªìπ·∫∫°÷ËßÕπÿ√—°…å
ªï §.».1964 ¬“πÕø °’ (Yanofsky) ·≈–§≥–
·≈–‡∫√π‡πÕ√å (Brenner) ‰¥â· ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ߧ«“¡
—¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“߬’π·≈–æÕ≈‘‡ªª‰∑¥å
ªï §.».1983 ∫“√å∫“√“ ·¡§§≈‘π∑Õ°
(Barbara Mcclintock) ‰¥â√—∫√“ß«—≈‚π‡∫≈®“°°“√§âπ
æ∫«à“ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡À√◊Õ¬’π∫“ßµ—« “¡“√∂‡§≈◊ËÕπ¬â“¬
µ”·Àπàß∫π‚§√‚¡‚´¡‰¥â
ªï §.».1958 ‡√‘Ë¡¡’°“√§âπæ∫«‘∏’‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥
¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ‚¥¬„â‡∑§π‘§∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‡√ ‡π√’·Õ°—π
(polymerase chain reaction) À√◊Õ‡√’¬° —Èπ Ê «à“ PCR
µàÕ¡“ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“‰¥â√‘‡√‘Ë¡‚§√ß°“√®’‚π¡
¡πÿ…¬å (The Human Genome Project) ‡√’¬°¬àÕÊ «à“
HGP ‡æ◊ËÕÀ“«à“¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ∑—Èß 46 ‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å
¡’≈”¥—∫‡∫ ‡ªìπÕ¬à“߉√ ‚§√ß°“√π’ȇ√‘Ë¡µ—Èß·µà §.». 1990
‚¥¬¡’°”À𥇠√Á® ‘Èπ‚§√ß°“√π’È §.». 2005 π’È√«¡
√–¬–‡«≈“∑—Èß ‘Èπ 15 ªï ªí®®ÿ∫—π‚§√ß°“√‰¥â¥”‡π‘π°“√
„°≈⇠√Á® ¡∫Ÿ√≥å·≈⫉¥â¡’°“√ª√–°“»§«“¡ ”‡√Á®
„π‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ‡¡◊ËÕ §.». 2000 §«“¡ ”‡√Á®‡ªìπ°“√Õà“π√À—
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¡πÿ…¬å ( ¡æ√ ª√–‡ √‘∞ àß °ÿ≈, 2546)
“√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡§◊ÕÕ–‰√
“√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ §◊Õ “√’«‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
(biomolecules) ∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇ°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈√À— æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
”À√—∫°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µµà“ßÊ ‡Õ“‰«â “√
’«‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡„π‡´≈≈å¢Õß
‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ—Èπ Ÿß ´÷Ëßæ∫‰¥â®“°π‘«‡§≈’¬ ¢Õ߇´≈≈å ‡√’¬°
√«¡«à“ °√¥π‘«§≈’Õ‘§ (nucleic acid) ‚¥¬§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
∑“߇§¡’·∫àß°√¥π‘«§≈’Õ‘§ÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ 2 𑥬àÕ¬ §◊Õ
Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ (RNA) ·≈–¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ à«π„À≠à
¡’ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡‡ªìπ¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ ¬°‡«âπ‰«√— ∫“ßπ‘¥
‡ªìπÕ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ (‰«√— à«π¡“° ¡’ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡‡ªìπ
¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ) √À— ∫π “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡À“°¡’°“√∂Õ¥√À—
(transcription) ÕÕ°¡“‰¥â ‡√’¬°√À— à«ππ—Èπ«à“¬’π
( ÿ√‘π∑√å ªî¬–‚§≥“°ÿ≈, 2548)
‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
°√¥π‘«§≈’Õ‘° À√◊Õ “√’«‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢π“¥„À≠à
∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ¬’π·≈–૬„π°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‡∫ πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈–À¡ŸàøÕ ‡øµ ‡√’¬°«à“
°√¥π‘«§≈’Õ‘§ °√¥π‘«§≈’Õ‘°·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ Õߪ√–‡¿∑
´÷Ëß·µ°µà“ß°—π∑’ËπÈ”µ“≈ °√¥π‘«§≈’Õ‘°∑’Ë¡’πÈ”µ“≈‰√‚∫
(D-ribose) ‡ªìπ à«πª√–°Õ∫‡√’¬°«à“ °√¥‰√‚∫𑫧≈’Õ‘°
(ribonucleic acid) À√◊Õ‡√’¬°¬àÕÊ «à“ Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ æ«°∑’Ë
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬πÈ”µ“≈¥’ÕÕ°´’‰√‚∫ (2' D-deoxyribose)
‡√’¬°«à“ °√¥¥’ÕÕ°´’‰√‚∫𑫧≈’Õ‘° (deoxyribonucleic
acid) À√◊Õ¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ ¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π𑫇§≈’¬ (nucleus)
‰¡‚∑§Õπ‡¥√’¬ (mitochondria) ·≈–§≈Õ‚√æ≈“ ∑å
(chloroplast) ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ (genetic
material) À√◊Õ¬’π‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õπ—Èπ¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π
à«π¢Õ߇´≈≈å∑’Ë¡’¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ ·≈–¬—ßæ∫¡“°„π‰´‚∑
æ≈“ ´÷¡ (cytoplasm) ¥â«¬ Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ¡—°∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
૬°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ
∑’ˇªìπ “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õ߉«√— ·≈–ø“® (phage) ‡∫ ∑’Ë
æ∫„π∏√√¡“µ‘¡’Õ¬Ÿà 2 æ«° æ«°·√° ‰¥â·°à æ«°
æ‘√‘¡‘¥’π (pyrimidine) ´÷Ëß¡’Õπÿæ—π∏å “¡µ—«∑’Ëæ∫¡“°
§◊Õ ‰´‚µ´’π (cytocine) ¬Ÿ√“´‘≈ (uracil) ·≈–‰∏¡’π
(thymine) à«πæ«°∑’Ë Õ߉¥â·°à ‡æ’¬«√’π (purine)
¡’Õπÿæ—π∏å Õßµ—«∑’Ëæ∫∫àÕ¬ §◊Õ Õ–¥‘π’π (adenine)
·≈–°«“π’π (guanine) ‡∫ ‡À≈à“π’ȇªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫
‰π‚µ√‡®πª√–‡¿∑Õ“‚√¡“µ‘§ (aromatic) “¡“√∂
¥Ÿ¥· ßÕ—≈µ√“‰«‚Õ‡≈∑∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 200 - 280
π“‚π‡¡µ√ (¿‘≠‚≠ æ“π‘æ—π∏å, 2543) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß‚§√ß √â“ß∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
“¡“√∂𔉪 Ÿà°“√·µ°·¢π߇ªìππ‘¥æ—π∏ÿå„À¡à
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‰¥â À√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ °“√°≈“¬æ—π∏ÿå (mutation)
°“√°≈“¬æ—π∏ÿå ‡ªìπª√“°Ø°“√≥å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„π√–¥—∫¬’π
àߺ≈„Àâ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß≈—°…≥–æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡‰ª
®“°√ÿàπæàÕ√ÿàπ·¡à °“√‡°‘¥°“√°≈“¬æ—π∏ÿå∑”„Àâ√À—

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 17
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡„π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬·≈–¡’°“√
ª√—∫‡ª≈’ˬπ àߺ≈∂÷ß≈—°…≥–∑’Ë· ¥ßÕÕ°¡“ ´÷Ëß®–
·µ°µà“ß®“°≈—°…≥–‡¥‘¡‡°‘¥§«“¡·µ°µà“ߢÕßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ¡’°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡ÿ¥„À¡àÕÕ°‰ª‚¥¬
ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√ ◊∫æ—π∏ÿå·∫∫Õ“»—¬‡æ» ºà“π°“√
§—¥‡≈◊Õ°¢Õß∏√√¡“µ‘·≈â« ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ∑’Ë¡’ÿ¥æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
„À¡à®–°≈“¬‡ªìπ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ “¬æ—π∏ÿå„À¡à (new species)
𔉪 Ÿà§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß’«¿“æµàÕ‰ª
Àπâ“∑’Ë¢Õß “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡
°“√»÷°…“°“√∂à“¬∑Õ¥≈—°…≥–æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡„π
à«ß·√°Ê ·¡â®–¡’°“√‡¢â“„®πâÕ¬¡“°‡°’ˬ«°—∫∏√√¡“µ‘
¢Õ߬’π„π√–¥—∫‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ ·µàÕ¬à“ßπâÕ¬°Áæ∫«à“ “√
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ “√‡§¡’ª√–‡¿∑‰Àπ®–µâÕß
¡’Àπâ“∑’Ë 3 ª√–°“√
1. ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇ°Á∫·≈–∂à“¬∑Õ¥¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑“ß
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß®“°√ÿàπæàÕ·¡à‰ª¬—ß≈Ÿ°À≈“π
·≈–µàÕÊ ‰ª
2. §«∫§ÿ¡æ—≤π“°“√¢Õß≈—°…≥–µà“ß Ê ¢Õß
‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ §◊Õ ‡ªìπµ—«°”Àπ¥°√–∫«π°“√‡®√‘≠·≈–
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß√Ÿª√à“ß≈—°…≥–¢Õ߇´≈≈å·≈–‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ®“°‰´‚°∑ (zygote) ®π‡ªìπ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ
µ—«‡µÁ¡«—¬
3. µâÕß “¡“√∂‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÀ√◊Õ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“
‡°‘¥°“√°≈“¬æ—π∏ÿ剥⠇æ◊ËÕ∑’Ë ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ®– “¡“√∂ª√—∫
µ—«„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà√Õ¥‰¥â‡¡◊ËÕ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ‡æ√“–∂â“
‰¡à¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß°Á‰¡à¡’«‘«—≤π“°“√‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ (À—∑¬“
°“«’«ß»å, 2548)
À≈—°°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬Õ“»—¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Agrobacterium ‡ªìπ·∫§∑’‡√’¬·°√¡≈∫´÷Ëß
Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà„π¥‘π “¡“√∂∫ÿ°√ÿ° (infection) ‡¢â“ Ÿàµâπæ◊
‰¥â∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’∫“¥·º≈ ∑”„À⇰‘¥ªÿÉ¡ª¡ (tumour) À√◊Õ
°âÕπ‡π◊ÈÕµ√ß®ÿ¥π—Èπ ‡√’¬°«à“ crown gall disease (Weising
and Kahl, 1996) ‡¡◊ËÕπ”‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∫√‘‡«≥∑’ˇªìπªÿÉ¡ª¡π—Èπ
¡“‡≈’Ȭ߄πÕ“À“√ —߇§√“–Àå ®– “¡“√∂§ß ¿“æ‡àπ‡¥‘¡
Õ¬Ÿà‰¥â §◊Õ ‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¥â‡√Á«·≈–‚µ‰¥â‰¡à®”°—¥„π
¿“æ·§≈≈— (callus)‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß„ àŒÕ√å‚¡πæ◊À√◊Õ
“√‡√àß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µπ‘¥„¥ ·¡â«à“®–°”®—¥·∫§∑’‡√’¬
ÕÕ°‰ª·≈â«°Áµ“¡ ·µà®–‰¡à “¡“√∂æ—≤𓇪ìπµâπ
∑’Ë ¡∫Ÿ√≥剥⠰≈‰°∑’Ë∑”„À⇰‘¥ ¿“æ‡àππ’È æ∫«à“
¡’ “‡Àµÿ¡“®“°æ≈“ ¡‘¥¢π“¥„À≠àª√–¡“≥ 140 - 235
°‘‚≈‡∫ ∑’Ëæ∫„π Agrobacterium ®÷߇√’¬°æ≈“ ¡‘¥π’È«à“
æ≈“ ¡‘¥ Ti (tumour inducing plasmid) (Õ“√’¬å
«√—≠꟫—≤π°å, 2541) ‡◊ÈÕ Agrobacterium Õ’°π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß
∑”„À⇰‘¥√“° ≥ ∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë¡’°“√∫ÿ°√ÿ° (infection) ¢Õß
·∫§¡’‡√’¬ §◊Õ A. rhizogenes ´÷Ëß¡’æ≈“ ¡‘¥ Ri (root
inducing plasmid) ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕªÿÉ¡ª¡∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√∫ÿ°√ÿ°¢Õß
A. tumefaciens ®–¡’ ¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ∫“ß à«π¢Õßæ≈“ ¡‘¥ Ti
¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥ 20 °‘‚≈‡∫ ∂Ÿ° àß∂à“¬‡¢â“‰ª·∑√°Õ¬Ÿà
„π‚§√‚¡‚´¡¢Õßæ◊∑’Ë∫ÿ°√ÿ° ‡√’¬°¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ∑’Ë∂Ÿ° àß
∂à“¬π’È«à“ T-DNA (transferred DNA) æ≈“ ¡‘¥ Ti ∑’Ë
æ∫¡“° ‰¥â·°à π‘¥ octopine ·≈– nopaline ‡ªìπµâπ
·≈–®–ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ à«πµà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’ à«π¢Õß virulence
(vir) gene ´÷Ëß¡’Àπâ“∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ àß∂à“¬ T-DNA ‡¢â“‰ª
„π‡´≈≈åæ◊ ‚¥¬¬’π virA ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπµ—«®¥®” “√
phenolic compound ∑’Ëæ◊º≈‘µ¢÷Èπ ®“°π—Èπ¬’π virA
®– √â“ß effector ‡æ◊ËÕ°√–µÿâπ°“√‡ªî¥ virG operon ‚¥¬
√â“ß receiver-effector ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ inactive ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’
effector ®“°π—Èπ virA ‡¢â“‡°“–°Á®–‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ ¿“æ
active ·≈⫇¢â“‰ª‡°“–°—∫ operator ¢Õß vir ¬’πµà“ßÊ
‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªî¥ operon ‚¥¬ virD1 ·≈– virD2 operon ∂Ÿ°
‡ªî¥‡æ◊ËÕ √â“ß endronucleolytic cleavage ´÷Ëß¡’µ”·Àπàß
®¥®”Õ¬Ÿà∑’ˇ∫ µ”·Àπàß∑’Ë 3 ·≈– 4 ¢Õß “¬≈à“ߢÕß
¥’‡ÕÁπ¢Õß T-DNA ∑’˵”·Àπàß LB ·≈– RB ‚¥¬®–
µ—¥æ—π∏– phosphodiester bond (nick) ∑”„À⇰‘¥
T-DNA “¬‡¥’ˬ«À≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°¡“ („π‡«≈“‡¥’¬«°—π °Á¡’
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå DNA “¬„À¡à¢÷Èπ¡“∑¥·∑𠓬∑’Ë
¢“¥À“¬‰ª) virC Àπâ“∑’ˬ—߉¡à∑√“∫·πà—¥ ·µà§“¥«à“
‡°’ˬ«¢Õß°—∫°√–∫«π°“√ T-DNA processing
(°√–∫«π°“√µ—¥·≈–µàÕ‘Èπ¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ) ‚¥¬ virC ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë

18 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
º≈‘µ‚ª√µ’π·≈⫇¢â“‡°“–°—∫∫√‘‡«≥ enhancer ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
„°≈â°—∫ RB ®“°π—Èπ virE ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë √â“ß‚ª√µ’π (single
strand DNA binding protein) ‡æ◊ËÕ‡¢â“‡°“–°—∫ T-DNA
“¬‡¥’ˬ«∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µ—¥ÕÕ°¡“ ∑”„Àâ T-DNA “¬‡¥’ˬ«π—Èπ
¡’§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„π√–À«à“ß°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π virB ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
√â“ß‚ª√µ’π ·≈⫇¢â“‰ª‡°“–°—∫‡¬◊ËÕÀÿ⡇¡¡‡∫√π¢Õßæ◊
∑”„À⇰‘¥√Ÿ ‡æ◊ËÕ àß∂à“¬ T-DNA ‡¢â“ Ÿà‡´≈≈åæ◊ (virE
∑”Àπâ“∑’§≈⓬°—∫ tra gene) integration of T-strand
in plant cell DNA ª≈“¬ 3' OH ¢Õß single strand
T-DNA ®–‡¢â“‰ª synapsis °—∫ à«π¢Õß small
homologies ¢Õß plant cell DNA ‡°‘¥®ÿ¥·µ°À—°∫π
“¬Àπ÷ËߢÕß plant cell DNA ( “¬≈à“ß) ª≈“¬ 5' P
¢Õß single strand T-DNA ‡¢â“‰ª‡◊ËÕ¡µàÕ°—∫ plant
cell DNA ∑’ˇ°‘¥®ÿ¥·µ°À—° ´÷Ëß¡’√“¬ß“π«à“ virD Õ“®¡’
à«π૬„π°√–∫«π°“√ DNA repair nick and gap
¡’°“√‡◊ËÕ¡µàÕ∫√‘‡«≥ nick ·≈– gap ‚¥¬°“√∑”ß“π
¢Õß virD §≈⓬°—∫°“√∑”ß“π¢Õß ligase ¿“¬„π à«π
T-DNA ¡’¬’π°”Àπ¥°“√ √â“ß “√ opine ‡àπ nopaline
synthase (nos), octopine synthase (ocs), agroclinoline
synthase (acs) ·≈– agropine synthase (ags) à«π
Õ◊ËπÊ ¿“¬„π Ti - plasmid ‰¥â·°à ®ÿ¥‡√‘Ë¡µâπ°“√
®”≈Õß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ (ORI) à«π∑’˧«∫§ÿ¡°“√ àß∂à“¬
æ≈“¡‘¥ ‚¥¬«‘∏’§Õπ®Ÿ‡°—Ëπ ¬’π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥„À⇴≈≈å
·∫§∑’‡√’¬ “¡“√∂„â “√æ«° opine ‡ªìπ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π
‡¡◊ËÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ àß T-DNA ‡¢â“‰ª„π‡´≈≈åæ◊·≈â«
‡´≈≈å¢Õßæ◊∫√‘‡«≥∑’Ë∂Ÿ°∫ÿ°√ÿ°®÷ß “¡“√∂ √â“ß “√
opine ¢÷Èπ‰¥âµ“¡π‘¥¢Õßæ≈“ ¡‘¥ Ti π—Èπ à«π
Agrobacterium °Á “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¥â‚¥¬„â “√
opine ∑’Ëæ◊ √â“ߢ÷Èπ‡ªìπ·À≈àßæ≈—ßß“π‰¥â ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ°”®—¥
·∫§∑’‡√’¬ÕÕ°‰ª æ◊¬—ß§ß —߇§√“–Àå “√ opine ‰¥â
‡π◊ËÕß®“° T-DNA ∂Ÿ° à߇¢â“‰ªÕ¬Ÿà„π‡´≈≈åæ◊Õ¬à“ß
∂“«√·≈â« (Õ“√’¬å «√—≠꟫—≤π°å, 2541)
„π à«π¢Õß T-DNA πÕ°®“°®–¡’¬’π∑’Ë
°”Àπ¥°“√ —߇§√“–Àå “√ opine ·≈â« ¬—ß¡’¬’π∑’Ë
°”Àπ¥°“√ √â“ߌÕ√å‚¡πæ◊ (phytohormone) æ«°
ÕÕ°´‘π·≈–‰´‚µ‰§π‘π¥â«¬ ‡ªìπ‡Àµÿ„À⇴≈≈åæ◊∑’ˉ¥â
√—∫ T-DNA ¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ·∫à߇´≈≈åÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«·≈–
‰¡à®”°—¥ ∑”„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπ°âÕπ‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕªÿÉ¡ª¡∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂
æ—≤𓇪ìπ¬Õ¥À√◊Õ√“°‰¥â ¬’π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥°“√ √â“ß
ŒÕ√å‚¡πæ◊∑’Ëæ∫ §◊Õ trytophan monooxygenase (tms1),
indoleacetamide hydrolase (tms2) ·≈– isopentenyl
transferase (tmr) ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ ¬’π tms1 ·≈– tms2
°”Àπ¥°“√ √â“߇Õπ‰´¡å∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
“√ trytophan ‡ªìπ indoleacetamide ·≈–‡ª≈’ˬπµàÕ
‰ª‡ªìπ indoleacetic acid (IAA) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√æ«°
ÕÕ°´‘π à«π¬’π tmr ‡ªìπ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë √â“ß
isopentenyl adenosine (IPA) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√æ«°
‰´‚µ‰§π‘π ¢Õ∫‡¢µ¢Õß T-DNA ∑’Ë®– àß∂à“¬‰ª
¬—߇´≈≈åæ◊®–§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–°”À𥂥¬≈”¥—∫‡∫ ´È”Ê
(terminal repeat) 25 §Ÿà‡∫ ®–¡’Õ¬Ÿà∑—Èß 2 ¢â“ߢÕß T-
DNA ‡√’¬° left border (LB) ·≈–right border (RB)
(Õ“√’¬å «√—≠꟫—≤π°å, 2541) °“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬
Agrobacterium ´÷Ë߇ªìπ«‘∏’°“√∑’ËÕ“»—¬∏√√¡“µ‘¢Õß
·∫§∑’‡√’¬‚√§æ◊∑’Ë¡’◊ËÕ«à“ A. tumefaciens ૬„π°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π‡¢â“ Ÿàæ◊ æ◊µâπ„À¡à∑’ˉ¥â‡√’¬°«à“æ◊¥—¥·ª≈ß
æ—π∏ÿå (transgenic plant) À≈—°°“√∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬«‘∏’π’ȧ◊Õ
π”‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ¢Õßæ◊¡“∑”„À⇰‘¥√Õ¬·º≈ ·≈⫇≈’Ȭß∫π
Õ“À“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭß√à«¡°—∫·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ®“°π—Èπ°”®—¥·∫§∑’‡√’¬
¥â«¬¬“ªØ‘’«π– °àÕπ∑’Ë®–π”‘Èπ à«π¢Õßæ◊‰ª‡≈’Ȭß
§—¥‡≈◊Õ°„πÕ“À“√ ‡´≈≈å∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√∂à“¬¬’π®–‡®√‘≠
‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¥â·≈â«π”‰ª—°π”„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπµâπæ◊ ®“°π—Èπ
µ√«® Õ∫°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π‡æ◊ËÕ¬◊π¬—πº≈Õ’°§√—Èß
Àπ÷Ëß ‚¥¬¬’π∑’Ë∂Ÿ° àß∂à“¬‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à¡’ 2 ·∫∫ §◊Õ
sense ·≈– antisense ´÷Ëßæ◊π‘¥·√°∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√∂à“¬
Ω“°¬’π‚¥¬ Agrobacterium §◊Õ Daucus carota (Õ“√’¬å
«√—≠꟫—≤π°å, 2541)
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬«‘∏’ Sense ·≈– Antisense
Van der Kroll et al. (1990) æ∫«à“ °“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß„¥Ê ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫¬’π dihydroflavonol -
4-reductase (DFR) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√
—߇§√“–Àå√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π ®– àߺ≈µàÕ°“√

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 19
· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß ’„π∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‰¡à«à“°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßπ—Èπ®–
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡π◊ËÕß®“°°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬«‘∏’ antisense ‡æ◊ËÕ
¬—∫¬—ÈßÀ√◊Õ≈¥°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π (suppression) À√◊Õ
àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬«‘∏’sense ‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡°“√ – ¡·≈–· ¥ßÕÕ°
¢Õ߬’π„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ (over expression) °“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π
‚¥¬„â«‘∏’ antisense π—Èπ‡ªìπ°√–∫«π°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π
∑’˵àÕ°≈—∫∑‘»∑“ß ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥°“√≈Õ°√À— ®“°¬’π∑’Ë∂à“¬
Ω“°‡¢â“‰ª ®–‰¥âÕ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ “¬∑’ˇªìπ§Ÿà ¡°—∫Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ
¢Õ߬’π „πæ◊ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥°“√®—∫‡¢â“§Ÿà°—π ∑”„À≡ࡒ°“√
·ª≈√À— ‡ªìπ‚æ≈’‡ææ‰∑¥åÀ√◊Õ‚ª√µ’π ·≈–‰¡à‡°‘¥
°“√ √â“߇ÕÁπ‰´¡åÀ√◊Õ “√´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈≈—æ∏å¢Õ߬’π¥—ß°≈à“«
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬«‘∏’ antisense ‡æ◊ËÕ¬—∫¬—ÈßÀ√◊Õ≈¥°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π ‚¥¬∑’Ë antisense DFR gene ∑”„Àâ
ª√‘¡“≥√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ≈¥≈ß„πæ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬ À√◊Õ°“√ àß∂à“¬
antisense DFR gene ‡¢â“ Ÿà‡¬Õ∫’√“ “¡“√∂‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°
’·¥ß‡ªìπ ’¡æŸ ·≈– ”À√—∫æ◊ lisianthus æ∫«à“
‡°‘¥°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π ’®“°¡à«ß‰ª‡ªìπ¢“« πÕ°®“°π’È °“√
àß∂à“¬ antisense DFR gene ∑”„Àâ Torenia hybrida
‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°¥Õ° ’πÈ”‡ß‘π‡ªìπ ’πÈ”‡ß‘πÕàÕπ‰¥â (Aida
et al., 2000) ¥—ßπ—Èπ ®÷ßπ”¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â„π°“√»÷°…“
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π DFR ‡¢â“æ◊ª∑ÿ¡¡“ ‚¥¬°≈‰°°“√‡°‘¥
’„πæ◊‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫‡Õπ‰´¡åÀ≈“¬π‘¥ ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë
”§—≠ §◊Õ ‡Õπ‰´¡å DFR ´÷Ëß∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë„π¢—ÈπµÕπ
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√’¥—°—𠇪≈’ˬπ “√µ—«°≈“ß (intermediate)
dihydroflavonols ‡ªìπ leucoanthocyanidin ´÷Ëß “√
µ—«π’ȇª≈’Ë¬π‰ªµ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®π°√–∑—Ë߇ªìπ “√°≈ÿà¡
cyanidine, pelargonidine ·≈– delphinidin ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π ‚¥¬¬’π DFR °”Àπ¥°“√ √â“ß
‡Õπ‰´¡å¥—ß°≈à“« ¥—ßπ—Èπ ∂â“¡’°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π DFR ‚¥¬
«‘∏’ antisense ‡æ◊ËÕ¬—∫¬—ÈßÀ√◊Õ≈¥°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π
(suppression) Õ“®∑”„À≡ࡒÀ√◊Õ≈¥°“√ √â“ß “√„π
°≈ÿà¡ cyanidine, pelargonidine ·≈–delphinidin ·≈–
àߺ≈µàÕ°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß ’„π∑’Ë ÿ¥
”À√—∫°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π ‚¥¬«‘∏’ sense ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
°√–∫«π°“√·∑√°¬’π∑’Ë¡’‘Èπ à«π§√∫∂â«π ¡∫Ÿ√≥å
(full length gene) ‡¢â“ Ÿà ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ∑’˵âÕß°“√‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
‘Ëß¡’’«‘µπ‘¥π—Èπ “¡“√∂ √â“ß‚ª√µ’π´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈≈—æ∏å
¢Õ߬’π∑’Ë·∑√°‡¢â“‰ªπ—ÈπÕÕ°¡“‰¥â ‚¥¬¬’π∑’Ë«à“π’ÈÕ“®
‰¥â¡“®“° ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µπ‘¥π—Èπ‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µπ‘¥Õ◊Ëπ
°Á‰¥â ªí®®ÿ∫—π‡∑§π‘§π’È∂Ÿ°π”¡“„â„π°“√ √â“ßæ◊
¥—¥·ª≈ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡À≈“¬π‘¥ ‡àπ ¢â“« Golden Rice
·≈–ΩÑ“¬ BT ‡ªìπµâπ °“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π DFR ‚¥¬«‘∏’ Sense
‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡°“√ – ¡·≈–· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π„Àâ¡“°¢÷Èπ (over
expression) π—Èπ Õ“®∑”„Àâ¡’°“√ √â“ß “√„π°≈ÿà¡
cyanidine, pelargonidine ·≈– delphinidin ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
àߺ≈µàÕ°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß ’∑’Ë¡“°¢÷Èπ¥â«¬‡àπ°—π
√“¬ß“π¢Õß Holton (1996) »÷°…“°“√ àß∂à“¬ Sense
DFR gene æ∫«à“ °“√ àß∂à“¬ sense DFR gene ®“°
æ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬ ∑”„Àâ¥Õ° ’¢“«¢Õß Dianthus caryophyllus
‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ¥Õ° ’¡à«ß πÕ°®“°π’È¡’√“¬ß“π°“√ àß∂à“¬
¬’π DFR ‚¥¬«‘∏’ RNA interference (RNAi) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
°√–∫«π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π„π√–¥—∫
mRNA ‚¥¬À“°‡°‘¥Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ “¬§Ÿà¢÷Èπ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å
Õ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ “¬§Ÿà∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èππ’È®–∂Ÿ°∑”≈“¬‚¥¬°≈ÿà¡¢Õß
‡Õπ‰´¡å𑫧≈’‡Õ ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ RNA-induce silencing
complex (RISC) „À⇰‘¥‡ªìπÕ“√å‡ÕÁπ‡Õ “¬§Ÿà‘Èπ‡≈Á°Ê
¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥ 22 𑫧≈’‚Õ‰∑¥å ‡√’¬°«à“ small
interfering RNA (siRNA) ´÷Ëß siRNA ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èππ’È®–
‡ªìπµ—«°√–µÿâπ„À⇰‘¥°“√∑”≈“¬ mRNA ∑’Ë¡’≈”¥—∫
‡∫ ‡À¡◊Õπ°—πµàÕ‰ª ´÷Ë߇◊ËÕ«à“°≈‰°∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èππ’È¡’
ª√–‚¬πå„π°“√૬„Àâ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ “¡“√∂µâ“π∑“πµàÕ
‰«√— ∫“ß𑥉¥â ·≈–¬—ß„â„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π„Àâ·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ªµ“¡à«ß°“√æ—≤π“
√–¬–µà“ßÊ ‰¥â ¡’√“¬ß“π°“√»÷°…“°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π DFR
‚¥¬«‘∏’ RNA interference (RNAi) ‡æ◊ËÕ°“√ √â“ß
°ÿÀ≈“∫¥Õ° ’πÈ”‡ß‘π‚¥¬ ∂“∫—π CSIRO ‚¥¬ Wang
·≈–§≥– (1997) ‰¥â„â RNAi (RNA interference)
À¬ÿ¥°“√∑”ß“π¢Õ߬’π DFR „π°ÿÀ≈“∫ ’·¥ß ‡æ◊ËÕ
¬—∫¬—Èߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ cyanidin pathway §◊Õ °“√ √â“ß “√°≈ÿà¡
cyanidin ( ’·¥ß) „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°Á‡æ‘Ë¡°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
“√„π°≈ÿà¡ delphinidin (´÷Ëß„Àâ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π) ‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
¡∫Ÿ√≥å ·≈–π—°«‘®—¬®“° ∂“∫—π«‘®—¬ Suntory ‰¥â„â

20 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
À≈—°°“√‡¥’¬«°—ππ’È “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√ √â“ß ’¡æŸ„π
°ÿÀ≈“∫ “¬æ—π∏ÿå ’¡æŸ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥°“√ —߇§√“–Àå ’πÈ”‡ß‘π
∑¥·∑π‰¥â πÕ°®“°¬—∫¬—Èß°“√ √â“߇¡Á¥ ’·≈⫬—ß
“¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß°“√ √â“ß ‡Õ∑‘≈’π ®“°√“¬ß“π¢Õß Huang
et al. (2007) ‰¥â»÷°…“°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π‡¢â“¥Õ°æ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬
¥â«¬ Agrobacterium ‚¥¬„⬒π antisense BoACS1 ·≈–
antisense BoACO1 √À— ≈”¥—∫¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß
°—∫°“√ —߇§√“–Àå‡Õ∑‘≈’π„πæ◊º—°π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß æ∫«à“¬’π
antisense BoACO1 “¡“√∂≈¥°“√ —߇§√“–Àå‡Õ∑‘≈’π
·≈–∑”„Àâ¥Õ°æ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬‡À’ˬ«‡©“â“≈ß πÕ°®“°π’È¡’√“¬ß“π
°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π¥â«¬ Agrobacterium „π¡–‡¢◊Õ‡∑» ‚¥¬
„⬒π ACC oxidase strong 1 æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂¬—∫¬—Èß
°“√ ÿ°¢Õß¡–‡¢◊Õ‡∑»‰¥â„π√–¥—∫ mRNA (Shaharuddin
et al., 2006)
√“¬ß“𧫓¡ ”‡√Á®¢Õß°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π „πæ◊
„∫‡≈’ȬߧŸà
„π∫∑§«“¡π’È®–¢Õ𔇠πÕ°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π∑’Ë
‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π·≈–∑”„Àâ¥Õ°
¢Õßæ◊‡ª≈’Ë¬π ’ ®“°√“¬ß“π¢Õß Shimada et al. (2001)
“¡“√∂ àß∂à“¬ sense ¢Õ߬’π flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase
(F3'5'H) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¬’π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π∑”„Àâ¥Õ° ’¡æŸ‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ
’¡à«ß ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ àß∂à“¬ antisense ¢Õ߬’π (F3'5'H)
“¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥¥Õ° ’πÈ”‡ß‘π„πæ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ
’¡æŸÀ√◊ÕπÈ”‡ß‘π´’¥‰¥â πÕ°®“°π’È Aida et al. (2000)
‰¥â»÷°…“°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π §◊Õ ¬’π DFR ·≈– ¬’π
chalcone synthase (CHS) ‚¥¬«‘∏’ antisense æ∫«à“°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π DFR ∑”„Àâ¥Õ°·««¡¬ÿ√“¡’ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π·≈–
’¢“«ª–ªπ°—πÕ¬Ÿà ·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Ueyama
et al. (2002) ‰¥â√“¬ß“π∂÷ß°“√»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√
æ—≤π“¢Õߥհ·««¡¬ÿ√“ æ∫«à“¥Õ°·««¡¬ÿ√“„π√–¬–
µà“ßÊ ¡’°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß ’·≈–°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
‡Õπ‰´¡å„π°≈ÿà¡√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡◊Õπ
°—π‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫ Jaakola et al. (2002) ‰¥â»÷°…“°“√
· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π
„π√–À«à“ß°“√æ—≤π“°“√ ÿ°¢Õߺ≈∫‘≈‡∫Õ√’ æ∫«à“
’¢Õߺ≈∫‘≈‡∫Õ√’„π√–¬–µà“ßÊ ¢Õß°“√ ÿ°¡’°“√
– ¡‡Õπ‰´¡å·≈–°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß
°—∫√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
∫“ߪ√–°“√¢Õßæ◊ ¡’®ÿ¥ª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥âæ◊∑’Ë¡’
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’˵âÕß°“√À√◊Õ‡æ◊ËÕª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥¿“æ„À⥒¢÷Èπ
°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿß ’¢Õߥհ‰¡â °Á‡ªìπ ‘ËßÀπ÷Ëß∑’Ë°”≈—߇ªìπ
∑’Ë π„® ·≈–¡’ß“π«‘®—¬∑’˪√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á® ‚¥¬°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√ —߇§√“–Àå√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ
·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π °“√ àß∂à“¬ antisense CHS gene „π
Gebera hybrida ‚¥¬„â A. tumefaciens æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂
¬—∫¬—Èß°“√ —߇§√“–Àå√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π „π¥Õ°
Gebera hybrida ‰¥â ®“°√“¬ß“π¢Õß Spelt et al. (2000)
»÷°…“°“√ àß∂à“¬ DFR gene „π¥Õ°æ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬‚¥¬„â
A. tumefaciens æ∫«à“ °“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π DFR ·≈–
’¥Õ°¢Õßæ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ Yan
et al. (2001) »÷°…“°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π chalcone synthase
A gene „π¥Õ°æ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬ ‚¥¬„â A. tumefaciens
LBA4404 /pBI121 plasmid æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂∑”„À⇰‘¥
°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß ’¥Õ°¢Õßæ‘∑Ÿ‡π’¬‰¥â ‚¥¬‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“°
’¡à«ß‡ªìπ ’¢“« ·≈–¢“« ≈—∫¡à«ß πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’ß“π
«‘®—¬∑’Ë∑”„πæ◊π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ ·≈–„Àâº≈∑’Ë¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
∑’Ë ’¢Õߥհ À√◊Õ„∫æ◊‰¥â Liu et al. (2001) »÷°…“
àß∂à“¬ tag1-gene ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°“√ —߇§√“–Àå√ߧ«—µ∂ÿ
·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π„𬓠Ÿ∫ ‚¥¬„â A. tumefaciens
æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ ’¥Õ°¢Õ߬“ Ÿ∫ ‡ª≈’Ë¬π®“° ’·¥ß
‡ªìπ ’·¥ß∑’Ë®“ß≈߉¥â „πªï 2010 Grosser et al. ‰¥â
»÷°…“°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß∑“ßæ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õß â¡≈Ÿ°º ¡
‚¥¬°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π¥â«¬ Agrobacterium ‚¥¬∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π
egfp-nptII ¿“¬„µâ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¢Õß CaMV 35S promoter
æ∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π√âÕ¬≈– 18 ·≈–„πªï
‡¥’¬«°—π Figueiredo et al. (2010) ‰¥â»’°…“°“√∂à“¬
Ω“°¬’π‡¢â“ Guignardia citricarpa ¥â«¬ Agrobacterium
tumefaciens ‚¥¬„âæ≈“ ¡‘¥ pPZP201BK æ∫«à“¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π√âÕ¬≈– 93.75 πÕ°®“°π’È

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 21
ºŸâ‡¢’¬π¬—߉¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬„â
A. tumefaciens ·≈–ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„πæ◊Õ—≠—π
´÷Ë߇ªìπæ◊„∫‡≈’ȬߧŸàº≈°“√»÷°…“ àß∂à“¬¬’π DFR ‡¢â“ Ÿà
Õ—≠—π À≈—ß®“° co-cultivation 4 ‡¥◊Õπ π”‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕÕ—≠—π
¡“∑”°“√µ√«® Õ∫‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§ GUS histochemical
assay (GUS expression) æ∫«à“‡°‘¥®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π
(√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“ß X-gluc ·≈– ≥
§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 20 ·≈–µ√«® Õ∫¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ PCR
æ∫·∂∫¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ PCR ”À√—∫¬’π GUS
∑ÿ°µâπ·≈–‰¥â·∂∫¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ª√–¡“≥
510 (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) (Buddharak et al., 2009)
(°) (¢)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 GUS expression ¢ÕßÕ—≠—≠ Õ“¬ÿ 4 ‡¥◊Õπ À≈—ß co-cultivation ‚¥¬„â A. tumefasiens “¬æ—π∏ÿå
AGLO (°) Õ—≠—≠∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â àß∂à“¬¬’π (control) (¢) Õ—≠—≠∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ àß∂à“¬ AGLO/ pBI121- DFR
(∑’Ë¡“: Buddharak et al., 2009)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 º≈¢Õߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ PCR ”À√—∫¬’π GUS
M : Lamda / PstI (marker)
NC : Õ—≠—≠∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â àß∂à“¬¬’π (control)
PC : æ≈“ ¡‘¥ pBI121
Lane1-9 : Õ—≠—≠ àß∂à“¬¬’π (AGLO/pBI121/DFR) (∑’Ë¡“: Buddharak et al., 2009)

å
22 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√“¬ß“𧫓¡ ”‡√Á®¢Õß°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π„πæ◊
„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«
°“√∂à “¬∑Õ¥¬’ π‚¥¬„â ·∫§∑’ ‡√’ ¬
Agrobacterium ‰¥âº≈¥’ ·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√ àß
∂à“¬¬’π Ÿß„πæ◊„∫‡≈’ȬߧŸà ‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥âº≈°—∫æ«°∏—≠æ◊
√«¡∂÷ßæ«°æ◊„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ ·µàÕ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
°Á‰¥â¡’°“√∑¥≈Õß„â·∫§∑’‡√’¬ Agrobacterium „π°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π‡¢â“ Ÿàæ◊„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«‰¥â‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á®·≈â«„πæ◊
„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«∫“ßπ‘¥ (Conner and Dommisse, 1992;
Rashid et al., 1996) ‚¥¬‡©æ“– Rashid et al. (1996)
√“¬ß“π°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‡¢â“ Ÿà¢â“« indica æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂
àß∂à“¬‰¥â‡ªìπº≈ ”‡√Á®·≈– “¡“√∂∂à“¬∑Õ¥‰ª àß√ÿàπ T1
‰¥â ·≈–¡’°“√°√–®“¬¢Õ߬’π‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡°Æ¢Õ߇¡π‡¥≈
µàÕ¡“„πªï Wang et al. (1997) ª√—∫ª√ÿߪ√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
·≈–°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π∑’Ë àß∂à“¬‡¢â“ Ÿà¢â“«‚¥¬»÷°…“
®“°¬’π‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬∑’Ë¡’ intron æ∫«à“¬’π∑’Ë¡’ intron ¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√ àß∂à“¬ Ÿß°«à“¬’π∑’ˉ¡à¡’ intron µàÕ
¡“„πªï 1999 Mohanty et al. ª√—∫ª√ÿß°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π
‡¢â“ Ÿà¢â“«„Àâ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‚¥¬ àß∂à“¬‡¢â“ Ÿàindica
rice æ—π∏ÿå pusa basmati 1 æ∫«à“¡’·§≈≈— ∑’˵â“π∑“π
µàÕ hygromycin B Ÿß∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 56 ·≈–¡’®”π«π copy
µ—Èß·µà 1-4 copy ·≈–¡’°“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õ߬’π Ÿà√ÿàπ≈Ÿ°
¡’∑—Èß∑’ˇªìπ‰ªµ“¡°Æ¢Õ߇¡π‡¥≈·≈–‰¡à‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡
°Æ¢Õ߇¡π‡¥≈ πÕ°®“°¢â“«°Áæ∫«à“¡’°“√»÷°…“°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π‡¢â“ Ÿà°≈⫬‰¡âæ«° phalaenopsis ‚¥¬
Belarmino et al. (2000) ‰¥â»÷°…“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π¢Õß A.tumefaciens 2 “¬æ—π∏ÿå §◊Õ
LBA4404 ·≈– EHA101 ‚¥¬ àß∂à“¬¬’π GUS æ∫«à“
A. tumefaciens ∑—Èß 2 “¬æ—π∏ÿå ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‡∑à“Ê °—π ·≈– Liew et al. (1998)
»÷°…“°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π DFR æ∫«à“„π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∑ÿ°
à«π∑’Ë¡’ ’¡à«ß¢Õß°≈⫬‰¡â¡’°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π DFR
´÷Ë߇°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫°“√ —߇§√“–Àå√ß«—µ∂ÿ·Õπ‚∑‰´¬“π‘π
·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Boase et al. (1998) »÷°…“°“√ àß
∂à“¬¬’π GUS ‡¢â“ Ÿà Chrysanthemum æ—π∏ÿåµà“ß Ê ‚¥¬
A. tumefaciens 4 “¬æ—π∏ÿå ‰¥â·°à EHA105, LBA4404,
MOG101 ·≈– MOG301 ‡«§‡µÕ√å∑’Ë„â àß∂à“¬
§◊Õ pMOG410 ·≈– pKIWI110 ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√ àß∂à“¬ æ∫«à“ ‡∫≠®¡“»·µà≈–æ—π∏ÿ
°Á‡À¡“–°—∫ A. tumefaciens “¬æ—π∏ÿå∑’˵à“ß°—π
„πß“π«‘®—¬¢—ÈπµàÕ¡“°Á§◊Õ°“√∑¥≈Õß àß∂à“¬¬’π
Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë π„® (πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“° GUS gene) ‡¢â“ Ÿàæ◊„∫
‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ« ´÷Ëß°Áæ∫«à“ª√– ∫º≈ ”‡√Á®‡àπ°—π ¥—ß
√“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬¢Õß Datta et al. (2000) ∑’Ë»÷°…“°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π„π indica rice ‚¥¬ A. tumefaciens satrain
LBA4404 (pNO1) ·≈– A281 (pNO1) æ∫«à“
A. tumefaciens ∑—Èß 2 “¬æ—π∏ÿå “¡“√∂ àß∂à“¬ chitinase
gene ‡¢â“ Ÿà embrgogenic calli ¢Õߢ⓫‰¥â ·≈–æ∫
°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õß chitinase gene ®“°¢â“«∑’Ëæ—≤π“
‡ªìπµâπ‰¥â ®“°°“√ àß∂à“¬¥â«¬ A. tumefaciens ∑—Èß 2
“¬æ—π∏ÿå πÕ°®“°π’È¡’√“¬ß“πª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ·≈–§«“¡
”‡√Á®„πæ◊„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«Õ◊Ëπ Ê À≈“¬π‘¥ ‡àπ Kamo
(1997) ‰¥â√“¬ß“π°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π„π Gladiolus æ∫«à“¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ àß∂à“¬√âÕ¬≈– 0.5 ®“°°“√»÷°…“°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π¢Õß Wang and Ge (2005) ´÷Ë߉¥â»÷°…“
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π„πæ◊„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ« Fetuca aundinacea
¥â«¬ A.tumefaciens EHA105 °—∫æ≈“ ¡‘¥
pCAMBIA1305.2 æ∫«à“¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ àß∂à“¬
¬’π√âÕ¬≈– 1.9 Ledger et al. (1997) àß∂à“¬¬’π„π
lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) æ∫«à“¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ àß∂à“¬√âÕ¬≈– 1.9 ‡àπ°—π „π¢≥–∑’Ë
Akasaka-Kennedy, Tomita and Ezura (2004) »÷°…“
°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π„π Cucumis melo L. æ∫«à“ ¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ√âÕ¬≈– 2.3 Shrawat et al. (2007)‰¥â»÷°…“
°“√æ—≤π“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ¢Õß°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π¥â«¬
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ¢Õߢ⓫∫“√å‡≈à¬å ‚¥¬„â
Agrobacterium strain harboring LBA4404 ∑’Ë¡’
binary vector pUGAB7 ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¬’π bar ·≈–
¬’π uidA À√◊Õ pYF133 ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¬’π hpt ·≈–
¬’π GFP æ∫°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π∑’˵â“π∑“πµàÕ bialaphos ·≈–
hygromycin ‚¥¬¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√∂à“¬Ω“°µ—Èß·µà
√âÕ¬≈– 2.6-5.6 ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 3.3-6.7 µ“¡≈”¥—∫

å
∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 23
”À√—∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß “√æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢ÕßÀ≠â“Õ“À“√
—µ«å (Festuca pratensis) ‚¥¬»÷°…“°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π‡¢â“
embryogenic callus „â A. tumefaciens strain AGL1
∑’Ë¡’ binary vector pDM805 ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬¬’π
acetyltransferase phosphinothricin (bar) ·≈–¬’π
b- glucuronidase (uidA) æ∫°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π uidA
√âÕ¬≈– 82 (Gao et al., 2009) °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß “√
æ—π∏ÿ°√√¡¢Õߢ⓫¥â«¬ Agrobacterium ‚¥¬„â
phosphomannose isomerase (pim) ‡ªìπ¬’π‡§√◊ËÕßÀ¡“¬
§—¥‡≈◊Õ° æ∫ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π√âÕ¬≈– 16.5
(Yu-Xiang et al., 2006) ·≈–°“√∂à“¬Ω“°¬’π‡¢â“ Aloe
barbadensis ¥â«¬ Agrobacterium tumefaciens “¬æ—π∏ÿ
EHA105 ·≈– C58C1 æ∫«à“¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√∂à“¬
Ω“°¬’π√âÕ¬≈– 80.0 ·≈–√âÕ¬≈– 30.0 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ (He
et al., 2007) °“√»÷°…“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π„π
æ◊„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«¢Õß Frame et al. (2002) æ∫«à“°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π„π¢â“«‚楂¥¬„â A. tumefaciens strain
EHA101 containing the standard binary vector pTE102
“¡“√∂ àß∂à“¬¬’π GUS ‡¢â“ Ÿà embryos ¢Õߢ⓫‚æ¥
‚¥¬æ∫°“√· ¥ßÕÕ°¢Õ߬’π GUS ´÷Ëß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
°“√ àß∂à“¬√âÕ¬≈– 5.5 ·≈–°Á “¡“√∂æ—≤𓇪ìπµâπ∑’Ë
¡∫Ÿ√≥剥â πÕ°®“°π’ȺŸâ‡¢’¬π¬—߉¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“°“√
àß∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬„â A. tumefaciens ·≈–ª√– ∫§«“¡
”‡√Á®„πæ◊¥Õ°À≈“¬π‘¥ ‡àπ ª∑ÿ¡¡“ ´÷Ë߇ªìπæ◊
„∫‡≈’ˬ߇¥’ˬ« ‚¥¬¡’√“¬ß“πæÕ √ÿª‰¥â«à“®“°°“√∑¥≈Õß
àß∂à“¬¬’π GUS ‡¢â“ ŸààÕ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬ (coinflorescense) ¢Õß
ª∑ÿ¡¡“‚¥¬ A. tumefaciens “¬æ—π∏ÿå AGLO ¥â«¬
æ≈“ ¡‘¥ 4 π‘¥ §◊Õ pSCV1.6 pBI121 pCAMBIA1303
·≈– pCAMBIA1304 µ√«® Õ∫º≈°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π ‚¥¬
‡∑§π‘§ GUS histochemical assay æ∫«à“‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
àÕ¥Õ°¬àÕ¬¢Õߪ∑ÿ¡¡“∑’Ë àß∂à“¬¥â«¬ pSCV1.6 ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“
µ√«® Õ∫æ∫°“√‡°‘¥®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π (transient expression)
§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 65 ´÷Ëß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥‚¥¬æ∫®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π‡¢â¡
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∑—Ë«∑—È߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ∑’Ë®–‡®√‘≠‰ª‡ªìπµâπ à«π‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ
ª∑ÿ¡¡“∑’Ë àß∂à“¬¥â«¬ pBI121 ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¡“µ√«® Õ∫æ∫
°“√‡°‘¥®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π (transient expression) §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈–
40 ‚¥¬æ∫®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π∑’ˇπ◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ·µà ’‰¡à‡¢â¡‡∑à“°—∫
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª∑ÿ¡¡“∑’Ë àß∂à“¬¥â«¬ pSCV1.6 ·µà„π°“√
àß∂à“¬æ≈“ ¡‘¥¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ ‚¥¬„â‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª∑ÿ¡¡“∑’Ë àß∂à“¬
¥â«¬ pCAMBIA 1303 ·≈– pCAMBIA 1304 ‡¡◊ËÕ
π”¡“µ√«® Õ∫æ∫°“√‡°‘¥®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π (transient
expression) §‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 5 ‡∑à“°—π ‚¥¬æ∫®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π
‡æ’¬ß‡≈Á°πâÕ¬·≈–¡’ ’®“ß
®“°π—Èπ¬—߉¥â∑”°“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π DFR ‡¢â“ Ÿà
‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª∑ÿ¡¡“ (Curcuma alismatifolia Gagnep.) ‚¥¬
À≈—ß®“° co-cultivation 5 ‡¥◊Õπ π”‡π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕª∑ÿ¡¡“
¡“∑”°“√µ√«® Õ∫‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§ GUS histochemical
assay (GUS expression) æ∫«à“‡°‘¥®ÿ¥ ’πÈ”‡ß‘π (√Ÿª
∑’Ë 3) ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“ß X-gluc ·≈– GUS
§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 5 ·≈–µ√«® Õ∫¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ PCR æ∫
·∂∫¥’‡ÕÁπ‡Õ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ PCR ”À√—∫¬’π GUS ·≈–
35S promotor ∑ÿ°µâπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4) (¿æ‡°â“ æÿ∑∏√—°…å,
2550) ®“°√“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬·≈–§«“¡ ”‡√Á®¢Õß°“√ àß
∂à“¬¬’π‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ A. tumefaciens ∑”„À≥â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
∑’ˇªìπæ◊Èπ∞“πæÕ®– √ÿª„π‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ‰¥â«à“°“√ àß∂à“¬
¬’π‚¥¬„â A. tumefaciens π—Èπ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â
„πæ◊„∫‡≈’ȬߧŸà®”π«π¡“° ·≈–°Áæ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π
æ◊„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«À≈“¬π‘¥ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡«‘∏’°“√ àß∂à“¬
¬’π‚¥¬„â·∫§∑’‡√’¬°Á‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â„πæ◊∑ÿ°π‘¥
¥—ßπ—Èπ«‘∏’°“√π’È®÷߇ªìπ∑“߇≈◊Õ°Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë®–∂Ÿ°π”¡“„â‡æ◊ËÕ
ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏ÿåæ◊„Àâ¡’≈—°…≥–µ“¡µâÕß°“√ ‚¥¬„π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π«‘∏’¥—ß°≈à“« “¡“√∂ àß∂à“¬¬’πª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®
æ∫‰¥â∑—Èß„πæ◊„∫‡≈’Ȭ߇¥’ˬ«·≈–æ◊„∫‡≈’ȬߧŸà

24 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
(°) (¢)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 GUS expression ¢Õߪ∑ÿ¡¡“ Õ“¬ÿ 5 ‡¥◊Õπ À≈—ß co-cultivation‚¥¬„â A. tumefasiens “¬æ—π∏ÿå
AGLO (°) ª∑ÿ¡¡“∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â àß∂à“¬¬’π (control) (¢) ª∑ÿ¡¡“∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√ àß∂à“¬ AGLO/ pBI121-DFR
(∑’Ë¡“: ¿æ‡°â“ æÿ∑∏√—°…å, 2550)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 º≈¢Õߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ PCR ”À√—∫¬’π GUS (°) ·≈– 35S promoter primer (¢) M : Lamda / PstI (marker)
NC : ª∑ÿ¡¡“∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â àß∂à“¬¬’π (control) PC : æ≈“ ¡‘¥ pBI121 Lane1-8 : ª∑ÿ¡¡“ àß∂à“¬¬’π
(AGLO/pBI121/DFR) (∑’Ë¡“: ¿æ ‡°â“ æÿ∑∏√—°…å, 2550)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 25
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
π‡√» ¥”√ß—¬. (2543). º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß GMOs ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–‡‘ßπ‚¬∫“¬.
‚§√ß°“√»÷°…“π‚¬∫“¬¥â“π‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’’«¿“æ
»Ÿπ¬åæ—π∏ÿå«‘»«°√√¡·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’’«¿“æ
·Ààß“µ‘ (BIOTEC). æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 2. °√ÿ߇∑æœ.
ÿ√‘π∑√å ªî¬–‚§≥“°ÿ≈. (2548). æ—π∏ÿ«‘»«°√√¡.
¿“§«‘“æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 3.
°√ÿ߇∑æœ : ”π—°æ‘¡æ凰…µ√»“ µ√å.
¡æ√ ª√–‡ √‘∞ àß °ÿ≈. (2546). æ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈.
¿“§«‘“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å
«‘∑¬“‡¢µªíµµ“π’. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 1. °√ÿ߇∑æœ :
”π—°æ‘¡æå‚ø√å‡æ´.
¿‘≠‚≠ æ“π‘æ—π∏å. (2543).‚§√ß √â“ß·≈– ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß
°“¬¿“æ¢Õß°√¥π‘«§≈’Õ‘§. ¿“§«‘“’«‡§¡’
§≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈. æ‘¡æå
§√—Èß∑’Ë 3. °√ÿ߇∑æœ : æ‘¡æå∑’Ë¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À‘¥≈.
¿æ‡°â“ æÿ∑∏√—°…å. (2550). °“√ àß∂à“¬¬’π‡¢â“æ◊ª∑ÿ¡
¡“‚¥¬·∫§∑’‡√’¬ A. tumefaciens. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å
«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å¥ÿ…Æ’∫—≥±‘µ («‘∑¬“»“ µ√å’«¿“æ)
∫—≥±‘µ«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ¡À“«‘¬“≈—¬π‡√»«√. æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈°.
À—∑¬“ °“«’«ß»å. (2548). Õ≥Ÿæ—π∏ÿ»“ µ√å. ¿“§«‘“
’««‘∑¬“ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
‡’¬ß„À¡à. æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 1. ‡’¬ß„À¡à : ®—¥
æ‘¡æå‚¥¬Àâ“ßÀÿâπ à«π®”°—¥ ∫ÿ≠‰¬°“√æ‘¡æå.
Õ“√’¬å «√—≠꟫—≤π°å. (2541). °“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߇π◊ÈÕ‡¬◊ËÕ‡æ◊ËÕ
°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßæ—π∏ÿåæ◊. ”π—°«‘“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’
°“√‡°…µ√, ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ÿ√π“√’.
π§√√“ ’¡“.
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«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 28-35 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 28-35 (2011)
°“√‡µ√’¬¡´’√—¡¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§Õ¬à“ßßà“¬‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§âπæ∫
“√∫àß’È∑“ß’«¿“æ
Simple Techniques for Serum Preparations
in Biomarkers Discovery
»‘√‘æ√ ¿—∑√°‘®°”®√ 1,2* ¡π∑‘√“ ®–π—π∑å 3
∫∑π”
ªí®®ÿ∫—π°“√»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫‚ª√µ’π¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§
∑“ß‚ª√µ‘‚Õ¡‘§ å (proteomics) ‰¥â‡¢â“¡“¡’∫∑∫“∑
Õ¬à“ß¡“°„π°“√§âπÀ“ “√∫àß’È∑“ß’«¿“æ (biomarkers)
√«¡∑—ÈßÕ“®π”‰ª Ÿà°“√§âπæ∫‡ªÑ“À¡“¬ (targets) „π
°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‡°’ˬ«°—∫¬“√—°…“‚√§ (Garbis et al.,2005)
∑—Èßπ’ȇ∑§π‘§∑“ß‚ª√µ‘‚Õ¡‘§ å Õ“∑‘ two dimensional
gel electrophoresis (2DE) ·≈–·¡ ‡ª°‚∑√‡¡∑√’
(mass spectrometry) ‡ªìπ‡∑§π‘§∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‰« Ÿß„π
°“√«‘‡§√“–À傪√µ’π‰¥â√–¥—∫π“‚π‚¡≈∂÷߇ø¡‚µ‚¡≈
(Kenny et al.,1992; Gatlin et al., 1998) ∑—È߬—߉¥â¡’
°“√æ—≤π“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æÕ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß ¥—ßπ—Èπ¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§
∑’Ë¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ Ÿßπ’Èπà“®–𔉪 Ÿà°“√§âπæ∫ “√∫àß’È
∑“ß’«¿“æ ´÷Ëß®–‡ªìπª√–‚¬πåµàÕß“π∑“ߥâ“π°“√
·æ∑¬å¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ (Aebersold et al., 2003; Khan et al.,
2005)
°“√§âπæ∫‚ª√µ’π∑’ˇªìπ “√∫àß’È∑“ß’«¿“æ
¡’∫∑∫“∑„π°“√ªÑÕß°—π °“√«‘π‘®©—¬‚√§ °“√µ‘¥µ“¡
Õ“°“√¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬‰¥â √«¡∑—Èß√–¥—∫¢Õß “√∫àß’È∑“ß
’«¿“æ∑’˵√«®æ∫„π·µà≈–√–¬–π—Èπ¬—ß “¡“√∂‡ªìπ
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„π°“√«“ß·ºπ°“√√—°…“‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π
¡’°“√π” “√∫àß’È¡–‡√Áß (tumor markers) À≈“¬π‘¥
¡“„â„πß“π∑“ߧ≈‘π‘° ´÷Ëß “√∫àß’È¡–‡√Áß„π·µà≈–π‘¥
®–¡’§«“¡®”‡æ“–µàÕ¡–‡√Áß∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π µ—«Õ¬à“߇àπ
“√æ√Õ ‡µ∑ ‡ª§´‘øÕ𵑇®π (prostate specific
antigen, PSA) „π´’√—¡®–„â∫àß’È¡–‡√ÁßµàÕ¡≈Ÿ°À¡“°·≈–
“√Õ—≈ø“ø‚ª√µ’π (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP) „π´’√—¡
®–„â∫àß’È¡–‡√Áßµ—∫ ‡ªìπµâπ Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ “√∫àߒȇÀ≈à“
π—Èπ¬—߉¡à‡À¡“– ¡∑“ߧ≈‘π‘°„π°“√µ√«®æ∫¡–‡√Áß„π
√–¬–·√°Ê ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡‰«·≈–
§«“¡®”‡æ“–„π°“√µ√«®«—¥ (Block et al., 2005;
Sardana et al., 2007; Sardana et al., 2008)
1
»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“°“√µ√«®«‘π‘®©—¬∑“ßÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å §≥–‡∑§π‘§°“√·æ∑¬å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ Õ.‡¡◊Õß
®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40002
2
»Ÿπ¬å«‘®—¬æ¬“∏‘„∫‰¡â„πµ—∫·≈–¡–‡√Áß∑àÕπÈ”¥’ §≥–·æ∑¬»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40002
2
“¢“«‘“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å°“√·æ∑¬å §≥–‡∑§π‘§°“√·æ∑¬å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40002
* Corresponding Author, E-mail: sirpat@kku.ac.th

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 29
«‘∏’¡“µ√∞“π∑’Ëπ”¡“„â„π°“√µ√«®À“§«“¡
º‘¥ª°µ‘„πºŸâªÉ«¬¡–‡√ÁßÀ≈“¬π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à°“√µ—¥‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë
¡’欓∏‘ ¿“殓°ºŸâªÉ«¬‡æ◊ËÕÀ“§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘π—ÈπÊ
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ «‘∏’°“√¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ«‘∏’∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡“–®–„â
„π°“√µ√«®À“§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘„π√–¬–·√° √«¡∑—Èß°“√
‡°Á∫‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕµâÕßÕ“»—¬ºŸâ”π“≠·≈–Õ“® √â“ߧ«“¡
‰¡à –¥«°·°àºŸâªÉ«¬ „π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“‚ª√µ’π®“° ‘Ëß
àßµ√«®µà“ßÊ ‡àπ ´’√—¡·≈–ªí “«– ´÷Ë߇ªìπµ—«Õ¬à“ß
∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡ ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “¡“√∂‡®“–·≈–‡°Á∫‰¥â
ßà“¬ (Luque-Garcia et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2007)
”À√—∫ªí≠À“¢Õß°“√π”´’√—¡¡“„â„π°“√
»÷°…“‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“ “√∫àß’È∑“ß’«¿“æ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡®”‡æ“–
π—Èπ§◊Õ¡’°“√∫¥∫—ߢÕß‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“° (high
abundance proteins) ‚¥¬°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 95 ¢Õß‚ª√µ’π
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ‡ªìπ Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π (albumin), Õ‘¡¡Ÿ‚π°≈Õ∫∫Ÿ≈‘π
(immunoglobulins), ∑√“π ‡øÕ√‘π (transferin),
·Õπµ‘∑√‘ª´‘π (α-1-antitrypsin), ·Œª‚µ°≈Õ∫∫Ÿ≈‘π
(haptoglobulin) ‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°
‡À≈à“π’È®–∫¥∫—ß‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ (low abundance
proteins) ´÷Ëß¡—°‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠∑“ß
§≈‘π‘° (Anderson, 2005; Xue et al., 2010)
°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß°àÕπ°“√µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå
®÷ß¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠Õ¬à“߬‘Ëß∑’Ë®–૬≈¥¢âÕ®”°—¥¥—ß°≈à“«
‰¥â ‚¥¬À≈—°°“√Õ¬à“ßßà“¬‡ªìπ·∫∫ affinity ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂
∑”‰¥â Õߪ√–°“√ ”À√—∫ª√–°“√·√° §◊Õ °“√·¬°
‡Õ“‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°ÕÕ°®“°µ—«Õ¬à“ß (removal
techniques) (Ahmed et al., 2003; Bjorhall et al.,
2005; Zolotarjova et al., 2005) ª√–°“√∑’Ë Õß
§◊Õ°“√·¬àß®—∫¢Õß‚ª√µ’π∑’˵âÕß°“√ (enrichment
techniques) (Boschetti et al., 2008; Keidel et al.,
2010) ∑—Èß Õß«‘∏’ “¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√µ√«®
«‘‡§√“–Àå¢Õß‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ ´÷Ëß𔉪 Ÿà°“√
‡æ‘Ë¡‚Õ°“ „π°“√§âπæ∫‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠∑“ß
§≈‘π‘° „π∑’Ëπ’È¢Õ¬°µ—«Õ¬à“߇∑§π‘§Õ¬à“ßßà“¬∑’Ë “¡“√∂
∑”‰¥â„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√∑’ˉ¡àµâÕß°“√‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ摇»…
‰¥â·°à °“√„â cibacron blue gels ·≈– immunoaffinity
depletion method (Bodzon-Kulakowska et al., 2007)
‚¥¬∑—Èß Õ߇∑§π‘§π’È®–‡ªìπ°“√·¬°‡Õ“‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’
ª√‘¡“≥¡“°ÕÕ°®“°µ—«Õ¬à“ß ´÷Ë߇ªìπ«‘∏’¥—È߇¥‘¡∑’Ë¡’°“√
„âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß„πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ „πªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â¡’
°“√æ—≤π“‡∑§π‘§„À¡à¢÷Èπ¡“‡√’¬°«à“ equalizer bead
technology ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√·¬àß®—∫¢Õß‚ª√µ’π∑’˵âÕß°“√ ‡ªìπ
«‘∏’„À¡à®÷߬—߉¡à·æ√àÀ≈“¬¡“°π—° (Garbis et al., 2005)
«‘∏’π’È®– “¡“√∂≈¥¢âÕ®”°—¥¢Õß«‘∏’°“√¥—È߇¥‘¡ ‚¥¬®–
‰¥â°≈à“«√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥À≈—°°“√¢Õß·µà≈–«‘∏’ √«¡∑—Èß
¢âÕ¥’·≈–¢âÕ®”°—¥ ·≈–°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå°“√„âß“πµàÕ‰ª
°“√·¬°‡Õ“‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°ÕÕ°®“°
µ—«Õ¬à“ß (removal techniques)
1. °“√„â cibacron blue gels
Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π®—∫°—∫ cibacron blue gels ‰¥â‚¥¬
Õ“»—¬‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–°“√µàÕ°—π‡ªìπ«ß·À«π
∑’Ë∂Ÿ°¬÷¥µ‘¥Õ¬Ÿà∫πº‘«¢Õ߇¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘° (bead) ¥â«¬
æ—π∏–‚§«“‡≈πµå ‡√’¬°‚§√ß √â“ßπ’È«à“ cibacron blue
gels (√Ÿª∑’Ë 1) „π∏√√¡“µ‘Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π®–∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπµ—«æ“
‚¥¬®–®—∫°—∫‚ª√µ’π‰¥âÀ≈“¬π‘¥ ¥—ßπ—Èπ cibacron blue
gels ®÷߉¥â¡’°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫µ“¡‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ëæ∫„π
∏√√¡“µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ„â„π°“√®—∫°—∫Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π ¥â«¬æ—π∏–
Õ¬à“ßÕàÕπ

30 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ‚§√ß √â“ß cibacron blue 3G-A ( Ÿµ√‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ C 29
H 20
CIN 7
O 11
S 3
, πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ 774.16) Cibacron
blue 3G-A.
(∑’Ë¡“: http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB2498003.htm)
®“°°“√»÷°…“¢Õß »‘√‘æ√ ¿—∑√°‘®°”®√·≈–
§≥– (2009) æ∫«à“°“√π” cibacron blue gels ¡“„â
„π°“√®—∫Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π„π´’√—¡ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥âßà“¬ ‚¥¬º ¡
´’√—¡°—∫ cibacron blue gels „πÕ—µ√“ à«π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥
·≈–„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ°√¥¥à“ß∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ cibacron
blue gels °Á®– “¡“√∂®—∫°—∫Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π„π´’√—¡ „π‡«≈“
1 —Ë«‚¡ß À≈—ß®“°ªíòπ·¬° (spin down) Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π®–
∂Ÿ°·¬°ÕÕ°·≈– “¡“√∂π” à«π„ ∑’˪√“»®“°Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π
‰ª»÷°…“µàÕ‰ª (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) «‘∏’°“√π’È “¡“√∂°”®—¥Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π
‰¥â¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 60 Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡°“√®—∫°—π√–À«à“ß
cibacron blue gels ·≈–Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘ππ—Èπ¡’§«“¡®”‡æ“–µË”
®÷ß “¡“√∂®—∫°—∫‚ª√µ’ππ‘¥Õ◊Ëπ‰¥âÕ’° (Subramanian,
1984; Colantonio et al., 2005) ‚¥¬æ∫«à“¡’‚ª√µ’π
À≈“¬π‘¥∑’Ë∂Ÿ°°”®—¥ÕÕ°‰ª„π√–À«à“ß°√–∫«π°“√π’È
‡àπ ´’‚√∑√“π ‡øÕ√‘π (serotransferrin), Õ—≈ø“1-
·Õπµ‘∑√‘ª´‘π (α1-antitrypsin), Õ–‚æ‰≈‚悪√µ’π
(apolipoprotein) Õ’°∑—È߬—ßæ∫«à“¡’°“√ Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‚ª√µ’ππ‘¥
Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë®—∫Õ¬Ÿà°—∫Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘πÕ’°¥â«¬ (Granger et al., 2005)
Õ¬à“߉√°Á¥’ Ahmed Kassab et al. (2000) ∑¥ Õ∫«à“
cibacron blue gels ¬—ß “¡“√∂π”°≈—∫¡“„≥âÕ’°
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ‡∑§π‘§°“√„â cibacron blue gels ∑’Ë·¬°Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π„π´’√—¡

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 31
2. Immunoaffinity depletion method
À≈—°°“√ antigen-antibody complex §◊Õ
°“√π”·Õπµ‘∫Õ¥’∑’Ë®”‡æ“–°—∫‚ª√µ’π‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¡“µ√÷ß
Õ¬Ÿà∫πº‘«¢Õ߇¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘°¥â«¬æ—π∏–‚§«“‡≈πµå®“°π—Èπ
‡¡◊ËÕπ”´’√—¡¡“ºà“π§Õ≈—¡πå∑’Ë∫√√®ÿ¥â«¬·Õπµ‘∫Õ¥’∑’Ë
®”‡æ“– ‡àπ anti-albumin antibody °Á®– “¡“√∂®—∫
·≈–·¬°Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘πÕÕ°®“°´’√—¡‰¥âÕ¬à“ß®”‡æ“– ®“°°“√
»÷°…“¢Õß Nitin Seam et al. (2007) æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂
°”®—¥Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π‰¥â¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 95 (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ‡∑§π‘§ immunoaffinity depletion method ∑’Ë·¬°Õ—≈∫Ÿ¡‘π„π´’√—¡
‡∑§π‘§π’È “¡“√∂π”¡“„â°”®—¥‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’
ª√‘¡“≥¡“°‰¥âÕ¬à“ß®”‡æ“–·≈– “¡“√∂π”·Õπµ‘∫Õ¥’
À≈“°À≈“¬π‘¥∑’Ë®”‡æ“–¡“®—∫°—∫‚ª√µ’π‡ªÑ“À¡“¬
‰¥âÕ’°¥â«¬ (Linke et al., 2007; Cellar et al., 2009)
·Õπµ‘∫Õ¥’∑’Ë¡—°π”¡“µ√÷ßÕ¬Ÿà∫πº‘«¢Õ߇¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘°
à«π„À≠à®–Õ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“° ‰¥â·°à
albumin, IgG, transferrin, IgM, haptoglobin,
fibrinogen ·≈– (1-anti-trypsin ‡ªìπµâπ ”À√—∫
¢âÕ®”°—¥¢Õß°“√„â‡∑§π‘§π’È §◊Õ °“√¡’‚ª√µ’ππ‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ
´÷Ëß®—∫Õ¬Ÿà°—∫‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“° ®÷ß∑”„À₪√µ’π
Õ◊ËπÊ∂Ÿ°°”®—¥ÕÕ°‰ª¥â«¬ (Brand et al., 2006; Sahab
et al., 2007) πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’√“§“ Ÿß‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫«‘∏’
cibacron blue gels (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1) ·≈–‰¡à‡À¡“–∑’Ë®–
π”°≈—∫¡“„âÕ’°

32 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 · ¥ß°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫‡∑§π‘§°“√°”®—¥‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°
‡∑§π‘§
Cibacron blue gels
Immunoaffinity depletion Equalizer bead
¢âÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫
method
technology
À≈—°°“√ affinity antibody affinity affinity
§«“¡®”‡æ“– µË” Ÿß ª“π°≈“ß
√–¬–‡«≈“ 1-2 —Ë«‚¡ß ¡“°°«à“ 5 —Ë«‚¡ß 1-2 —Ë«‚¡ß
ª√‘¡“≥µ—«Õ¬à“ß πâÕ¬ πâÕ¬ πâÕ¬
π‘¥µ—«Õ¬à“ß ´’√—¡ ´’√—¡ ´’√—¡
‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ
“√‡À≈«„π√à“ß°“¬Õ◊ËπÊ
√“§“ ∂Ÿ° ·æß ª“π°≈“ß
°“√·¬àß®—∫¢Õß‚ª√µ’π∑’˵âÕß°“√ (enrichment
techniques)
The equalizer bead technology
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå “¬‚æ≈’‡ªª‰∑¥å∑’Ë “¡“√∂
®—∫°—∫‚ª√µ’π‰¥âÕ¬à“ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬ ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°°“√
ÕÕ°·∫∫ “¬‚æ≈’‡ªª‰∑¥åπ‘¥ ç‡Œ°´–‡ªª‰∑¥åé ∑’Ë
®– “¡“√∂ √â“ßµâπ·∫∫¢Õß‚ª√µ’π‰¥â¡“°∂÷ß
64,000,000 π‘¥ (Boschetti et al., 2008) ”À√—∫
“¬‚æ≈’‡ªª‰∑¥å¥—ß°≈à“«®–∂Ÿ°π”¡“µ√÷߉«â∫π
‡¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘° (sepharose) ¥â«¬æ—π∏–‚§«“‡≈πµå ‡√’¬°
equalizer beads „πÕ—µ√“ à«π∑’ˇ∑à“°—π®– “¡“√∂®—∫°—∫
‚ª√µ’π∑ÿ°π‘¥‰¥â„πª√‘¡“≥‡∑à“°—π (Boschetti et al.,
2008) ‡√’¬° equivalent binding capacity ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕπ”
‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë®—∫Õ¬Ÿà∫π‡¡Á¥æ≈“ µ‘°ÕÕ°¡“∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
°Á®–æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂≈¥°“√∫¥∫—ߢÕß‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥
¡“°·≈–¬—ß∑”„À₪√µ’π∑’Ë¡’ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬∂Ÿ°µ√«®æ∫
¥â«¬°≈‰°¥—ß°≈à“«®–∑”„Àâ “√∫àß’È∑“ß’«¿“æπ‘¥
„À¡àÊ ∂Ÿ°§âπæ∫‰¥âßà“¬¡“°¢÷Èπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4) ®“°°“√
»÷°…“„π‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ »‘√‘æ√ ¿—∑√°‘®°”®√ ·≈–§≥–
(unpublished data) æ∫«à“·∫∫·ºπ 2DE ¢Õß‚ª√µ’π„π
´’√—¡∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√‡µ√’¬¡¥â«¬«‘∏’π’È ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß®“°
Õ’° 2 «‘∏’¢â“ßµâπ
”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§π’È “¡“√∂ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â°—∫
µ—«Õ¬à“ßπ‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ ”§—≠∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ‡àπ
“√‡À≈«„π√à“ß°“¬, ‘Èπ‡π◊ÈÕ ·≈–‡´≈≈å‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß ‡ªìπµâπ
√«¡∑—Èß “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â„π°“√·¬°‚ª√µ’ππ‘¥
recombinant DNA product Õ’°¥â«¬ (Boschetti et al.,
2008) ∑—Èßπ’ȉ¡à·π–π”°“√„âæ≈“ ¡“„π°“√»÷°…“
‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ“®‡°‘¥°“√‡°“–°≈ÿà¡¢Õß‚ª√µ’π πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß
¡’¢âÕ®”°—¥§◊Õ °“√®—∫°—π¢Õß‚ª√µ’π·≈– equalizer
beads ®–®—∫¥â«¬æ—π∏–ÕàÕπÊ Õ“®∑”„ÀâÀ≈ÿ¥ÕÕ°®“°
°—π‰¥âßà“¬ (Thulasiraman et al., 2005; Boschetti
et al., 2008)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 33
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ‡∑§π‘§ equalizer bead technology ∑’Ë®—∫°—∫‚ª√µ’πµà“ßÊ „πµ—«Õ¬à“ß
√ÿª
°“√∑√“∫À≈—°°“√ ¢âÕ¥’·≈–¢âÕ®”°—¥¢Õß
‡∑§π‘§„π°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«Õ¬à“ß„Àâ¡’§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡°àÕπ
𔉪µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå¥â«¬«‘∏’‚ª√µ‘‚Õ¡‘§ å¡’§«“¡
”§—≠„π°“√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡‰«„π°“√µ√«®æ∫‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë
‡ªìπ “√∫àß’È∑“ß’«¿“æ∑’Ë¡—°¡’ª√‘¡“≥πâÕ¬ ∑—Èßπ’È„π
·µà≈–«‘∏’¡’À≈—°°“√∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—πÕÕ°‰ª “¡“√∂
‡µ√’¬¡‡ÕßÀ√◊Õ„âÿ¥ ”‡√Á®√Ÿª∑’Ë¡’ºŸâ®”Àπà“¬®”π«π¡“°
∑”„À⺟⫑®—¬µâÕßæ‘®“√≥“‡≈◊Õ°„â‡∑§π‘§‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ¡’§«“¡
‡À¡“– ¡°—∫ß“π∑’Ë»÷°…“ ´÷Ëß®–૬≈¥√–¬–‡«≈“„π
°“√»÷°…“·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡‚Õ°“ „π°“√§âπæ∫ “√∫àß’È∑“ß
’«¿“æ„π¢—Èπ ŸßµàÕ‰ª
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
»‘√‘æ√ ¿—∑√°‘®°”®√, »ÿ¿√‘π∑√å ÕâÕ¡πÕ°, ‘√‘≈—°…≥å
«‘‚√®πå —µµ∫ÿ…¬å, ≈‘Ë¡∑Õß æ√À¡¥’ ·≈–
¥«ßƒ¥’ ®—ßµ√–°Ÿ≈ (2009). °“√»÷°…“
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√°”®—¥Õ—≈∫Ÿ≈¡‘πÕÕ°®“°
´’√—¡¥â«¬«‘∏’ bromcresol green method.
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Aebersold, R. and Mann, M. (2003). Mass
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34 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
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❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 36-51 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 36-51 (2011)
·π«‚πâ¡°“√„âª√–‚¬π宓°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
Trend of Usage from Halophilic Archaea
»‘√‘≈—°…≥å π“¡«ß…å 1
∫∑π”
¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫
µ—Èß·µà√âÕ¬≈– 15 ∂÷ߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߇°≈◊ÕÕ‘Ë¡µ—« ‡À¡“–
°—∫°“√‡®√‘≠¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ (⁄Halophilic archaea)
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π§âπæ∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 28 °ÿ≈
(Grant et al., 1990; Oren, 2006) ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ °ÿ≈
Halobacterium, Hbt. salinarum “¡“√∂º≈‘µ
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π (Bacteriorhodopsin) ·≈–
∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π (trans-astaxanthin) ”À√—∫
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ߥâ“π· ß·≈–‡§¡’
∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„≥âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ß
¢«“ß„π¥â“πÕÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°‚∑√π‘§√–¥—∫‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈·≈–
√–∫∫· ß„π§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å ‡àπ ‡¡¡‡∫√π —߇§√“–Àå
(artificial membrane), ‚Œ‚≈°√“øî°øî≈å¡ (holographic
films) ‰∫‚Õ‘æ (biochip) ·≈–Àπ૬§«“¡®”„π
§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å (memory) √«¡∑—È߄⇪ìπ·ºàπ°√Õß
√—ß ’‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π√—ß ’‡¢â“ Ÿà “¬µ“ ”À√—∫∑√“π å-
·Õ µ“·´π∏‘πÕ¬Ÿà„π°≈ÿà¡¢Õß·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å
(carotenoid)¡’ƒ∑∏‘ϵâ“πÕÕ°´‘‡¥—π‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’
(Han et al., 2008; Rodriguez-Valera, 1992; Grout,
2000; Bramley, 2000) °ÿ≈ Haloferax, Hfx.
mediterranei ·≈– °ÿ≈ Halopiger, Hpg. aswanensis
“¡“√∂º≈‘µ‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ [polyhydroxy
alkanoate (PHA)] ´÷Ë߬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â„π∏√√¡“µ‘
“¡“√∂π”°≈—∫¡“À≈Õ¡„â„À¡à·≈–‰¡à∑”„Àâ√à“ß°“¬
‡°‘¥Õ“°“√·æâ √«¡∑—È߉¡à‡ªìπæ‘…°—∫‡´≈≈å (Rodriguez-
Valera et al., 1992; Hezayen et al., 2002) πÕ°®“°π’È
æ∫«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂ª√—∫µ—«„À⇮√‘≠„π
¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ‚¥¬°“√º≈‘µ “√≈–≈“¬∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë
√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ߥ—πÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫
¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å (compatible solutes) ·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡å
Õ∫‡§Á¡ (halophilic enzymes) “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë≈–≈“¬
πÈ”‡ªìπ “√∑’Ë¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á°·≈–‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠
‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õ߇´≈≈å ‡àπ ‡∫∑“Õ’π (betaine) Õ‘§‚∑Õ’π
(ectoine) ∑√’Œ“‚≈ (trehalose) ·≈– ´—≈‚ø∑√’Œ“‚≈
(sulfotrehalose) “√¥—ß°≈à“« “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„≥âÕÿµ “À°√√¡¬“·≈–‡§√◊ËÕß ”Õ“ß (Muller et al.,
2005; Martin et al., 1999) ”À√—∫‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡
¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘摇»… §◊Õ “¡“√∂· ¥ß°‘®°√√¡‰¥â„π
¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ ‡àπ ‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ–‰¡‡≈ ‡Õπ‰´¡å
‚ª√µ‘‡Õ ·≈– ‡Õπ‰´¡å‰≈‡ª (Hutcheon et al., 2005;
Capiralla et al., 2002; Boutaiba et al., 2006) „π
¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂ ≈“¬ “√æ‘…
„π¢Õ߇ ’¬∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ Ÿß®“°‚√ßß“πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ‡àπ
1
“¢“«‘“‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’’«¿“æ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“¿—Ø «π ÿπ—π∑“ ‡¢µ¥ÿ ‘µ °√ÿ߇∑æœ 10300
E-mail: sirilak.na@ssru.ac.th

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 37
·Õ≈‡§π (alkane; tetradecane, hexa decane, eicosane,
heneicosane ·≈– pristane) ·≈– Õ–‚√¡“µ‘°
‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ (aromatic hydrocarbons; acenaphtene,
phenaphtrene, anthracene ·≈– 9-methyl-anthracene)
(Bertrand et al., 1990)
‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„≥âÀ≈“°À≈“¬¥â“π
‡àπ ¥â“π§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å (·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π) Õ“À“√
·≈–¬“ (·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å ‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ
·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡) ·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ (‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’
·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ·≈–‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®—¥‡ªìπ®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åÕ’°°≈ÿà¡∑’ˇªìπ∑“ß
‡≈◊Õ° ”À√—∫„âª√–‚¬πå„πÕ𓧵 „πªí®®ÿ∫—π¬—ß
‰¡à§àÕ¬¡’°“√„âª√–‚¬π宓°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¡“°π—°
¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√»÷°…“Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
°“√ª√—∫µ—«„Àâ°—∫ ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
∑“ß’«‡§¡’ ·≈–§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’ ®—°
‡ªìπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡»—°¬¿“æ Ÿß ÿ¥„π°“√º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å¢Õß
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡·≈–≈¥§à“„â®à“¬„π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√º≈‘µ
√«¡∑—Èß°“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈‘µ¿—≥±å„πÕ𓧵
Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ (Taxonomy
of Halophilic Archaea)
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’„π ‘Ëß
·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµ—Èß·µà 15 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå
®π∂÷ߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߇°≈◊ÕÕ‘Ë¡µ—« (saturated NaCl) ‡àπ
∑–‡≈ “∫πÈ”‡§Á¡ (salt lake) ∑–‡≈ “∫πÈ”‡§Á¡∑’Ë¡’ pH
‡ªìπ¥à“ß (soda lake) ¥‘π‡§Á¡∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√√–‡À¬¢ÕßπÈ”
„Àâ¡’‡°≈◊Õ§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß (salterns) ·≈–Õ“À“√À¡—°
∑’˄⇰≈◊Õ∂πÕ¡Õ“À“√ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß (fermented food)
‚¥¬§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߇°≈◊Õ∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ √âÕ¬≈– 20 „π∫—®®ÿ∫—π
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¡’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 28 °ÿ≈ ´÷Ëß· ¥ß≈”¥—∫¢—Èπ
¢ÕßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡Õâ“ßÕ‘ßµ“¡
√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß Grant and Larsen (1990); Oren (2006)
(√Ÿª∑’Ë 1)
°“√»÷°…“¥â“πÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫
‡§Á¡„â«‘∏’ Polyphasic taxonomy ª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßøï‚π‰∑ªá (phenotypic
characteristics) §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß®’‚π‰∑ªá (genotypic
characteristics) ·≈–Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’ (chemotaxonomic
characteristics) (Oren et al., 1997) ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬¡’√“¬ß“π°“√§âπæ∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®”π«π 4 °ÿ≈
§◊Õ Halobacterium (Hbt. salinarum ·≈– Hbt.
piscisalsi), Haloarcula (Har. salaria ·≈– Har.
tradensis), Natrinema (Nmn. gari) ·≈– Halococcus
(Hcc. Thailandensis, Hcc. saccharolysitcus ·≈– Hcc.
morrhuae) ‚¥¬‡ªìπÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¬æ—π∏ÿå„À¡à∑—Èß
À¡¥ 5 “¬æ—π∏ÿå §◊Õ Hbt. piscisalsi, Har. salaria,
Har. tradensis, Nmn. gari ·≈– Hcc. thailandensis
· ¥ß¥—ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘µâπ‰¡â (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) (Namwong et al.,
2007; Namwong et al., inpress; Tanasupawat et al.,
2008-2009; Yachai et al., 2008; Tapingkae et al.,
2008)
°“√§âπæ∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¬æ—π∏ÿå„À¡à∑’Ë
“¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’„π ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡·µ°µà“ß°—π‰ª
∂◊Õ‡ªìπ·πâ«‚πâ¡∑’Ë®–‡æ‘Ë¡‚Õ°“ æ∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
∑’Ë®–¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡¥àπ∫“ߪ√–°“√∑’Ë¥’°«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫
‡§Á¡∑’ˇ§¬¡’√“¬ß“π¡“·≈â« ´÷Ë߇ªìπÕ’°∑“߇≈◊Õ°‡æ◊ËÕπ”
‰ª„â ”À√—∫‡ªìπºŸâº≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑“ß°“√§â“ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ
‡àπ °“√ª√—∫µ—«„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ (osmoadaptation)
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßøï‚π‰∑ªá (phenotypic characteristics)
·≈–§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’ (chemotaxonomic
characteristics) ®–∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂µ—¥ ‘π„®‡≈◊Õ°„â
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’˺≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë
µâÕß°“√‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ·≈–„âµâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µµË”

38 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
Domain Archaea
Kingdom Euryarchaeota
Phylum Euryarchaeota
Class Halobacteria
Order Halobacteriales
Family Halobacteriaceae
Genus Haladaptatus (Hap.)
Genus Haloalcalophilium (Hac.)
Genus Halobacterium (Hbt.)
Genus Halobiforma (Hbf.)
Genus Haloferax (Hfx.)
Genus Halogeometricum (Hgm.)
Genus Halopiger (Hpg.)
Genus Haloquadratum (Hqr.)
Genus Halosimplex (Hsx.)
Genus Halostagnicola (Hst.)
Genus Halovivax (Hvx.)
Genus Natrinema (Nnm.)
Genus Natronococcus (Ncc.),
Genus Natronomonas (Nmn.)
Genus Halalkalicoccus (Hac.)
Genus Haloarcula (Har.)
Genus Halobaculum (Hbl.)
Genus Halococcus (Hcc.)
Genus Halorhabdus (Hrd.)
Genus Halomicrobium (Hmc.)
Genus Haloplanus (Hpn.)
Genus Halorubrum (Hrr.)
Genus Halosarcina (Hsn.)
Genus Haloterrigena (Htg.)
Genus Natrialba (Nab.)
Genus Natronobacterium (Nbt.),
Genus Natronolimnobius (Nln.)
Genus Natronorubrum (Nrr.)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ≈”¥—∫¢—ÈπÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ (∑’Ë¡“: Oren, 2006)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 39
96
100
100
0.01
100
Halococcus saccharolyticus JCM 8878 T (AB004876)
Halococcus dombrowskii JCM 12289 T (AJ420376)
100
Halococcus dombrowskii JCM 12289 T (AJ420376)
Halococcus qingdaogense JCM 13587 T (AY243109)
54 Halococcus thailnadensis
Natrinema gari (AB289741)
Natrinema pellirubrum JCM 10476 T (AJ002947)
96 Natrinema pallidum JCM 8980 T (AJ002949)
Halobacterium piscisalci (AB285020)
62
Halobacterium salinarum DSM 3754 T (AJ496185)
100
Halobacterium salinarum strain DS2-5
52 Haloarcula amylolytica JCM 13557 T rrnB (DQ826513)
95
Haloarcula salaria rrnA (FJ429317)
Haloarcular tradensis rrnB (FJ429316)
78
60 Haloarcula amylolytica JCM 13557 T rrnC (DQ854818)
Haloarcula quadrata 801030/1 T rrnB (EF645694)
64
70
Haloarcula salaria rrnB (FJ429318)
Haloarcula tradensis rrnC (FJ429314)
Haloarcula tradensis rrnA (FJ429313)
Haloarcula quadrata JCM 11048 T rrnA (AB010965)
99 Haloarcula amylolytica JCM 13557 T rrnA (DQ826512)
Natronobacterium pharaonis JCM 8858 T (D87971)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß·ºπ¿Ÿ¡‘µâπ‰¡â¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¬æ—π∏ÿå„À¡à∑’˧—¥·¬°®“°ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ (∑’Ë¡“: Namwong et al.,
2007; Namwong et al., inpress; Yachai et al., 2008; Tapingkae et al., 2008)
°“√ª√—∫µ—«¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’
‡°≈◊Õ (Osmotic adaptation of halophilic
archaea)
„π ¿“«– ¡¥ÿ≈ (osmotic balance) √–À«à“ß
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬¿“¬„π (intracellular
solutes, S) °—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å∑”„À⇴≈≈å®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å
“¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‰¥â·≈–§ß√Ÿª√à“߇¥‘¡ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3.1)
„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ Ÿß (hypertonic condition) §«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å¡’¡“°°«à“¿“¬„π
‡´≈≈å®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å ∑”„ÀâπÈ”¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å‰À≈ÕÕ°πÕ°‡´≈≈å
‡æ◊ËÕª√—∫ ¡¥ÿ≈√–À«à“߇´≈≈å°—∫ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ àߺ≈„Àâ
‡´≈≈å Ÿ≠‡ ’¬πÈ” (dehydration) ®π„π∑’Ë ÿ¥‡´≈≈剡à
“¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3.2) ”À√—∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫
‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’„π ¿“«–¥—ß°≈à“«‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’
°√–∫«π°“√ª√—∫µ—«„π ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ ¥—ß
µàÕ‰ªπ’È
1. ‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕÕÕπ “√Õπ‘π∑√’¬å
(Accmulation of inorganic ions)
‡àπ Halobacterium salinarum µ√«®æ∫
‚´‡¥’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ (Na + ) ¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈åª√–¡“≥ 4.0
‚¡≈“√å ·µà¡’ª√‘¡“≥‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å
¡“°∂÷ß 4.57 ‚¡≈“√å (Martin et al., 1999; Christian

40 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
and Waltho, 1962) °“√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ
(K+) ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡Õ“»—¬°“√∑”ß“π
√«¡°—π√–À«à“ß·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π·≈– ATPase
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë¢π àß‚æ√∑ÕπÕÕ°®“°
‡´≈≈å„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’· ß ∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡·µ°µà“ߢÕß
‚æ√∑Õπ¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å (proton gradient)
·≈–‡°‘¥°“√‰À≈°≈—∫¢Õß‚æ√∑Õπ∫√‘‡«≥ ATPase À√◊Õ
Na + /H + antiporter ¢≥–°“√π”‚æ√∑Õπ‡¢â“‡´≈≈å∑’Ë
∫√‘‡«≥ Na + /H + antiporter ®–‡°‘¥°“√¢π àß‚´‡¥’¬¡
‰ÕÕÕπÕÕ°®“°‡´≈≈åºà“π∑“ß Na + /H + antiporter ‡àπ
°—π ·≈–¡’°“√π”‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ‡¢â“‡´≈≈å·∫∫
°“√·æ√à (passive transport) ºà“π uniport ∑’Ë∫√‘‡«≥
‡´≈≈凡¡‡∫√π ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥ ¡¥ÿ≈∑“ߪ√–®ÿ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å
(electroneutrality) (Lanyi and Hilliker, 1976)
”À√—∫Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∑’ˉ¡à¡’·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π
‡àπ Haloferax valcanii ®–π”‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ
‡¢â“‡´≈≈å‚¥¬«‘∏’ Active transport ‚¥¬„â ATP-driven
transport system (Meury and Kohiyama, 1989) „πªï
2000 Ng ·≈–§≥– »÷°…“®’‚π¡¢Õß Halobacterium
strain NRC-1 æ∫«à“πÕ°®“° Na + /H + antiporter ∑’Ë∑”
Àπâ“∑’Ë¢π àß‚´‡¥’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπÕÕ°®“°‡´≈≈å ¬—ßæ∫
∫√‘‡«≥Õ◊Ëπ∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë¢π àß‚´‡¥’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ §◊Õ NhaC
proteins ·≈–§âπ§∫√–∫∫°“√π”‡¢â“‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡
‰ÕÕÕπ 2 ·∫∫ §◊Õ Passive transport ·≈– Active
transport (ATP-driven transport system, KdpABC
·≈– TrkAH )
2. ‡æ‘Ë¡°“√π”‡¢â“À√◊Õ —߇§√“–Àå “√≈–≈“¬∑’Ë
∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ߥ—πÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π
°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å (Accumulation of Compatible
solutes by transport or synthesis)
“√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ߥ—πÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°
√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈åÕ“√凧’¬®—¥‡ªìπ “√∑’Ë¡’
¢π“¥‡≈Á°·≈–‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õ߇´≈≈å ®÷ß
∑”„Àâµ√«®æ∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√¥—ß°≈à“«¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å
Õ“√凧’¬ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß ‚¥¬‡©æ“– “√∑’Ë¡’À¡Ÿàøíß°å—π‡ªìπ≈∫
®– “¡“√∂‡¢â“‰ª‡°‘¥æ—π∏–‰ÕÕÕπ‘°°—∫‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡
‰ÕÕÕπ ‡√’¬°«à“ Counter ions °—∫ K + ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπ¢Õß “√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ߥ—πÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°
√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°Õ“√凧’¬®–‡ªìπÕ—µ√“ à«π
°—∫ª√‘¡“≥‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥ ¡¥ÿ≈¢Õß
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å°—∫¿“¬πÕ°
‡´≈≈å ‚¥¬æ∫«à“„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߇°≈◊Õ
ŸßÀ√◊Õ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“°ª°µ‘ Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡π‘¬¡‡æ‘Ë¡
ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß “√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ߥ—π
ÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å ‚¥¬π”‡¢â“
¡“®“°Õ“À“√∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¥â“ππÕ°‡´≈≈å¡“°°«à“ —߇§√“–Àå
¢÷Èπ¡“„À¡à (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3.3) “√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ß
¥—πÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å¢Õß
‡Õ“√凧’¬·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ 3 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ 1) “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë¡’
ª√–®ÿ≈∫·≈–∫«° (zwitterionic Solutes) ‡àπ ‡∫∑“Õ’π
Õ‘§‚∑Õ’π ·≈–‰Œ¥√Õ°´’Õ‘§‚∑Õ’π (hydroxyectoine)
2) “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˉ¡à¡’ª√–®ÿ(noncharged solutes) ‡àπ
∑’Œ“‚≈ ·≈– ‡Õπ-Õ–´‘∑‘≈°≈Ÿµ“¡‘π‘≈°≈Ÿµ“‡¡µ ‡Õ‰¡¥å
(acetylglutaminylglutamine amide) 3) “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å
∑’Ë¡’ª√–®ÿ ÿ∑∏‘‡ªìπ≈∫ (anionic solutes) ∑’Ë¡’À¡Ÿà
carboxylic phosphate À√◊Õ sulfate ‡àπ ·Õ≈-·Õ≈ø“-
°≈Ÿµ“‡¡µ (L-α-glutamate) ·≈– ´—≈‚ø∑’Œ“‚≈ µ—«Õ¬à“ß
°“√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß “√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ߥ—π
ÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈凡◊ËÕÕ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡‡®√‘≠„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ ‚¥¬‡√‘Ë¡µâπ®“°
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®–‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ
·≈–µ“¡¥â«¬°“√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß L-(-glutamate (G-)
¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å®π ¡¥ÿ≈°—∫ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡
‰ÕÕÕπ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3.4) ‚¥¬æ∫«à“„πà«ß∑’Ë¡’°“√ª√—∫ ¡¥ÿ≈
®–‰¡à¡’°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ ®π
°√–∑—Ë߇¢â“ Ÿà ¿“«– ¡¥ÿ≈Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®–‡®√‘≠
‡µ‘∫‚µÕ¬à“ߪ°µ‘„π ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ·≈–Õ“®¡’
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå “√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈·√ߥ—π
ÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬
π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ (N) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3.5) “√∑’Ë∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“ ¡¥ÿ≈
·√ߥ—πÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°√–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å¢Õß
Õ“√凧’¬ “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„≥â„π°“√º≈‘µ¬“

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 41
(pharmaceutical formulations) °“√‡æ‘Ë¡§«“¡‡ ∂’¬√
¢Õß«—§´’π (vaccine stabilizers) ‡§√◊ËÕß ”Õ“ß
(cosmetics) º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∂πÕ¡º‘« ·≈–ªÑÕß°—πº‘« (Skin
treatment and protection) (Muller et al., 2005;
Martin et al., 1999)
3. √â“߇Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë· ¥ß°‘®°√√¡‰¥â„π
¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ (Halophilic enzymes)
¿“¬„µâ ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊ÕÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
√â“ß‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë “¡“√∂· ¥ß°‘®°√√¡‰¥â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’
‡°≈◊Õ “‡Àµÿ¡“°®“°‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥
Õ–¡‘‚π∑’Ë¡’À¡Ÿàøíß°å—π‡ªìπ≈∫ (acidic amino acids) ‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 25 ¢Õß°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ (Õ—µ√“ à«π
1: 4) ‚¥¬ª°µ‘®–æ∫ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 16 (Õ—µ√“ à«π
1:6) ·≈–≈¥ª√‘¡“≥°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π∑’Ë¡’À¡Ÿàøíß°å—π‡ªìπ∫«°
(basic amino acids) ·≈–À¡Ÿàøíß°å—π‡ªìπÕ–‚√¡“µ‘°
‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—π°“√µ°µ–°Õπ ‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ª√‘¡“≥
‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å Ÿß ‡√’¬°«à“ Saltingout
effect ‚¥¬ª√–®ÿ≈∫¢Õß°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π®–‡°‘¥æ—π∏–
‰ÕÕÕπ‘°°—∫‚æ·∑ ‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥·√ߺ≈—°
√–À«à“ߪ√–®ÿ≈∫ (repulsive interaction) ∑”„Àâ‡Õπ‰´¡å
Õ∫‡§Á¡¡’‚§√ß√Ÿª∑’ˇÀ¡“– (folding) ·≈–¡’§«“¡‡ ∂’¬√
(Stability) (Madern et al., 2000: Izotova et al., 1983)
µ—«Õ¬à“߇Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡ ‡àπ ‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õπ‚¥‡ªªµ‘‡¥
S9 (endopeptidase S9) ∑’˺≈‘µ®“°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
Halobacterium halobium S9 “¡“√∂· ¥ß°‘®°√√¡
¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‡§´’π‰¥â∑—Èß ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ·≈–‰¡à¡’‡°≈◊Õ
·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√µ—¥‡ªª‰∑¥å∑’Ë≈—°…≥–
‡ªìπ X 1
-Pro-X 3
-X 4
À¡“¬∂÷ß Proline Õ¬Ÿàµ”·Àπàß∑’Ë 2
®“°ª≈“¬ ÿ¥ ·≈–°√¥Õ–¡‘‚πµ”·Àπàß X 1
§◊Õ
øïπ‘≈Õ–≈“π’π (penylalanine, Phe), ≈‘«´’π (leucine,
Leu) ·≈– Õ–≈“π’π (alanine, Ala) ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢â“ß
µâπ ‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õπ‚¥‡ªªµ‘‡¥ S9 πà“®– “¡“√∂
૬·°âªí≠À“¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥√ ¢¡¢Õß‚ª√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬
‚¥¬‚ª√µ’π¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬º≈‘µ‚¥¬¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ β-casein
¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å∑√‘ª´‘π ∑”„À≥≌‚¥√‚ø∫‘° ‡ªª‰∑¥å
(hydrophobic peptide) ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë¡’√ ¢¡
‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’ ‚æ√≈’π (proline, Pro) Õ¬Ÿà„π‡ªª‰∑¥å
À≈—ß®“°‡µ‘¡‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õπ‚¥‡ªªµ‘‡¥ S9 ≈߉ª„π
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë¡’√ ¢¡¢â“ßµâπ æ∫«à“‡Õπ‰´¡å “¡“√∂µ—¥
æ—π∏–‡Õ‰¡¥å√–À«à“ß X 1
-Pro ‰¥â∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ ∑”„À≥⇪ìπ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ªª‰∑¥å “¬ —Èπ≈ß∑’ˉ¡à¡’‚æ√≈’π‡ªìπ
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ ¥—ßπ—Èπ‡Õπ‰´¡å‡Õπ‚¥‡ªªµ‘‡¥ S9 ¡’
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√≈¥§«“¡¢¡¢Õß‚ª√µ’π¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬
´÷Ëß‚ª√µ’π¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬∑’ˉ¡à¡’√ ¢¡‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕß°“√ ”À√—∫
º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡ √‘¡·≈–º≈‘µ¿—≥±å¬“ (Capiralla
et al., 2002) µ—«Õ¬à“߇Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë¡’
°“√»÷°…“ §◊Õ ‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ–‰¡‡≈ ®“° Haloarcula
hispanica (Hutcheon et al., 2005) ‡Õπ‚¥-‰´≈“·π
(endo-xylanase) ·≈– ‰´‚≈ ‘‡¥ (xylosidase) ®“°
Halorhabdus utahensis (WainØ ´ et al., 2003) ·≈–
‡Õπ‰´¡å‰≈‡ª ®“° Natronococcus (Boutaiba et al.,
2006) °≈à“«‰¥â«à“‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂𔉪
ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â°√–∫«π°“√∑“߇∑§‚π‚≈¬’’«¿“æ∑’Ë
®”‡ªìπµâÕß„â‡Õπ‰´¡å„π°“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ “√‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
„À≠à„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ·≈–‰¡à¡’‡°≈◊Õ ‡àπ °”®—¥
§«“¡¢¡¢Õß‚ª√µ’π¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ𔂪√µ’π¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬
∑’ˉ¡à¡’√ ¢¡‰ª„⇪ìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√‡ √‘¡ √«¡∑—Èß
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å¬“
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßøï‚π‰∑ªá
(Phentypic characteristics)
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßøï‚π‰∑ªá¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡„âÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 20-25 ‡àπ JCM. no.
168 (20% NaCl) ·≈– JCM. no. 169 (25% NaCl)
´÷Ëß¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¥—ßπ’È §◊Õ 100-250 °√—¡¢Õß NaCl, 5
°√—¡¢Õß casamino acid, 5 °√—¡¢Õß yeast extract, 1
°√—¡¢Õß glutamic acid; 2 °√—¡¢Õß KCl, 3 °√—¡¢Õß
trisodium citrate, 20 °√—¡¢Õß MgSO 4
.7H 2
0, 36
¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡¢Õß FeCl 2
.4H 2
0 À√◊Õ FeSO 4
.4H 2
0, 0.0036
¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡¢Õß MnCl 2
.4H 2
0 À√◊Õ MnSO 4
, 20 °√—¡¢Õß
agar (Namwong et al., 2007; Namwong et al., inpress)
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘’«‡§¡’·√°∑’Ë®”‡ªìπµâÕß»÷°…“ ”À√—∫

42 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 · ¥ß°“√ª√—∫µ—«¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ (∑’Ë¡“: Martin et al., 1999)
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ §◊Õ à«ß¢Õ߇°≈◊Õ∑’Ë “¡“√∂‡µ‘∫‚µ
(√âÕ¬≈– 15-30) §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘’«‡§¡’∑’Ë Õß §◊Õ §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
¢Õ߇°≈◊Õ∑’Ë∑”„ÀâÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ (√âÕ¬≈–
20-25) ”À√—∫§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘’«‡§¡’Õ◊ËπÊ §◊Õ √Ÿª√à“ß Õ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡¡’√Ÿª√à“ßÀ≈“°À≈“¬π‘¥ ‡àπ °≈¡ (coccus)
·∑àß (rods) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4.a) “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡ (triangles) ’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡
(squars) ·≈–√Ÿª√à“߉¡à·πàπÕπ (pleomorphic forms)
’‚§‚≈π’¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¡’À≈“¬‡©¥ ’µ—Èß·µà â¡®π∂÷ß
’·¥ß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’ˇ´≈≈å
‡¡¡‡∫√π ‚¥¬ª√‘¡“≥·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å Ÿß®–∑”„À₧‚≈π’¡’
’·¥ß â¡ ∂â“¡’ª√‘¡“≥·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥åπâÕ¬ ’‚§‚≈π’®–‡ªìπ
’ â¡ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®–‡®√‘≠‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥∑’Ë
æ’‡Õ 6.0-8.0 (à«ß摇Õ∑’ˇ®√‘≠‰¥â §◊Õ æ’‡Õ 5.0-10.0)
·µà¡’Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡Õ’° 4 °ÿ≈ ∑’ˇ®√‘≠‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥∑’Ë
æ’‡Õ‡ªìπ¥à“ß §◊Õ °ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’◊ËÕ¢÷Èπµâπ¥â«¬ Natro ´÷Ëß¡“
®“°¿“…“≈–µ‘π«à“ Natrun ·ª≈«à“ Soda (sodium
carbonate); Natronococcus, Natronomonas,
Natrobacterium ·≈– Natronorubrum Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
®—¥‡ªìπ Chemoorganotrophic ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫
‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂„⧓√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ·≈–°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π‡ªìπ·À≈àß

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 43
æ≈—ßß“π·≈– “¡“√∂À¡—°πÈ”µ“≈∫“ßπ‘¥®π∑”„À≥â
°√¥ ·≈– à«π„À≠àµâÕß°“√ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ”À√—∫°“√
‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ (aerobe) ∫“ß°≈ÿà¡ “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â„π
¿“«–∑’ˉ¡à¡’ÕÕ°´‘‡®π ·µà„â‰π‡µ√µ À√◊Õ Õ“√宑π’π
‡ªìπµ—«√—∫Õ‘‡≈§µ√ÕÕπ ‡àπ °ÿ≈ Halobacterium
‡ªìπµâπ (Grant et al., 1990; Oren, 2006)
„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ¡“°‡°‘𧫓¡
µâÕß°“√ ·µà “√Õ“À“√Õ◊Ëπ¡’ª√‘¡“≥®”°—¥ Õ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡®–‡ª≈’ˬπ “√Õ“À“√∑’ˇªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ
‰ª‡ªìπ‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ (PHA) ‡àπ
‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’∫‘«∑‘‡√µ [Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)]
´÷Ëß∂Ÿ° √â“ß„π‚ª√§“√‘‚Õµ‡àπ°—π (√Ÿª∑’Ë 4a) PHA
‡ªìπ·À≈àß – ¡æ≈—ßß“π ·≈–∂Ÿ°π”¡“„â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë
¢“¥·§≈πÕ“À“√ ‚¥¬Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®– √â“߇Õπ‰´¡å
æ‘‡Õ‡Õ ¥’‚æ≈’‡¡Õ‡√ (PHA depolymerase) ‡æ◊ËÕ¬àÕ¬
≈“¬æ—π∏–‡Õ ‡∑Õ√å¿“¬„π‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß PHA ®π‰¥â
‡ªìπÀπàÕ¬¬àÕ¬¢Õß‚æ≈’‡¡Õ√å ®“°§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’Ë∂Ÿ°¬àÕ¬
≈“¬‰¥â„π∏√√¡“µ‘ ®÷ß¡’°“√π” PHA ‡àπ PHB ‰ª
º≈‘µ‡ªìπæ≈“ µ‘°¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â ·≈–Õÿª°√≥å∑“ß°“√
·æ∑¬å ·µàæ∫«à“ PHB ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ª√“– ·µ°ßà“¬ ·≈–
‰¡à¡’§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“‡æ◊ËÕ§âπÀ“
®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë “¡“√∂º≈‘µ PHA ∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑’Ë¥’‡¥‘¡ „π
ªï 1992 Rodriguez-Valera and Lillo »÷°…“°“√º≈‘µ
PHA ®“° Haloferax. mediterranei æ∫«à“ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ
PHA ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 60 ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°‡´≈≈å·Àâß À√◊Õ
πâÕ¬°«à“ 6 °√—¡/≈‘µ√ ‡¡◊ËՇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߷∫∫§√—Èߧ√“« (batch
culture) „πÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ‡ªìππÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§
À√◊Õ ·ªÑß √«¡∑—Èß¡’ª√‘¡“≥øÕ ‡øµµË” ‚§√ß √â“ß
¢Õß PHA ∑’ˉ¥â ¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªìπ co-polymer ‡√’¬°«à“
poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (3HBco-3HV)
æ∫«à“ 3HB-co-3HV ¡’§«“¡·¢Áß ‡À𒬫 ¡’
§«“¡¬◊¥À¬ÿàπ ·≈– ¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«µË” ´÷Ë߇ªìπ∑’Ë
µâÕß°“√¢Õß∑âÕßµ≈“¥¡“°°«à“ PHB (Don et al., 2006;
Chen et al., 2006) ∂÷ß·¡â«à“ PHA “¡“√∂𔉪
º≈‘µ‡ªìπæ≈“ µ‘°„â∑¥·∑πæ≈“ µ‘°∑’˺≈‘µ®“°
ªî‚µ√‡≈’¬¡ ·µà°“√„âæ≈“ µ‘°¥—ß°≈à“«¬—߉¡à·æ√àÀ≈“¬
‡π◊ËÕß®“°√“§“µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß ‚¥¬æ∫«à“
§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËߢÕßµâπ∑ÿπ¡“®“°§à“„â®à“¬„π°“√®—¥´◊ÈÕ
·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ (Choi and Lee, 1997) ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’
°“√»÷°…“°“√≈¥µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ PHA ®“° Hfx.
mediterranei ‚¥¬‡≈◊Õ°„â·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ∑’Ë¡’√“§“∂Ÿ°
‡àπ ·ªÑߢ⓫‚æ¥ √”¢â“« ·≈–πÈ”µ“≈®“°À“ßπ¡ (whey
sugar ‡ªìππÈ”µ“≈º ¡√–À«à“ß°“·≈§‚µ ·≈–°≈Ÿ‚§
‚¥¬π”À“ßπ¡´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ®“°°√–∫«π°“√
º≈‘µ’ µå‰ª¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å β-galactosidase)
‡ªìπ·À≈àߧ“√å∫Õπ À≈—ß ‘Èπ ÿ¥°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß ∑”°“√·¬°
PHA ÕÕ°®“° “√Õ◊ËπÊ‚¥¬„â°“√À¡ÿπ‡À«’ˬß∑’˧«“¡
‡√Á«√Õ∫µË”‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„À⇴≈≈å∑’Ë¡’°“√ – ¡¢Õß PHA
(√Ÿª 4a) µ°µ–°Õπ·≈–≈â“ßµ–°Õπ¥â«¬πÈ”°≈—Ëπ‡æ◊ËÕ
∑”„À⇴≈≈å·µ° ·≈–≈â“ߥ⫬πȔՒ°‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥‡»…‡´≈≈å
‚¥¬æ∫«à“°“√„âπÈ”µ“≈®“°À“ßπ¡®–
∑”„Àâ Hfx. Mediterranei “¡“√∂º≈‘µ Poly
(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-6%-3-Hydroxyvalerate) (3HBco-6%-3HV)
‰¥â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 72.8 (0.09
g -1 L -1 h -1 ) ´÷Ëß¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«∑’Ë 150 ·≈– 160 Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈–æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕ∑”°“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߷∫∫°÷ËßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß
(fed-batch culture) ‚¥¬°“√‡µ‘¡πÈ”µ“≈®“°À“ßπ¡
‰Œ¥√Õ°´’«“‡≈Õ‡√µ (hydroxyvalerate) ·≈– ‰Œ¥√Õ°
´’ ∫‘«∑‘‡√µ (hydroxybutyrate) ∑”„À≥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ªìπ
Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-21.8%-3-Hydroxyvalerateco-5.1%-3-Hydroxybutyrate)
(3-HB-co-21.8%-3-HVco-5.1%-3-HB)
¡“°∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 85 (0.14 g -1 L -1 h -1 ) ·≈–
3-HB-co-21.8%-3-HV-co-5.1%-3-HB ¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«
(140 ·≈– 150 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ) ´÷Ëߵ˔°«à“ 3HB-co-
6%-3HV ∂÷ß 10 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (Koller et al., 2007)
®—¥‡ªìπ·π«‚πâ¡∑’Ë¥’ ”À√—∫°“√π”‚æ≈’‡¡Õ√å¢â“ßµâπ‰ª
º≈‘µ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’®ÿ¥À≈Õ¡‡À≈«µË”∑”„Àâ
“¡“√∂≈¥°“√„âæ≈—ßß“π„π°“√À≈Õ¡ PHA °àÕπ
°“√𔉪º≈‘µ‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˬàÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥âµ“¡
∏√√¡“µ‘
®“°°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß’«‡§¡’∑”„Àâ∑√“∫
«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë “¡“√∂

44 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
· ¥ß°‘®°√√¡‰¥â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ ‡àπ ‡Õπ‰´¡å
Õ–‰¡‡≈ ‡Õπ‰´¡å‚ª√µ‘‡Õ ·≈– ‡Õπ‰´¡å‰≈‡ª
√«¡∑—Èß¡’°“√ √â“ß‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈§“‚π‡Õµ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
·∫§∑’‡√’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ Ÿß®—¥‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ëπà“ π„®
”À√—∫„⇪ìπºŸâº≈‘µ‡Õπ‰´¡å ·≈–‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈
§“‚π‡Õµ‡π◊ËÕß®“° “¡“√∂º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë¡’ª√–‚¬πå
À≈“¬π‘¥√«¡∑—È߇®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊ÕÕ¬à“ß
πâÕ¬√âÕ¬≈– 15 · ¥ß„Àâ∑√“∫«à“°“√‡æ“–‡≈’ȬßÕ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡®–‰¡à‡°‘¥ªí≠À“°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ°“√‡®√‘≠¢Õß
‡◊ÈÕÕ◊ËπÊ ‡¡◊ËՇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߄πÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ·≈–‡¡◊ËÕ
µâÕß°“√¢¬“¬°“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߰Á “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬ßà“¬
·≈–„âµâπ∑ÿπ∑’˵˔‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡àµâÕß„â√–∫∫ª≈Õ¥‡◊ÈÕ
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡°“√π”Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡‰ª„âª√–‚¬πå
¬—ßµâÕߧ”π÷ß∂÷ß°“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈‘µ¿—≥±å´÷Ë߇ªìπ à«π
∑’Ë„â§à“„â®à“¬ Ÿß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë ≈—∫´—∫´âÕπ
®÷ß¡’°“√»÷°…“Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇´≈≈å¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡ ‡√’¬°«à“ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’
(Chemotaxonomic characteristics) ´÷Ëß°“√∑√“∫
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇´≈≈åÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂
‡≈◊Õ°„â«‘∏’∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√π”º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕÕ°®“°
‡´≈≈å‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕ߄⇧√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë¡’√“§“·æß·≈–·≈–¡’
¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’ˉ¡à¬ÿà߬“°
(a)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 √Ÿª√à“ߢÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ (a) Halobacterium salinarum ‚¥¬°≈âÕß Scaning Electron Microscope
·≈– (b) Haloferax mediterranei ‚¥¬°≈âÕß Transmission Electron microscopy π’È · ¥ß
polyhydroxyalkanoate granule ¢Õß (∑’Ë¡“: Oren, 2006)
(b)
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’
(Chemtotaxonomic characteristics)
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õߺπ—߇´≈≈å
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡√Ÿª√à“ß·∑àß “¡‡À≈’ˬ¡
’ˇÀ≈’ˬ¡ ·≈– √Ÿª√à“߉¡à·πàπÕπ ¡’ºπ—߇´≈≈å∑’Ë∫“ß
¡“°‡√’¬°«à“ Surface-layer cell wall (S-layer) (√Ÿª 5.a)
‚¥¬ S-layer ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‰°≈‚§‚ª√µ’π (glycoprotein)
ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 40-50 ·≈–‚ª√µ’πª√–¡“≥
√âÕ¬≈– 15-20 µ—«Õ¬à“߇àπ S-layer ¢Õß Halobacterium
salinarum ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬‰°≈‚§‚ª√µ’π¢π“¥ 120
°‘‚≈¥“≈µ—π ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬‚ª√µ’π (87 °‘‚≈¥—≈µ—π)
´÷Ëß¡’°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π∑’Ë¡’À¡Ÿàøíß°å—π‡ªìπ≈∫‡ªìπ à«π„À≠à
·≈–‚æ≈’‡¡Õ√å¢ÕßπÈ”µ“≈´÷Ëß¡’ side chain ‡ªìπª√–®ÿ
≈∫ (acidic saccharaide chains) ‡àπ acidic
glycosaminoglycan ‚¥¬∑ÿ°Ê 10-15 ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈πÈ”µ“≈
®–¡’ 2 À¡Ÿà´—≈‡øµ (SO 4
2-
) ‡°“–Õ¬Ÿà √«¡∑—Èßæ∫ O-linked
glucosyl-(α-1→(2)-galactoside disaccharide units ´÷Ëß
‡ªìππÈ”µ“≈´÷Ëß¡’ side chain ‡ªìπª√–®ÿ≈∫ (neutral
saccharaide chains) (Lechner and Wieland, 1989)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 45
®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß S-layer cell wall
· ¥ß„Àâ∑√“∫«à“ S-layer ¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
¡’ª√‘¡“≥°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π∑’Ë¡’À¡Ÿàøíß°å—π‡ªìπ≈∫ª√‘¡“≥¡“°
¥—ßπ—Èπ‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ Ÿß‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß
‚ª√µ’π®–Õ¬Ÿà„π‚§√ß√Ÿª∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ‰¡à‡°‘¥°“√º≈—°
°—π√–À«à“ߪ√–®ÿ≈∫∑’Ë¡’¡“° (repulsive interaction)
‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’ª√–®ÿ∫«°Àπ÷ËߢÕß‚´‡¥’¬¡‰ÕÕπ (Na + ) ·≈–
ª√–®ÿ Õß∫«°¢Õß·¡°π’‡´’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ (Mg 2+ ) ‡¢â“‰ª
‡°‘¥æ—π∏–‰ÕÕÕππ‘° ‡√’¬°ª√“°Ø°“√≥åπ’È«à“ Shielding
of negative charge by cation ·µà‡¡◊ËÕÕ¬Ÿà ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ
µË” ®–‡°‘¥°“√º≈—°°“√√–À«à“ߪ√–®ÿ≈∫‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰¡à¡’
ª√–®ÿ∫«°¢Õß‚´‡¥’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ‰ª‡°‘¥æ—π∏–‰ÕÕÕπ‘°
°—∫À¡Ÿàøíß°å—π‡ªìπ≈∫¢Õß°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π∑’˺π—߇´≈≈å ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπªí®®—¬À≈—°∑’Ë∑”„À₧√ß √â“ߢÕß‚ª√µ’π‰¡àÕ¬Ÿà„π
‚§√ß√Ÿª∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ (unfolding) ·≈–‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡ ∂’¬√
(destabilization) ∑”„À₧√ß √â“ߢÕߺπ—߇´≈≈剡à
·¢Áß·√ß ®÷ß∑”„Àâ‰¡à “√∂∑πµàÕ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
§«“¡¥—πÕÕ ‚¡µ‘°¿“¬‡´≈≈å ∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√ª√—∫ ¡¥ÿ≈
(osmotic balance) √–À«à“ß¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ° ∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥°“√‰À≈¢ÕßπÈ”‡¢â“ Ÿà‡´≈≈å¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈åµ≈Õ¥‡«≈“
àߺ≈„Àâ„À⇴≈≈å§àÕ¬Ê ‡ª≈’ˬπ√Ÿª√à“ß®“°·∑à߉ª‡ªìπ
°≈¡ ·≈–·µ°ÕÕ°„π∑’Ë ÿ¥
(a)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 · ¥ß Transmission Electron micrographs of Halococcus salifodinae (a) and Halobacterium
salinarum (b) (∑’Ë¡“: Oren, 2006)
(b)
®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë 5a · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ«à“ºπ—߇´≈≈å¢Õß
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∑’Ë¡’√Ÿª√à“ß°≈¡ ‰¡à¡’‚ª√µ’π‡ªìπ
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫·≈–¡’§«“¡Àπ“¡“°°«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
√Ÿª√à“߉¡à°≈¡ ‡àπ ºπ—߇´≈≈å¢Õß Halococcus ‡√’¬°
«à“ Thick sulfated heteropolysaccharide cell wall
´÷ËßÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ºπ—߇´≈≈å®–§≈⓬°—∫ Murein
¢Õß·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‡√’¬°«à“ Pseudomurein à«π∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß
§◊Õ ®–æ∫ Gal =galactose; GalNAc =
N-cetylgalactosamine; Glc = glucose, Gly = glycine;
GulNUA = N acetylgulosaminuronic acid; Man =
mannose; UA = uronic ”À√—∫ °ÿ≈ Natronococcus
®–¡’ºπ—߇´≈≈å∑’ËÀπ“‡àπ°—π·µà¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫·µ°µà“ß
®“° °ÿ≈ Halococcus ‚¥¬¡’‚¡‚π‡¡Õ√凪ìπ poly
(L-glutamine) glycoconjugate ¥—ßπ—Èπºπ—߇´≈≈套߰≈à“«
‰¡à¡’‚ª√µ’π‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ ·≈–¡’§«“¡Àπ“ ®÷ß∑”
Àπâ“∑’Ë√—°…“√Ÿª√à“ß∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ߢÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡√Ÿª√à“ß
°≈¡ ‰¡à«à“®–Õ¬Ÿà„π ¿“«–∑’ˇªìπ Hypotonic À√◊Õ
Hypertonic (Schleifer et al., 1982) ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡∑’Ë “¡“√∂º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑“ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡¡’
√Ÿª√à“ß·∑àß (Halobacterium) ·≈–√Ÿª√à“߉¡à·πàπÕπ

46 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
(Haloferax) ´÷Ëß¡’ S-layer ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õߺπ—ß
‡´≈≈å ∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂ °—¥º≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕÕ°®“°‡´≈≈剥â
¿“¬„π 1 ¢—ÈπµÕπ ‚¥¬°“√π”‡´≈≈å≈–≈“¬„ππÈ” À√◊Õ
∫—ø‡øÕ√å ‡´≈≈å®–·µ° ∑”„À≥⠓√≈–≈“¬º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë
®–𔉪∑”„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϵàÕ‰ª ‡àπ °“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ« PHA
®“°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ Haloferax. mediterranei „â°“√
À¡ÿπ‡À«’ˬ߇æ◊ËÕ·¬°‡´≈≈åÕÕ°®“°πÈ”À¡—° π”‡´≈≈å
≈–≈“¬„ππÈ”‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇴≈≈å·µ° ·≈–≈â“ßµ–°Õπ¥â«¬πÈ”
‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥‡»…‡´≈≈å
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õ߇´≈≈凡¡‡∫√π
‡´≈≈凡¡‡∫√πª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬ Õß à«π∑’Ë
”§—≠ §◊Õ ‰¢¡—π ·≈–‚ª√µ’π ‚¥¬‰¢¡—π·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ
2 π‘¥ §◊Õ ‚æ≈“√å≈‘ªî¥ [Polar lipids, (√âÕ¬≈– 90)]
·≈– π‘«∑√—≈ ≈‘ªî¥ [Neutral lipids, (√âÕ¬≈– 10)] ´÷Ëß
‚æ≈“√å≈‘ªî¥ À√◊Õ ‡√’¬°«à“ glycerol diether lipids ¢Õß
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡ª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬°≈’‡´Õ√Õ≈ (glycerol)
·≈– “¬‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ [Hydrocarbon chain §◊Õ
2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol (C 20
,C 20
) ·≈–
2-O-sesterterpanyl-3-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol
(C 25
,C 20
)] ∑—Èß Õß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡◊ËÕ¡µàÕ°—π¥â«¬æ—π∏–Õ’‡∏Õ√å
(Ether bond) ‚¥¬‚æ≈“√å ≈‘ªî¥ ·∫à߇ªìπ 3 °≈ÿà¡ §◊Õ
øÕ ‚æ≈‘ªî¥ [Phospholipids] æ∫„πÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
∑ÿ°π‘¥ §◊Õ phosphatidyl glycerol (PG) ·≈–
phosphatidyl glycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-
Me)], ‰°≈‚§≈‘ªî¥ (glycolipids) ·≈– ´—≈‚ø≈‘ªî¥
(Sulfolipid) ¡’°“√√“¬ß“π°“√π” glycerol diether lipids
‰ª„â ”À√—∫ “√∑’ˇµ‘¡„πÕ“À“√‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥ª√‘¡“≥·§≈Õ√’Ë
„πÕ“À“√ (non-caloric fat substitute) (Kamekura and
Kates,1988)
”À√—∫π‘«∑√—≈ ≈‘ªî¥ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
‰Œ‚¥√§“√å∫Õπ‡∑à“π—Èπ ‡àπ C 20
isoprenoid lipids,
Neutral phytanyl ethers of glycerol, C 30
isoprenoid
lipids (°≈ÿà¡¢Õß squalene ·≈– Õπÿæ—π∏å) ·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å
§«‘‚ππ (quinones) ·≈– Retinal pigments ”À√—∫
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å ¡’º≈µàÕ ’¢Õß‚§‚≈π’Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
‡¡◊ËÕ¡’ª√‘¡“≥·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å Ÿß®–∑”„À₧‚≈π’¡’ ’·¥ß â¡
·≈–·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å¡’Àπâ“∑’˪ÑÕß°—πÕ—πµ√“¬„Àâ°—∫
‡´≈≈宓°√—ß ’¬Ÿ«’ ‚¥¬·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’Ëæ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ√Ÿ‡∫Õ√‘π (bacterioruberin) ª√‘¡“≥√âÕ¬≈–
60 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß
æ∫·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’Ë¡’§“√å∫Õπ 40 Õ–µÕ¡ ‡àπ
hydroxyechinenone ∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π (√Ÿª∑’Ë 6.a)
·≈– ·§π∏“·´π∏‘π (canthaxanthin) (√Ÿª∑’Ë 6.b)
”À√—∫ ∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„â„π¥â“π°“√·æ∑¬å·≈–Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
¡’ƒ∑∏‘ϵâ“πÕÕ°´‘‡¥—π‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’ æ∫«à“
·Õ µ“·´π∑‘π¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï„°≈⇧’¬ßÀ√◊Õ¡“°°«à“«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’
‡√’¬°«à“ ´Ÿ‡ªÕ√å«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’ (super vitamin E) (Bramley,
2000) ·≈–„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√„â·§π∏“·´π∏‘π
‡ªìπ ’º ¡Õ“À“√ (food colorant) ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°
·§π∏“·´π∏‘π¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‰¡à∑”„À⺟â∫√‘‚¿§‡°‘¥Õ“°“√
·æâ‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫ ’ —ߺ ¡Õ“À“√ —߇§√“–Àå √«¡∑—Èß„â
‡ªìπ “√„Àâ ’ ”À√—∫°“√‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭߪ≈“·´≈¡Õπ ·≈–ªŸ
∑”„Àâ —µ«å¡’ ’ —π «¬ß“¡ (Asker and Ohta, 1999) ®÷ß
∑”„Àâ¡’°“√»÷°…“°“√º≈‘µ·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å®“°Õ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡‡æ◊ËÕ∑¥·∑π°“√º≈‘µ®“°¬’ µå ∑’˄⢗ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë
¬ÿà߬“°„π°“√∑”„À⇴≈≈å·µ°·≈–°“√ °—¥ “√ ’ÕÕ°
®“°‡´≈≈å ´÷Ëß àߺ≈µàÕµâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ·≈–√“§“¢Õß
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å (Calo et al., 1995)
Calo ·≈–§≥– (1995) »÷°…“À“ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å¿“¬„π‡´≈≈å¢Õß Halobacterium salinarum
æ∫·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 2400 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡/°√—¡¢Õß
πÈ”Àπ—°‡´≈≈å·Àâß ‚¥¬·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’Ëæ∫ª√‘¡“≥ Ÿß §◊Õ
hydroxyechinenone ª√‘¡“≥ 588 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡ (√âÕ¬≈–
24) ·≈– ∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘πª√‘¡“≥ 588
‰¡‚§√°√—¡ (√âÕ¬≈– 11) ‡¡◊ËՇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߄π∑’Ë¡’Õߧå
ª√–°Õ∫ yeast extract (10 °√—¡/≈‘µ√), casamino
acids (7.5 °√—¡/≈‘µ√); NaCI (250 °√—¡/≈‘µ√); MgSO,.
7H,O (40 °√—¡/≈‘µ√), KCl (2 °√—¡/≈‘µ√); trisodium
citrate (3 °√—¡/≈‘µ√) ·≈– trace element solution
ª√‘¡“≥ 10 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ”À√—∫ Haloferax alexandrinus

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 47
‡¡◊ËՇ擖‡≈’Ȭ߄πÕ“À“√¢â“ßµâπ “¡“√∂º≈‘µ
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å‰¥âª√‘¡“≥„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫ Hbt. salinarum
(2060 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡/°√—¡¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°‡´≈≈å·Àâß) ‚¥¬
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑’˺≈‘µ‰¥â Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ·§π∏“·´π∏‘π
ª√‘¡“≥ 700 ‰¡‚§√°√—¡ (√âÕ¬≈– 34 ¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å∑—ÈßÀ¡¥) ·µà‰¡àæ∫°“√º≈‘µ∑√“π å-
·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π (Asker et al., 2002) °“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬„âπÈ”¡—πæ◊ °—¥
·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å ‡àπ πÈ”¡—π¥Õ°∑“πµ–«—π ‚¥¬‰¡àµâÕß
„â “√≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å ‡àπ hexane À√◊Õ acetone ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ “√‡§¡’∑’ËÕ—πµ√“¬µàÕ ÿ¢¿“æ¢Õß∑—Èߧπ·≈– —µ«å
„π°≈ÿà¡¢Õß Retinal pigments ·∫àß 3 π‘¥
§◊Õ ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π æ∫„πÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∫“ß
π‘¥ (Halobacterium salinarum, Hbt. halobium,
Haloarcular japonica and Halorubrum spp.) (√Ÿª∑’Ë
6.c) Œ“‚√¥Õª´‘π (halorhodopsin) ·≈– ‚√¥Õª´‘π
(Rhodopsins) æ∫„πÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∑ÿ°π‘¥ ‚¥¬∑’Ë
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π®—¥‡ªìπ‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë∑–≈ÿºà“π‡´≈≈å
‡¡¡‡∫√π (integral membrance protein) “¡“√∂¥Ÿ¥
°≈◊πæ≈—ßß“π®“°· ß∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 570 π“‚π‡¡µ√
‰¥â¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈–„âæ≈—ßß“π¥—ß°≈à“« ”À√—∫º≈—°‚æ√∑Õπ
ÕÕ°πÕ°‡´≈≈å (proton pump) ®π‡°‘¥§«“¡·µ°µà“ß
¢Õߪ√–¡“≥‚æ√∑Õπ¿“¬„π°—∫¿“¬πÕ°‡´≈≈å (proton
gradient) ∑”„Àâ¡’°“√‰À≈°≈—∫¢Õß‚æ√∑Õπ∫√‘‡«≥ Na + /
H + antiporter ·≈– ATPase ‡¡◊ËÕ‚æ√∑Õπ‰À≈°≈—∫
∫√‘‡«≥ ATPase àߺ≈„À⇰‘¥°“√ √â“ß ATP ”À√—∫
„â„π°‘®°√√¡¢Õ߇´≈≈å√«¡∑—Èß°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¢Õ߇´≈≈å
(Lanyi, 1997) ”À√—∫‚√¥Õª´‘π ¡’ 2 π‘¥ §◊Õ
‚√¥Õª´‘π I (‰«µàÕ· ß ’‡¢’¬«) ·≈– ‚√¥Õª´‘π II
(‰«µàÕ· ß ’πÈ”‡ß‘π) ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ photoreceptor cell
”À√—∫°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À«¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¿“¬„µâ
Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß· ß (phototaxis) ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß∑”„ÀâÕ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡¬—ß “¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’Õ“À“√µË”
‡π◊ËÕß®“° “¡“√∂ √â“ß ATP ®“°æ≈—ßß“π¢Õß· ß
”À√—∫Œ“‚√‚√¥Õª´‘π®—¥‡ªìπ‚ª√µ’π∑’Ë∑–≈ÿºà“π‡´≈≈å
‡¡¡‡∫√π (integral membrance protein) ‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπ chloride pump
‚¥¬„âæ≈—ßß“π®“°· ߥ÷ß Cl - ‡¢â“‡´≈≈å ®“°°≈‰°≈°“√
ª√—∫ ¡¥ÿ≈¢Õ߉ÕÕÕππ‘¥µà“ßÊ ∑”„ÀâÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
“¡“√∂‡®√‘≠‰¥â„π ¿“«–∑’Ë¡’‡°≈◊Õ Ÿß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡°‘¥
¡¥ÿ≈√–À«à“ߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õ߉ÕÕÕπ¿“¬„π°—∫
¿“¬πÕ° (ionic balance) (Lanyi, 1990)
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π´÷Ëß¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ߥâ“π
· ß·≈–‡§¡’∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ “¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„≥â
Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß„π¥â“π¢ÕßÕÿª°√≥åÕ‘‡≈Á°‚∑√π‘§√–¥—∫
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈·≈–√–∫∫· ß„π§Õ¡æ‘«‡µÕ√å Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
¡’‡æ’¬ßÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡∫“ß “¬æ—π∏ÿå‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂
º≈‘µ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π ‡àπ Halobacterium
salinarum ´÷Ëߪ√‘¡“≥°“√º≈‘µ§àÕπ¢â“ߵ˔ àߺ≈„Àâ
√“§“·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß (1 mg ¢Õß
·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π º≈‘µ®“° Hbt. salinarum √“§“
25000 ∫“∑, Sigma) ®÷ß∑”„Àâ°“√«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡
ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√º≈‘µ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π „πªï 2008
Ghasemi ·≈–§≥– ª√– ∫§«“¡ ”‡√Á®„π°“√‡æ‘Ë¡
°“√º≈‘µ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π ‰¥â‡ªìπ 234.6 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/
≈‘µ√ (´÷Ë߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 3.49 ‡∑à“®“° Ÿµ√Õ“À“√¡“µ√∞“π)
‚¥¬„âÕ“À“√∑’Ë¡’Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¥—ßπ’È NaCl (250 g/L),
meat extract (10 g/L), casamino acids (3.75 g/L),
glycerol (10 g/L), corn steep powder (50 g/L),
Na 3
-citrate (1 g/L), KCl (6 g/L), FeSO47H2O
(0.2 g/L), MnSO 4
7H 2
O (0.2 g/L) ·≈– MgSO 4
7H 2
O
(10 g/L) ”À√—∫°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß Hbt. salinarum °“√∑’Ë
“¡“√∂‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥°“√º≈‘µ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ¥Õª´‘π∂◊Õ
‡ªìπ·π«‚πâ¡∑’Ë¥’∑’Ë®–∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√¢¬“¬µ—«¢Õß
Õÿµ “À°√√¡°“√º≈‘µ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ¥Õª´‘π ®“°Õ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡ ∂÷ß·¡â«à“ Ÿµ√Õ“À“√∑’Ë„â¢â“ßµâπ¡’°“√
ª√—∫ª√ÿß„â “√Õ“À“√∑’Ë√“§“∂Ÿ° corn steep powder
·µà¬—ߧ߄âÕ“À“√‡≈’Ȭ߇◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¡’√“§“·æßÀ≈“¬π‘¥
‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—∫°“√º≈‘µ ·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å §◊Õ Yeast extract,
Meat extract ·≈– Casamino acids

48 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 · ¥ß‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß (a) ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π, (b) ·§π∏“·´π∏‘π ·≈– (c) ·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π (∑’Ë¡“:
Oren, 2006)
√ÿª
®“°°“√»÷°…“Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π¢ÕßÕ“√凧’¬
Õ∫‡§Á¡ °“√ª√—∫µ—«„À⇢⓰—∫ ¿“«–·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë¡’
‡°≈◊Õ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ßøï‚π‰∑ªá·≈–§ÿ≥ ¡ ¡∫—µ‘
Õπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π‡§¡’ ∑”„Àâ∑√“∫«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡
“¡“√∂º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“∑“ßÕÿµ “À°√√¡
®”π«π 4 π‘¥ §◊Õ 1) ·§‚√∑’πÕ¬¥å ”À√—∫„â„π
Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√ ‡àπ ∑√“π å-·Õ µ“·´π∏‘π
·≈– ·§π∏“·´π∏‘π 2) ·∫§∑’√‘‚Õ‚√¥Õª´‘π ”À√—∫
𔉪„â„π¥â“πº≈‘µ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊ÕÕ‘‡≈§∑√Õπ‘° å
3) ‚æ≈’‰Œ¥√Õ°´’·Õ≈-§“‚π‡Õµ ”À√—∫„âº≈‘µ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˬàÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥âµ“¡∏√√¡“µ‘·≈–º≈‘µÕÿª°√≥å
∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å 4) ‡Õπ‰´¡åÕ∫‡§Á¡ ”À√—∫„â„π
Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√·≈–¬“ ‡àπ ‡Õπ‚¥‡ªªµ‘‡¥ S9
“¡“√∂°”®—¥§«“¡¢¡®“°‚ª√µ’π¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ πÕ°®“°
π’ÈÕ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¡’¢âÕ¥’∑’ˇÀ¡“–®–𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â
„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡ §◊Õ 1) ‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇擖‡≈’Ȭ߄π
¿“«–ª≈Õ¥‡◊ÈÕ 2) ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑”„À⇴≈≈å·µ°
‰¡à¬ÿà߬“° 3) °“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«º≈‘µ¿—≥±å “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â
‚¥¬ßà“¬
∂÷ß·¡â«à“Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®– “¡“√∂º≈‘µ¿—≥±å
‰¥âÀ≈“¬π‘¥ ·≈–¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√‡°Á∫‡°’ˬ«‰¡à¬ÿà߬“° ·µà
°“√º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±å®“°Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡¬—ߧߪ√– ∫
ªí≠À“µâπ∑ÿπ Ÿß ‡π◊ËÕß®“°·∫§∑’‡√’¬¥—ß°≈à“«µâÕß°“√
·À≈à߉π‚µ√‡®π ”À√—∫°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ„πª√‘¡“≥¡“°
®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß’«‡§¡’¢Õß· ¥ß«à“
Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡®—¥‡ªìπ Chemoorganotroph ´÷Ëß
“¡“√∂„Àâ·À≈à߉π‚µ√‡®π·≈–§“√å∫Õπ‰¥âÀ≈“¬π‘¥
¥—ßπ—Èπ à«π∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ∑‘Èß®“°Õÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√∑–‡≈
´÷Ëß¡’¡“°„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ·≈–¡’ “√Õ“À“√ª√–‡¿∑
‰π‚µ√‡®π‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ πà“®–‡ªìπÕ’°∑“߇≈◊Õ°
”À√—∫‡ªìπ·À≈à߉π‚µ√‡®π‡æ◊ËÕ∑¥·∑π Yeast extract,
Meat Extract ·≈– Casamino acids √«¡∑—Èß»÷°…“ ¿“«–
∑’Ë„â ”À√—∫°“√‡æ“–‡≈’È¬ß ‡àπ °“√°«π (agitation) ·≈–
°“√„ÀâÕ“°“» (aeration) ‡ªìπµâπ πà“®–∑”„Àâ‡æ‘Ë¡‚Õ°“
„π°“√π”Õ“√凧’¬Õ∫‡§Á¡‰ª„âª√–‚¬πå„πª√–‡∑»
‰∑¬„πÕ𓧵

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 49
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
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❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 52-70 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 52-70 (2011)
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Synthetic Bioplastics: Types, Synthesis and
Properties of Poly(lactic acid)s
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´÷Ëß¡’°“√„â°√¥·≈§µ‘° ·≈–·≈§‰∑¥å‡ªìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å ”À√—∫‡∑§π‘§æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ‚¥¬µ√ß·≈–
·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π µ“¡≈”¥—∫ PLAs ∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ Ÿß —߇§√“–À剥₥¬„â‡∑§π‘§æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥
«ß·À«π PLLA ·≈– PDLA ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å°÷Ëߺ≈÷° ¢≥–∑’Ë PDLLA ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√åÕ —≥∞“π ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈ °“√
≈–≈“¬„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢Õß PLAs ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈·≈–√–¥—∫§«“¡
‡ªìπº≈÷°¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‚¥¬°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ “¡“√∂·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ 2 ·∫∫ ‰¥â·°à
°“√ ≈“¬µ—«‚¥¬‰¡à„â‡Õπ‰´¡å ·≈–°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)s (PLAs) are synthetic biodegradable polymers for use as bioplastic applications.
They were divided into 3 types corresponded to lactic acid configurations (L-, D- and D,L-forms). They are
poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) and poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA). PLAs can be
synthesized by 2 methods, direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization. Lactic acid and lactide
are used as monomers for direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization, respectively. High
molecular weight PLAs can be obtained from the later method. PLLA and PDLA are semi-crystalline
1Àπ૬«‘®—¬æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ ¿“§«‘“‡§¡’ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¡À“ “√§“¡ 44150
* Corresponding Author, E-mail: msrisaard@gmail.com

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 53
polymers, whereas PDLLA is an amorphous polymer. Solubility in organic solvents and biodegradation rate
of PLAs strongly depended upon their molecular weight and degree of crystallinity. Biodegradation of PLA
can be divided into 2 types including non-enzyme degradation and enzyme degradation.
§” ”§—≠ : æ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å °“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ °“√ —߇§√“–Àå
Keywords : Bioplastics, Poly(lactic acid), Poly(lactide), Biodegradation, Synthesis
∫∑π”
‡π◊ËÕß®“°ªí≠À“¡≈¿“«–∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°¢¬–
æ≈“ µ‘°·≈–°“√≈¥ª√‘¡“≥≈ߢÕßπÈ”¡—π·≈–°ä“´
∏√√¡“µ‘„π∏√√¡“µ‘ ´÷Ë߇ªìπ«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫À≈—° ”§—≠∑’Ë„â
„π°“√º≈‘µæ≈“ µ‘°∑—Ë«‰ª∑’Ë„â„π’«‘µª√–®”«—πµà“ßÊ
®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡’§«“¡ π„®„π°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬·≈–æ—≤π“
æ≈“ µ‘°∑“ß’«¿“æ (bioplastics) ∑’˺≈‘µ‰¥â®“°
«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫∏√√¡“µ‘Õ◊Ëπ®“°·À≈àß∑’ˬ—Ë߬◊π (sustainable
resources) ´÷Ë߇ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß
’«¿“æ (biodegradable polymers) À¡“¬∂÷ß æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë
“¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√‰Œ‚¥√‰≈´’ À√◊Õ
°“√°√–∑”¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å ·≈–®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬åµà“ßÊ „π
√à“ß°“¬ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ À√◊Õ„π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ (Barrows, 1991)
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ “¡“√∂
·∫àßµ“¡·À≈àß°”‡π‘¥‰¥â‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∏√√¡“µ‘∑’Ë
“¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ (natural biodegradable
polymers) ‰¥â·°à ·ªÑß (starch) ·≈–‰ø‚∫√Õ‘π®“°‰À¡
(silk fibroin) ‡ªìπµâπ ·≈–æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å —ß‡§√“–Àå∑’Ë “¡“√∂
≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ (synthetic biodegradable
polymers) ‰¥â·°à æÕ≈‘‰°≈‚§≈‘§·Õ´‘¥ [poly(glycolic
acid)] æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ [poly(lactic acid)] ·≈–
æÕ≈‘‡Õª‰´≈Õπ-·§‚æ√·≈§‚∑π [poly(ε-caprolactone)]
‡ªìπµâπ ·¡â«à“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å —ß‡§√“–Àå∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«
‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ®–¡’√“§“·æß°«à“ ·µà°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ ·≈–
§«“¡ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ¢Õß ¡∫—µ‘ “¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡‰¥â¥’°«à“
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∏√√¡“µ‘∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ
„πà«ß 30 ªï∑’˺à“π¡“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ ¬—ß¡’√“§“§àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß à«π„À≠à®÷߉¥â¡’°“√«‘®—¬
æ—≤π“„π°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„âß“πæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‡ªìπ
Õÿª°√≥傧√߬÷¥—Ë«§√“« (temporary scaffolds) ∑“ß
°“√·æ∑¬å ‰¥â·°à ‰À¡‡¬Á∫·º≈π‘¥≈–≈“¬‰¥â À√◊Õ
‰À¡≈–≈“¬ (bioabsorbable sutures) ·≈– Õÿª°√≥å¬÷¥
°√–¥Ÿ° (bone fixation devices) ‡ªìπµâπ (Nair and
Laurencin, 2007) ·≈–∑“߇¿ —°√√¡ ‰¥â·°à √–∫∫
π” à߬“·∫∫§«∫§ÿ¡°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬ (controlled-release
drug delivery systems) ·≈– √–∫∫π” à߬“ Ÿà‡ªÑ“À¡“¬
(drug targeted delivery systems) ‡ªìπµâπ (Freiberg
and Zhu, 2004) ®ÿ¥ª√– ߧå„πæ—≤π“°“√„âß“π
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“懪ìπæ≈“ µ‘°
„âß“π∑—Ë«‰ª ‡àπ øî¡≈å ·≈–¢«¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥¡≈¿“«–®“°
¢¬–æ≈“ µ‘°∑’ˉ¡à ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ∑’˵âÕß¡’°“√
°”®—¥¥â«¬°“√‡º“ À√◊ÕΩíß°≈∫ ∑”„À⇰‘¥¡≈¿“«–µàÕ
‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡‰¥â æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‰¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„®
„π°“√«‘®—¬æ—≤𓇪ìπæ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’ ¡∫—µ‘
∑“ߧ«“¡√âÕπ∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√À≈Õ¡∑’Ë
„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫æÕ≈‘‡Õ∑‘≈’π ·≈–æÕ≈‘æ√Õæ‘≈’π ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë„âß“π∑—Ë«‰ª ®÷ß¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â„π°“√„â
‡∑§π‘§°√–∫«π°“√À≈Õ¡¢÷Èπ√Ÿª·∫∫µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë„â
¢÷Èπ√Ÿªº≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°¢ÕßæÕ≈‘‡Õ∑‘≈’π ·≈–
æÕ≈‘æ√Õæ‘≈’π ‰¥â·°à °√–∫«π°“√Õ—¥√’¥ (extrusion
process) °√–∫«π°“√©’¥ (injection process) ·≈–
°√–∫«π°“√‡ªÉ“ (blow molding process) ‡ªìπµâπ
‚¥¬„π∫∑§«“¡π’È®–‰¥â°≈à“«∂÷ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥µà“ßÊ ¢Õß
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‰¥â·°à π‘¥ °“√ —߇§√“–Àå ·≈–
¡∫—µ‘µà“ßÊ ‰¥â·°à ¡∫—µ‘∑“ߧ«“¡√âÕπ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√≈–≈“¬„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å
·≈–°“√¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬∑“ß’«¿“æ

54 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
π‘¥¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
°√¥·≈§µ‘° À√◊Õ ·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (lactic acid)
À√◊Õ 2-‰Œ¥√Õ°´‘≈ °√¥‚æ√æ“‚πÕ‘§ (2-hydroxy
propanoic acid) ‡ªìπ°√¥‰Œ¥√Õ°´’∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß √â“ß
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Õ–µÕ¡§“√å∫Õπ∑’Ë
‰¡à ¡¡“µ√ ∑”„Àâ°√¥·≈§µ‘°¡’‰Õ‚´‡¡Õ√å·∫∫ÕÕªµ‘
§Õ≈ ∑’˵à“ß°—π®”π«π 2 ‰Õ‚´‡¡Õ√å ‰¥â·°à °√¥·≈§µ‘°
π‘¥·Õ≈ (L-lactic acid) ·≈– °√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥¥’
(D-lactic acid) (Barrows, 1991) ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2
O
HO
H 3 C
H
OH
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ‚§√ß √â“ß∑“߇§¡’¢Õß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈°√¥·≈§µ‘° (∑’Ë¡“: Lunt, 1998)
O
O
HO
HO
H
CH 3
OH
H 3 C
H
OH
D - Lactic acid
L - Lactic acid
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ‰Õ‚´‡¡Õ√å¢Õß°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥¥’ ·≈–π‘¥·Õ≈ (∑’Ë¡“: Lunt, 1998)
°“√‡√’¬°◊ËÕæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√åπ‘¬¡„â◊ËÕ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å
„π«ß‡≈Á∫µàÕ∑⓬§”«à“æÕ≈‘ ‡àπ poly(lactic acid) ·µà
„π°“√‡¢’¬π¿“…“‰∑¬®–‰¡àπ‘¬¡„ à«ß‡≈Á∫·≈–®–‡¢’¬π◊ËÕ
µ‘¥°—π ‡àπ æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‡ªìπ°“√‡√’¬°∑—∫»—æ∑å
‚¥¬°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥·Õ≈ ·≈–π‘¥¥’ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π (polymerization) À√◊ժؑ°‘√‘¬“
°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å·≈â«®–‰¥â‡ªìπæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ [poly(L-lactic acid), PLLA] ·≈– æÕ≈‘¥’-
·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ [poly(D-lactic acid), PDLA] µ“¡≈”¥—∫
πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’°√¥·≈§µ‘°∑’Ë¡’°“√º ¡°—π¢Õß°√¥
·≈§µ‘°π‘¥·Õ≈ ·≈–°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥¥’„πÕ—µ√“ à«π
‚¥¬‚¡≈∑’Ë„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ‡√’¬°«à“ racemic-lactic acid À√◊Õ
°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥¥’·Õ≈ (D,L-lactic acid) ´÷Ë߇¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥
°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·≈â«®–‰¥â‡ªìπæÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ [poly(D,L-lactic acid), PDLLA] ´÷Ëß°√¥·≈§µ‘°
π‘¥·Õ≈ ·≈–π‘¥¥’º≈‘µ‰¥â®“°°√–∫«π°“√À¡—°
(fermentation) ¢Õß “√§“√å‚∫‰Œ‡¥√µ¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å
(Narayanan et al., 2004) ¢≥–∑’Ë°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥
¥’·Õ≈º≈‘µ‰¥â®“°°√–∫«π°“√∑“ߪ√‡§¡’ (Lunt,
1998)
®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢â“ßµâπ°≈à“«‰¥â«à“æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
[poly(lactic acid), PLA] “¡“√∂·∫àßÕÕ°‰¥â‡ªìπ
3 π‘¥ µ“¡‚§√ß·∫∫ (configurations) ¢Õß¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å
§◊Õ °√¥·≈§µ‘°∑’Ë„â„π°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
‰¥â·°à æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (PLLA) æÕ≈‘¥’-
·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (PDLA) ·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
(PDLLA) ‚¥¬ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ
‚¥¬µ√ß (direct polycondensation) ¢Õß°√¥·≈§µ‘°

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 55
· ¥ß¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ´÷Ëß®–∑”„À≥âæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’
‚§√ß·∫∫µà“ßÊ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 µ“¡‚§√ß·∫∫
¢Õß°√¥·≈§µ‘°∑’Ë„â„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡
„π°√≥’∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â√–∫ÿ∂÷ß𑥂§√ß·∫∫¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ À√◊Õ ∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ PLA ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°À¡“¬∂÷ß
æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ´÷Ë߇ªìπæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’
°“√«‘®—¬‡æ◊ËÕª√–¬ÿ°µå„âß“π‡ªìπæ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ„π
ªí®®ÿ∫—πÕ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥
n
HO
H
C
COOH
heat
H
O
H
C
O
C
OH
+
(n - 1) H 2 O
CH 3
CH 3
n
Lactic acid
(LA)
Poly(lactic acid)
(PLA)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ‚¥¬µ√ߢÕß°√¥·≈§µ‘° (∑’Ë¡“: Vink et al., 2003)
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
n
poly(L-lactic acid)
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
n
poly(D-lactic acid)
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
n
poly(DL-lactic acid)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß·∫∫µà“ßÊ (∑’Ë¡“: Dechy-Cabaret et al., 2004)
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ¬—ß “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–À剥âÕ’°
°√–∫«π°“√Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π
·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π (ring-opening polymerization)
‚¥¬„â¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å·∫∫«ß¢Õß‡Õ ‡∑Õ√å (ester cyclic
monomers) ‰¥â·°à ‰¥·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ À√◊Õ ·≈§‰∑¥å
(lactide) À√◊Õ 3,6-dimethyl 1,4-dioxane 2,5-dione
¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ¥—ßπ—ÈπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë —߇§√“–À剥â
®“°°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π
¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥åπ’È ®÷ß¡’◊ËÕ‡√’¬°∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë
„â„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå«à“ æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å [poly(lactide), PL]
(Gupta and Kumar, 2007)

56 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
n
O
O
O
Lactide
(L)
O
heat
H
O
H
C
CH 3
Poly(lactide)
(PL)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥å (∑’Ë¡“: Vink et al., 2003)
O
C
2n
OH
”À√—∫·≈§‰∑¥å∑’˄⇪ìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å„π
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π “¡“√∂
‡µ√’¬¡‰¥â®“°°√¥·≈§µ‘° ´÷Ëß®–°≈à“«∂÷ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥
„π°“√‡µ√’¬¡π’ÈÀ—«¢âÕ∂—¥‰ª ¥—ßπ—Èπ·≈§‰∑¥å®÷ß¡’
‰Õ‚´‡¡Õ√å 3 ·∫∫ ‰¥â·°à ·Õ≈·Õ≈-·≈§‰∑¥å
(L,L-lactide) π‘¬¡‡√’¬°«à“ ·Õ≈-·≈§‰∑¥å (L-lactide,
LL) ¥’¥’-·≈§‰∑¥å (D,D-lactide) π‘¬¡‡√’¬°«à“ ¥’-·≈§‰∑¥å
(D-lactide, DL) ·≈–¥’·Õ≈-·≈§‰∑¥å (D,L-lactide,
DLL) ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 ´÷Ëß·≈§‰∑¥å‡À≈à“π’È ‡¡◊ËÕ‡°‘¥°“√
—߇§√“–À凪ìπæÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π®–∑”„À≥â
æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å ·∫∫µà“ßÊ ‰¥â·°à æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§‰∑¥å
[poly(L-lactide), PLL] æÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§‰∑¥å [poly(Dlactide),
PDL] ·≈– æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§‰∑¥å [poly(D,
L-lactide), PDLL] µ“¡≈”¥—∫
H
O
O
H 3 C
√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 ‰Õ‚´‡¡Õ√å¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥å (∑’Ë¡“: Gupta and Kumar, 2007)
O
H 3 C H H
H
CH 3 H
O O
CH O O
O O
3 H
CH 3
O
H 3 C
D-Lactide L-Lactide
D,L-Lactide
O
O
æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ¡’‚§√ß √â“ß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
∑“߇§¡’‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§‰∑¥å ¢≥–∑’ËæÕ≈‘¥’-
·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ¡’
‚§√ß √â“ß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈∑“߇§¡’‡À¡◊Õπ°—∫æÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§‰∑¥å
·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§‰∑¥å µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡æ’¬ß·µà°“√‡√’¬°
◊ËÕ∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—πµ“¡¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë„â„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
‡∑à“π—Èπ πÕ°®“°π’È®“°°“√‡√’¬°◊ËÕ∑’˵à“ß°—ππ’È ∑”„Àâ
∑√“∫‰¥â«à“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√åπ’È —߇§√“–À剥⮓°°√–∫«π
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ À√◊Õ·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π
‡π◊ËÕß®“°æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ·≈–æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å “¡“√∂
—߇§√“–À剥⮓°°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫
§«∫·πàπ¢Õß°√¥·≈§µ‘° ·≈–·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π¢Õß
·≈§‰∑¥å µ“¡≈”¥—∫ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡¬—ß¡’√“¬ß“π°“√
«‘®—¬®”π«π¡“°∑’ˇ√’¬°æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å‡À≈à“π’È«à“æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ À√◊Õ PLA ∑—Èß∑’Ë∑”°“√ —߇§√“–Àå‚¥¬„â·≈§‰∑¥å
‡ªìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√åºà“πªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥
«ß·À«π ´÷ËßÕ“®∑”„À⇰‘¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®∑’˧≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ
”À√—∫¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë„â„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå ¥—ßπ—ÈπºŸâÕà“π
µâÕßæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¢Õß
√“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬π—ÈπÕ¬à“ß√Õ∫§Õ∫ ·¡â®–¡’‚§√ß √â“ß
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈∑’ˇÀ¡◊Õπ°—π ·µà‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ªæ∫«à“æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å
∑’Ë —߇§√“–À剥⮓°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥
«ß·À«π¡’§à“πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈∑’Ë¡“°°«à“æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë —߇§√“–À剥⮓°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 57
·∫∫§«∫·πàπ ´÷Ëß àߺ≈µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘µà“ßÊ ·≈–°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„âß“π
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå·≈§‰∑¥å®“°°√¥·≈§µ‘°
”À√—∫·≈§‰∑¥å∑’˄⇪ìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å„π
°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«ππ—Èπ
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª “¡“√∂‡µ√’¬¡‰¥â®“°‡∑§π‘§∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
2 ¢—ÈπµÕπ ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 7 ‚¥¬„π¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë 1 (step 1)
‡ªìπ°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ (polycondensation)
°àÕπ∑’Ë®–‰¥â·≈§‰∑¥å®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ
(thermal decomposition) ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ „π
¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë 2 (step 2)
STEP 1
H
H
O
n
HO
C
COOH
polycondensation
H
O
C
C
OH
+
(n - 1) H 2 O
CH 3
Lactic acid
(LA)
CH 3
Poly(lactic acid)
(PLA)
n
STEP 2
O
H
O
H
C
O
C
OH
thermal
decomposition
n/2
O
O
CH 3
n
Poly(lactic acid)
(PLA)
O
Lactide
√Ÿª∑’Ë 7 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°“√ —߇§√“–Àå·≈§‰∑¥å®“°°√¥·≈§µ‘°ºà“πªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ
(polycondensation) „π¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë 1 ·≈–°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ (thermal decomposition) „π
¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë 2 (∑’Ë¡“: Lunt, 1998)
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå·≈§‰∑¥å„π¢—ÈπµÕπ·√°¡’°“√
ª√–°Õ∫Õÿª°√≥å°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ¥—ß
√Ÿª∑’Ë 8(a) ∑’Ë¡’°“√„â°√¥æ“√“-‚∑≈ŸÕ’π´—≈‚øπ‘°
(p-toluene sulfonic acid, PTSA) ‡ªìπµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
„πª√‘¡“≥ 0.5-1 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‚¥¬∑”°“√
—߇§√“–Àå„π¢—Èπ∑’ËÀπ÷Ëßπ’È¡’°“√„âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ 150-
170 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬≈ ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ 4 - 5 —Ë«‚¡ß
°àÕπ∑”°“√≈¥§«“¡¥—πª√–¡“≥ 100 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√¢Õß
ª√Õ∑ ‡ªìπ√–¬–‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥ 2 —Ë«‚¡ß (Gilding and
Reed, 1979) ‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥πÈ”∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ·≈–∑”„Àâ
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ∑’ˉ¥â¡’§«“¡Àπ◊¥¢≥–À≈Õ¡¡“°¢÷Èπ
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå·≈§‰∑¥å„π¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë Õß¡’°“√ª√–°Õ∫
ÿ¥Õÿª°√≥å°“√ —߇§√“–Àå ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 8(b) ∑’Ë¡’°“√„â
·Õ𵑂¡π’‰µ√ÕÕ°‰´¥å (antimony trioxide) ‡ªìπµ—«
‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ „πª√‘¡“≥ 0.1-1 ‡ªÕ√凴Áπµå‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—°
„π¢—Èπ∑’Ë Õßπ’È¡’°“√„âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ 180 - 220 Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬≈ ∑’˧«“¡¥—πª√–¡“≥ 2 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√¢Õߪ√Õ∑
(Hyon et al., 1997) À√◊ÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ª√–¡“≥ 230 - 250

58 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬≈ ∑’˧«“¡¥—πª√–¡“≥ 5 - 10 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√
¢Õߪ√Õ∑ (Srisa-ard, 2001) ·≈§‰∑¥å∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√
≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ®–√–‡À¬¢÷Èπ¡“ ·≈–‡°‘¥°“√
§«∫·πàπ°àÕπ‡°‘¥°“√·¢Áßµ—«·≈– – ¡„π∑àÕ∑’Ë
§«∫·πàπ¥â«¬Õ“°“» (air condenser) ·≈§‰∑¥å∑’ˉ¥âµâÕß
¡’°“√∑”„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘ϥ⫬°“√≈–≈“¬·≈–µ°µ–°Õπ´È”
(re-crystallization) „π‡Õ∑∏‘≈ Õ–´‘‡∑µ ·≈–∑”°“√Õ∫„Àâ
·Àâß‚¥¬°“√≈¥§«“¡¥—π°àÕπ𔉪„â„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å µàÕ‰ª
√Ÿª∑’Ë 8 Õÿª°√≥å°“√ —߇§√“–Àå·≈§‰∑¥å®“°°√¥·≈§µ‘° ”À√—∫ (a) ¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë 1 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π
·∫∫§«∫·πàπ (polycondensation polymerization) ·≈– (b) ¢—ÈπµÕπ∑’Ë 2 °“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ
(thermal decomposition) (∑’Ë¡“: Srisa-ard, 2001)
°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π∑’Ë ”§—≠ 2 «‘∏’ ‰¥â·°à «‘∏’æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√-
‡´—π ·∫∫§«∫·πàπ‚¥¬µ√ß (direct polycondensation
polymerization) ∑’Ë¡’°“√„â°√¥·≈§µ‘°‡ªìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å
·≈–«‘∏’æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π (ringopening
polymerization, ROP) ∑’Ë¡’°“√„â·≈§‰∑¥å‡ªìπ
¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å °“√»÷°…“ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°“√ —߇§√“–Àå à«π„À≠à
‡ªìπ°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¢Õß°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥·Õ≈ ·≈–
·≈§‰∑¥åπ‘¥·Õ≈
”À√—∫ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫
§«∫·πàπ‚¥¬µ√ߢÕß°√¥·≈§µ‘°®–¡’º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’Ë
‡ªìπ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßπÈ”‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¥â«¬ ®÷ß¡’°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
‰Œ‚¥√‰≈´’ ∑’Ë∑”„ÀâæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‡°‘¥°“√ ≈“¬µ—«
§«∫§Ÿà‰ª¥â«¬ ∑”„ÀâæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¡’§à“πÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈≈¥≈ß π—∫‡ªìπ¢âÕ®”°—¥ ”§—≠„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ Ÿß ·¡â®–¡’°“√
欓¬“¡ª√—∫ª√ÿ߇∑§π‘§‚¥¬°“√≈¥§«“¡¥—π¢Õß
√–∫∫√–À«à“ߪؑ°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π‡æ◊ËÕ°”®—¥πÈ”∑’Ë
‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ·µà‡ªìπ°“√¬“°∑’Ë®–°”®—¥πÈ”∑’Ë
º ¡Õ¬Ÿà„πæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√åÀ≈Õ¡∑’Ë¡’§«“¡Àπ◊¥¡“°Õ¬à“ß
¡∫Ÿ√≥å ¥—ßπ—Èπ«‘∏’π’È®÷ß “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-
·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡©≈’ˬ‚¥¬®”π«π
(number-average molecular weight, M n
) ¡’§à“‰¡à‡°‘π

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 59
20,000 - 30,000 °√—¡µàÕ‚¡≈ ‡∑à“π—Èπ ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ‚¥¬µ√ߢÕß°√¥·≈§µ‘°
∑—Èßπ‘¥·Õ≈ ·≈–¥’·Õ≈∑’˪√“»®“°µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“„¥Ê
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 180 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬≈ ·≈–§«“¡¥—π 25
¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√¢Õߪ√Õ∑ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 25 —Ë«‚¡ß ‚¥¬∑”°“√
°”®—¥πÈ”∑’˺ ¡Õ¬Ÿà°àÕπ¥â«¬°“√°≈—Ëπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 120
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ æ∫«à“‰¥âæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’
§à“πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡©≈’ˬ‚¥¬®”π«π‰¡à‡°‘π 20,000
°√—¡µàÕ‚¡≈ (Hyon et al., 1997) Achmad et al. (2009)
‰¥â∑”°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¿“¬„µâ
¿“«– Ÿ≠≠“°“»∑’˪√“»®“°µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“·≈–µ—«∑”
≈–≈“¬ ‚¥¬∑”°“√°”®—¥πÈ”∑’˺ ¡Õ¬Ÿà°àÕπ¥â«¬°“√°≈—Ëπ
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 150 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬≈ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 150 π“∑’
°àÕπ∑”°“√≈¥§«“¡¥—π∑’Ë 10 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√¢Õߪ√Õ∑
‡ªìπ‡«≈“Õ’° 150 π“∑’ °àÕπ∑”°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„πà«ß 150 - 250 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ∑’˧«“¡¥—π
10 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√¢Õߪ√Õ∑ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 96 —Ë«‚¡ß æ∫«à“
‡¡◊ËÕ„âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå‡∑à“°—∫ 200 Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬ ®–‰¥âæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’§à“πÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡©≈’ˬ‚¥¬®”π«π Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ª√–¡“≥ 25,000
°√—¡µàÕ‚¡≈ ∂â“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß°«à“ 200 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
®–‡°‘¥°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬§«“¡√âÕπ ∑”„ÀâæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-
·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’§à“πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈≈¥µË”≈ß ”À√—∫
µ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“„π°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π¢Õß
°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥·Õ≈∑’ˉ¥â¡’°“√»÷°…“«‘®—¬ ‰¥â·°à °√¥
øÕ øÕ√‘° (phosphoric acid) ´‘ߧå§≈Õ‰√¥å (zinc
chloride) °√¥´—≈øî«√‘° (sulfuric acid) ·Õ𵑂¡π’
‰µ√ÕÕ°‰´¥å (antimony (III) oxide) ‰∑∑“‡π’¬¡
‰Õ‚´æ√Õ摇≈∑ (titanium (IV) isopropylate)
Õ≈Ÿ¡‘‡π’¬¡Õ–´‘∑‘≈Õ–´‘‚∑‡π∑ (aluminum acetylacetonate)
·≈– ·µππ— ÕÕ°‚∑‡Õ∑ (stannous octoate) ‚¥¬
∑”°“√°”®—¥πÈ”∑’˺ ¡Õ¬Ÿà°àÕπ¥â«¬°“√°≈—Ëπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘100
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ¿“¬„µâ°“√≈¥§«“¡¥—π °àÕπ∑”
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π¿“¬„µâ∫√√¬“°“»‰π‚µ√‡®π ‡ªìπ‡«≈“
12 —Ë«‚¡ß ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘à«ß 180 - 220 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
æ∫«à“°“√„â°√¥´—≈øî«√‘°§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.1 % ‚¥¬
πÈ”Àπ—° ∑”„À≥âæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’§à“
πÈ”Àπ—° ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡©≈’ˬ‚¥¬®”π«π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ ª√–¡“≥
18,200 17,000 ·≈– 18,100 °√—¡µàÕ‚¡≈ ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
°“√ —߇§√“–Àå 180 200 ·≈– 220 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ µ“¡
≈”¥—∫ (Hiltunen et al., 1997)
πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’√“¬ß“π«à“°“√„â√–∫∫‡√àß
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ “√ª√–°Õ∫‚≈À– (metal
compounds) ·≈– °√¥ (proton acids) “¡“√∂‡µ√’¬¡
æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ∑’Ë —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ„π ∂“π–À≈Õ¡-
¢Õß·¢Áß (melt-solid polycondensation) „Àâ¡’πÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡©≈’ˬ‚¥¬®”π«πª√–¡“≥ 94,100 °√—¡µàÕ‚¡≈
‰¥â (Moon et al., 2000; Moon et al., 2001) ‚¥¬
À≈—ß®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫§«∫·πàπ∑’Ë
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 180 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ¿“¬„µâ§«“¡¥—π∑’Ë 10 ∑Õ√å
(torr) ∑’Ë¡’°“√„âµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“√à«¡√–À«à“ß ·µππ—
§≈Õ‰√¥å (stannous (II) chloride) ·≈–°√¥æ“√“-
‚∑≈ŸÕ’π´—≈‚øπ‘° (p-toluenesulfonic acid) ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.4 % ‚¥¬πÈ”Àπ—° ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 —Ë«‚¡ß·≈â«
®–π”æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’ˉ¥â‰ª∫¥≈–‡Õ’¬¥ °àÕπ
∑”°“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 105 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“ 1 —Ë«‚¡ß ·≈–∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 150 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
‡ªìπ‡«≈“Õ’° 10 —Ë«‚¡ß ¿“¬„µâ§«“¡¥—π∑’Ë 0.5 ∑Õ√å
”À√—∫°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥
«ß·À«π∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥å “¡“√∂·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ
3 ª√–‡¿∑ ‰¥â·°à ·∫∫‰ÕÕÕπ≈∫ (anionic) ·∫∫
‰ÕÕÕπ∫«° (cationic) ·≈–·∫∫‚§ÕÕ√契‡π—π-°“√
·∑√° (coordination-insertion) µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕßµ—«‡√‘Ë¡
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ (initiator) ¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π
·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π·∫∫‰ÕÕÕπ≈∫ ‰¥â·°à alkaline metal
alkoxides (Kricheldorf, 2001) ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 9
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å∑’Ë —߇§√“–À剥⡒πÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰¡à Ÿß‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ back biting
´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‡°‘¥°“√¢“¥ À√◊Õ‡°‘¥·≈§‰∑¥å¢÷Èπ§«∫§Ÿà
¥â«¬

60 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
R-O:M
O
-
+ O
O
R
O
O
O
O
-
O:M
O
lactide
R
O
√Ÿª∑’Ë 9 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π·∫∫‰ÕÕÕπ≈∫ (anionic ring-opening polymerization) ¢Õß
·≈§‰∑¥å (∑’Ë¡“: Gupta and Kumar, 2007)
O
O
n
O
-
O:M
µ—«Õ¬à“ߢÕßµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ (catalyst) ¢Õß
°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π·∫∫
‰ÕÕÕπ∫«° ‰¥â·°à borontrifluoride ·≈– trifluoroacetic
acid (Tang et al., 2003) ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 10 ¢âÕ‡ ’¬
∑’Ë ”§—≠¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√π’È §◊Õ ∑”„À₧√ß·∫∫¢Õß
·≈§‰∑¥å‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉¥âßà“¬∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ≈¥
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√ —߇§√“–Àå≈ß®–∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“°“√‡°‘¥
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“â“≈ß (Wang et al., 2004)
O
+
F 3 CSO 3 CH 3 +
O
O
O
OCH 3
F 3 C-SO 3
-
O
+
O
O
OCH 3
O
O
O
O
O
+
O
O
O
O
+
O
O
O
O
OCH 3
O
√Ÿª∑’Ë 10 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π·∫∫‰ÕÕÕπ∫«° (cationic ring-opening polymerization) ¢Õß
·≈§‰∑¥å (∑’Ë¡“: Gupta and Kumar, 2007)
”À√—∫°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫
‡ªî¥«ß·À«π·∫∫‚§ÕÕ√契‡π—π-°“√·∑√° ‡ªìπ
°√–∫«π°“√∑’Ë„â„π°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å
„πªí®®ÿ∫—π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª„â√–∫∫‡√‘Ë¡ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
(initiating systems) ∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ “√ª√–°Õ∫
‰Œ¥√Õ°´’≈ (hydroxyl compounds) ·≈– “√
ª√–°Õ∫‚≈À–Õ‘π∑√’¬å (organometallic compounds)
‚¥¬ “√ª√–°Õ∫‚≈À–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’Ë¡’°“√„â¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ
·µππ— ÕÕ°‚∑‡Õ∑ (stannous octoate, Sn(Oct) 2
) ∑’Ë
¡’◊ËÕ„π√–∫∫ IUPAC «à“ tin (II)-bis-2-ethylhexanoate
´÷Ëß¡’‚§√ß √â“ß∑“߇§¡’¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë11 ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπ
“√ª√–°Õ∫‚≈À–Õ‘π∑√’¬å∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√Õπÿ≠“µ®“°
Õߧ尓√Õ“À“√·≈–¬“ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“ (Food and
Drug Administration, FDA) ”À√—∫„⇪ìπ à«πº ¡
„πº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕ“À“√·≈–¬“‰¥â (Stridsberg et al., 2002)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 61
O
O
Sn
O
O
√Ÿª∑’Ë 11 ‚§√ß √â“ß∑“߇§¡’¢Õß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ ·µππ— ÕÕ°‚∑‡Õ∑ (∑’Ë¡“: Gupta and Kumar, 2007)
‚¥¬°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫
‡ªî¥«ß·À«π·∫∫‚§ÕÕ√契‡π—π-°“√·∑√°· ¥ß„π
√Ÿª∑’Ë 12 ‚¥¬¡’°“√‡°‘¥ coordination ¢Õß ·µππ—
ÕÕ°‚∑‡Õ∑ “√ª√–°Õ∫‰Œ¥√Õ°´‘≈ ·≈–·≈§‰∑¥å
°àÕπ°“√‡ªî¥«ß·À«π¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥å (Kricheldorf et al.,
2000) πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’°“√‡ πÕ°≈‰°¢Õߪؑ°‘√‘¬“
æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π ∑’Ë¡’ ·µππ— ÕÕ°
‚∑‡Õ∑ ·≈– “√ª√–°Õ∫‰Œ¥√Õ°´’≈‡ªìπ√–∫∫‡√‘Ë¡
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ‚¥¬¡’°“√‡°‘¥ ·µππ— Õ—≈§Õ°‰´¥å ∑’Ë¡’
µ—«‡√‘Ë¡ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß„π°“√‡ªî¥«ß·À«π¢Õß
·≈§‰∑¥å (Kowalski et al., 2000) ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 13
æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å ∑’Ë —߇§√“–Àå “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï®“°
¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å∑’ˬ—߉¡à‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ·≈–‚Õ≈‘‚°‡¡Õ√å¥â«¬
‡∑§π‘§°“√≈–≈“¬·≈–µ°µ–°Õπ ‚¥¬„â§≈Õ‚√øÕ√å¡
·≈–πÕ√å¡Õ≈-‡Œ°‡´π‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬ ·≈–µ—«µ°
µ–°Õ𠇪ìπµâπ
H
(Oct) 2 Sn O R
O
O
Sn(Oct) 2
+ R-OH +
O
O
coordination
-insertion
O
O
O
Stannous octoate Hydroxy compound Lactide
O
ROP
Oct 2 Sn
H
O
O
CH-CO
CH 3
2
R
ROP
+ n (Lactide)
Oct 2 Sn
H
O
O
CH-CO R
CH 3
2n+2
Poly(lactide)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 12 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥å‚¥¬„â ·µππ— ÕÕ°‚∑‡Õ∑·≈– “√ª√–°Õ∫
‰Œ¥√Õ°´‘≈‡ªìπ√–∫∫‡√‘Ë¡ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ‚¥¬°“√‡°‘¥ºà“π “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ (∑’Ë¡“: Stridsberg et al., 2002)

62 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
(a)
Sn(Oct) 2
+ R-OH
OctSn-OR + OctH
Stannous octoate Hydroxy compound Stannous alkoxide
O
(b)
OctSn-OR
+
n
O
O
ROP
OctSn
O
O-CH-C
CH 3
OR
2n
Stannous alkoxide
O
Lactide
Poly(lactide)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 13 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥å‚¥¬„â ·µππ— ÕÕ°‚∑‡Õ∑·≈– “√ª√–°Õ∫‰Œ¥√Õ°´‘≈
‡ªìπ√–∫∫‡√‘Ë¡ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ‚¥¬°“√‡°‘¥ ·µππ— Õ—≈§Õ°‰´¥å (a) ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√‡°‘¥ ·µππ— Õ—≈§Õ°‰´¥å ·≈–
(b) ¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√‡ªî¥«ß·À«π¢Õß·≈§‰∑¥å (∑’Ë¡“: Dechy-Cabaret et al., 2004)
¡∫—µ‘∑“ߧ«“¡√âÕπ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
”À√—∫ PLLA ·≈– PDLA ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å
°÷Ëߺ≈÷° (semi-crystalline polymers) ∑’Ë¡’§à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
°“√À≈Õ¡ (melting temperatures, T m
) Õ¬Ÿà„πà«ß
ª√–¡“≥ 170-180 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈–¡’§à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ ∂“π–§≈⓬·°â« (glass-transition temperature,
T g
) Õ¬Ÿà„πà«ßª√–¡“≥ 60 - 65 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ¢≥–∑’Ë
PDLLA ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√åÕ —≥∞“π (amorphous
polymer) ‰¡à¡’§«“¡‡ªìπº≈÷° ®÷߉¡àª√“°Ø§à“ T m
‚¥¬
¡’§à“ T g
Õ¬Ÿà„πà«ßª√–¡“≥ 50-60 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
(Maharana et al., 2009) ‚¥¬§à“ T g
·≈– T m
¢Õß
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥®–¡’§à“¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡¬“«¢Õß
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ À√◊ÕπÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
¡∫—µ‘°“√≈–≈“¬¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√≈–≈“¬ (solubility) „π
µ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å¢Õß PLLA ·≈– PDLLA · ¥ß
„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ‚¥¬ PDLA ®–¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√
≈–≈“¬‡àπ‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫ PLLA ®“°µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 æ∫«à“
PDLLA “¡“√∂≈–≈“¬„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å‰¥â
À≈“¬π‘¥¡“°°«à“ PLLA ‡π◊ËÕß®“°§«“¡‡ªìπº≈÷°¢Õß
PLLA ∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂≈–≈“¬„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å
µà“ßʉ¥âπâÕ¬°«à“ PDLLA

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 63
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√≈–≈“¬¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬åµà“ßÊ (Södergård and Stolt,
2002)
Organic solvents PLLA PDLLA
Isopropyl ether
Cyclohexane
Xylene
Ethyl acetate
Tetrahydrofuran
Chloroform
Methyl ether ketone
Furan
Acetone
1,4-Dioxane
Ethyl lactate
1,3-Dioxolane
Pyridine
Dimethylsulfoxide
N,N-Dimethylformamide
Ethanol
= non-soluble, = swelling, = soluble

64 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
§à“πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‚¥¬§«“¡Àπ◊¥ (viscosity
molecular weight, M V
) ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å
“¡“√∂§”π«≥‰¥â®“°§à“§«“¡Àπ◊¥Õ‘π∑√‘𠑧
(intrinsic viscosity, [(]) ¥â«¬ ¡°“√¢Õß Mark-Houwink
∑’Ë¡’°“√„âµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬µà“ßÊ ‰¥âÀ≈“¬ ¡°“√ ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà
°—∫π‘¥¢Õßµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’Ë„â«‘‡§√“–Àå
¥—ßπ’È
‡¡◊ËÕ„â§≈Õ‚√øÕ√塇ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬∑’Ë 25 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (Hyon et al., 1997)
[η] = 5.45 x 10 -4 M V
0.73
”À√—∫ poly(L-lactide)
[η] = 2.21 x 10 -4 M V
0.77
”À√—∫ poly(D,L-lactide)
‡¡◊ËÕ„â§≈Õ‚√øÕ√塇ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬∑’Ë 20 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (Kricheldorf and Lee, 1995)
[η] = 7.4 x 10 -5 M V
0.87
”À√—∫ poly(L-lactide)
[η] = 1.32 x 10 -3 M V
0.58
”À√—∫ poly(D,L-lactide)
‡¡◊ËՄ⇵µ√“‰Œ‚¥√øŸ√“π‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬∑’Ë 37 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (Yuan et al., 1999)
[η] = 1.04 x 10 -4 M V
0.75
”À√—∫ poly(D,L-lactide)
¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà
°—∫πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈·≈–√–¥—∫§«“¡‡ªìπº≈÷° (Maharana
et al., 2009) æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
·≈–√–¥—∫§«“¡‡ªìπº≈÷°∑’Ë¡“°°«à“ ®–¡’ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈
∑’Ë¥’°«à“ ‚¥¬æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ª√–‡¿∑°÷Ëߺ≈÷° ‰¥â·°à
æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ®–
¡’ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ª√–‡¿∑
Õ —≥∞“π ‰¥â·°à æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ „π°“√‡≈◊Õ°
„âß“πµà“ßÊ ®÷ߢ÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫§«“¡µâÕß°“√ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈
Õ¬à“߉√ ‡àπ „π°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„âß“π‡ªìπÕπÿ¿“§π” àß
¬“ “¡“√∂‡≈◊Õ°„âæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß
°≈‰¡à Ÿß¡“°π—°‰¥â ¢≥–∑’Ë°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„âß“π‡ªìπ‡ âπ
‰À¡‡¬Á∫·º≈ µâÕß„âæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥∑’Ë¡’ ¡∫—µ‘
‡‘ß°≈ Ÿß¡“° ‡ªìπµâπ Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
∑’Ë¡’µàÕ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‰¥â·°à
¡∫—µ‘°“√∑πµàÕ·√ߥ÷ß (tensile properties) ∑’Ë∑¥ Õ∫
µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π ASTM D-638 ·≈–°“√∑πµàÕ·√ß
µ°°√–∑∫ (impact strength) ∑’Ë∑¥ Õ∫µ“¡¡“µ√∞“π
ASTM D-256 · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“§à“§«“¡
µâ“π∑“πµàÕ·√ߥ÷ß ≥ ®ÿ¥¢“¥ (tensile strength) §à“
°“√¬◊¥µ—« ≥ ®ÿ¥¢“¥ (elongation at break) ·≈–§à“
§«“¡µâ“π∑“πµàÕ·√ßµ°°√–∑∫ (impact strength)
¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¡’·π«‚πâ¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕπÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¡’§à“¡“°¢÷Èπ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’√“¬ß“π«à“§à“§«“¡
µâ“π∑“πµàÕ·√ߥ÷ß ≥ ®ÿ¥¢“¥¡’§à“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ 2 ‡∑à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ
πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¡’§à“‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπ®“° 50,000 ¥“≈µ—𠇪ìπ 100,000 ¥“≈µ—π ·µà§à“
§«“¡µâ“π∑“πµàÕ·√ߥ÷ß ≥ ®ÿ¥¢“¥‰¡à¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
‡¡◊ËÕπÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¡’§à“
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ®“° 100,000 ¥“≈µ—𠇪ìπ 300,000 ¥“≈µ—π
(Engelberg and Kohn, 1991)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 65
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
M v PLLA Tensile strength at break a
(MPa)
Elongation at breakb
(%)
20,000
47
1.3
33,500
54
3.3
47,000
59
3.5
71,000
66
4.0
a
b
c
(notch)
Impact strengthc
(J/m)
32
55
70
66
¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
“¡“√∂ª√—∫ª√ÿ߉¥â‚¥¬°“√‡µ‘¡æ≈“ µ‘‰´‡´Õ√å
(plasticizer) ¥—ßµ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√‡µ‘¡ ‰µ√‡Õ∑‘≈ ´‘‡∑√µ
(triethyl citrate) ∑”„ÀâæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¡’§à“
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ ∂“π–§≈⓬·°â«≈¥≈ß ¡’§à“§«“¡
µâ“π∑“πµàÕ·√ߥ÷ß≈¥≈ß ·≈–¡’§à“°“√¬◊¥µ—« ≥ ®ÿ¥
¢“¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ¥—ß· ¥ß„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ‚¥¬§à“µà“ßÊ
¥—ß°≈à“«¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫Õ—µ√“ à«π¢Õßæ≈“ µ‘‰´‡´Õ√å¥â«¬
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 §à“ T
g g ·≈– ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (Labrecque et al., 1997)
Triethyl citrate
(% w/w)
T Tg g
(C)
Tensile strength at break
(MPa)
Elongation at break
(%)
0
10
20
40
59
42
33
22
52
28
13
7
7
21
382
610
¡∫—µ‘°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥
°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
¡’ 2 ·∫∫∑’Ë ”§—≠ §◊Õ °“√ ≈“¬µ—«‚¥¬‰¡à„â‡Õπ‰´¡å
(non-enzyme degradation) ·≈–°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬
‡Õπ‰´¡å (enzyme degradation) (Maharana et al., 2009)
”À√—∫°“√ ≈“¬µ—«‚¥¬‰¡à„â‡Õπ‰´¡å∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‰¥â·°à
°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬°√–∫«π‰Œ‚¥√‰≈´’ ·∫∫ ÿà¡∑’Ëæ—π∏–
‡Õ ‡∑Õ√å (√Ÿª∑’Ë 14) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ√Ÿª·∫∫°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑’Ë ”§—≠
∑’Ë ÿ¥¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‚¥¬‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßπÈ”®–
‡°‘¥°“√·æ√àºà“πº‘««— ¥ÿ‡¢â“‰ª¿“¬„π‡π◊ÈÕ¢Õß«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë∑”
¥â«¬æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥°àÕπ‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‰Œ‚¥√‰≈´’
´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ«— ¥ÿ∑’Ë∑”¥â«¬æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥‡°‘¥°“√ ≈“¬µ—«
∑—Èß®“°¿“¬„π«— ¥ÿ (bulk erosion) ·≈–°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑’Ë
º‘««— ¥ÿ (surface erosion) (Siepmann and Gopferich,
2001) ”À√—∫º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢Õß
æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ §◊Õ °√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥·Õ≈ ´÷Ëß
∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ°√¥‰æ√Ÿ«‘§ (pyruvic acid) ‰¥â¿“¬„π

66 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√à“ß°“¬¡πÿ…¬å°àÕπ∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπ°ä“´§“√å∫Õπ‰¥ÕÕ°‰´¥å
·≈–πÈ”‚¥¬°“√ºà“π«—Ø®—°√°√¥´‘∑√‘° (citric acid
cycle) ¢≥–°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥¥’´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢ÕßæÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ·≈–
æÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ®–∂Ÿ°°”®—¥ÕÕ°®“°√à“ß°“¬‚¥¬
µ√ß∑“ßªí “«– (Yuehuei, 2000) °“√ ≈“¬µ—«®–‡°‘¥
¢÷Èπ„π à«π∑’ˇªìπÕ —≥∞“π°àÕπ à«π∑’ˇªìπº≈÷°¢Õß
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (Cai et al., 1996) ´÷Ë߬◊π¬—π‰¥â
®“°°“√∑’ËæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¡’√–¥—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ
º≈÷°‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡¡◊ËÕ√–¬–‡«≈“„π°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¡“°¢÷Èπ
(Cam et al., 1995) ‚¥¬Õ—µ√“°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢Õß
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥®–·ª√º°º—π°—∫πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
·≈–√–¥—∫§«“¡‡ªìπº≈÷°¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ (Li
et al., 1990) ¥—ßπ—ÈπæÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥®– ≈“¬
µ—«‰¥â‡√Á«°«à“æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ ‚¥¬æƒµ‘°√√¡°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢ÕßæÕ≈‘ ·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ “¡“√∂«‘‡§√“–À剥⮓° ¡∫—µ‘µà“ßÊ ∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ-
·ª≈߉ª ‰¥â·°à πÈ”Àπ—°∑’ËÀ“¬‰ª (weight loss)
πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ (molecular weight) °“√°√–®“¬¢Õß
πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ (molecular weight distribution)
—≥∞“π«‘∑¬“¢Õßæ◊Èπº‘« (surface morphology) ¡∫—µ‘
∑“ߧ«“¡√âÕπ (thermal properties) √–¥—∫§«“¡‡ªìπ
º≈÷° (degree of crystallinity) ·≈–°“√ª≈¥ª≈àÕ¬
‚Õ≈‘‚°‡¡Õ√å∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«ÕÕ° Ÿà ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡
‡ªìπµâπ (Huang et al., 2004)
CH CH
O
3
O
3
O
O
O
O
CH 3 CH
O
3
O
n
+ H 2 O
CH CH
O
3
O
3
O
O
OH + HO
O
CH 3 CH
O
3
O
CH 3
O
H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O
HO
OH
lactic acid
√Ÿª∑’Ë 14 °“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ‚¥¬°√–∫«π°“√‰Œ‚¥√‰≈´’ ·∫∫ ÿà¡¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å (Maharana et al., 2009)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 67
°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ “¡“√∂‡°‘¥‰¥â∑—Èß„π¥‘π ·≈–„ππÈ”∑’Ë¡’®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å
(microorganisms) µà“ßÊ ‰¥â·°à ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ·≈–‡◊ÈÕ√“
∑’Ë¡’°“√º≈‘µ‡Õπ‰´¡åπ‘¥µà“ßÊ ÕÕ°¡“‡æ◊ËÕ„â„π°“√
≈“¬æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ “¡“√∂
≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡åµà“ßÊ ‰¥â·°à esterases,
proteases ·≈– lipase ‡ªìπµâπ (Williams, 1981; Tokiwa
and Jarerat, 2004) ´÷Ëß°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å®–
‡°‘¥§«∫§Ÿà‰ª°—∫°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬°√–∫«π‰Œ‚¥√‰≈´’
‡ ¡Õ §«“¡◊Èπ„πÕ“°“»·≈–„π¥‘π “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â¥â«¬°√–∫«π‰Œ‚¥√‰≈´’
Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡°“√»÷°…“°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å à«π„À≠à∑”°“√»÷°…“‚¥¬„â‡Õπ‰´¡å
‚¥¬µ√ß¡“°°«à“°“√»÷°…“‚¥¬„â®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
“¡“√∂§«∫§ÿ¡·≈–»÷°…“ªí®®—¬¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å
∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕÕ—µ√“°“√ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß¡“°°«à“
°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ∫√‘‡«≥º‘«πÕ°¢Õß
«— ¥ÿ (surface erosion) ∑’Ë∑”¥â«¬æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
‡∑à“π—Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡Õπ‰´¡å‰¡à “¡“√∂ºà“π‡¢â“‰ª¿“¬„π
‡π◊ÈÕ«— ¥ÿ‰¥â (Maharana et al., 2009) ∑”„ÀâπÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ ·≈–§à“°“√°√–®“¬¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈‰¡à
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß µ—«Õ¬à“ß°≈‰°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å
· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 15 ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√ ≈“¬æ—π∏–‡Õ ‡∑Õ√å
¢Õ߇Õπ‰´¡å°≈ÿà¡ hydrolases ∑’˪√–°Õ∫¥â«¬°√¥
Õ–¡‘‚π 3 π‘¥ ‰¥â·°à aspartate, histidine ·≈– serine
∑”„Àâ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥·µ°ÕÕ°‡ªìπ
2 ‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈∑’Ë —Èπ≈ß ‚¥¬‡°‘¥À¡Ÿà§“√å∫Õ°´‘≈‘° ·≈–À¡Ÿà
‰Œ¥√Õ°´‘≈‡ªìπÀ¡Ÿàª≈“¬¢Õß·µà≈–‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈
√Ÿª∑’Ë 15 °≈‰°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥¥â«¬‡Õπ‰´¡å hydrolases (Lucas et al., 2008)

68 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
∫∑ √ÿª
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å —ß‡§√“–Àå
∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ ∑’Ë¡’ 3 ‰Õ‚´‡¡Õ√å
‰¥â·°à æÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ æÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ´÷Ëß —߇§√“–À剥⮓°
°“√„â°√¥·≈§µ‘°∑’Ë¡’‚§√ß·∫∫∑’˵à“ß°—π æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ ·≈– æÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å ‡ªìπæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å𑥇¥’¬«°—π
∑’Ë„â¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å·≈–°√–∫«π°“√„π°“√ —߇§√“–Àåµà“ß
°—π æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ —߇§√“–Àå‚¥¬„â°√¥·≈§µ‘°
‡ªìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π
·∫∫§«∫·πàπ ¢≥–∑’ËæÕ≈‘·≈§‰∑¥å —߇§√“–Àå‚¥¬„â
·≈§‰∑¥å‡ªìπ¡ÕπÕ‡¡Õ√å¥â«¬°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√
‡´—π·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π ´÷Ëß°√–∫«π°“√æÕ≈‘‡¡Õ‰√‡´—π
·∫∫‡ªî¥«ß·À«π “¡“√∂ —߇§√“–ÀåæÕ≈‘‡¡Õ√å∑’Ë¡’
πÈ”Àπ—°‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ Ÿß°«à“ ‚§√ß·∫∫∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π¢Õß
æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ àߺ≈µàÕ§«“¡‡ªìπº≈÷° ¡∫—µ‘
∑“ߧ«“¡√âÕπ ¡∫—µ‘‡‘ß°≈ §«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√≈–≈“¬
„πµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬Õ‘π∑√’¬å ·≈–Õ—µ√“°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß
’«¿“æ °√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥·Õ≈´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˇ°‘¥
¢÷Èπ®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ ·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥‡∑à“π—Èπ∑’Ë “¡“√∂
‡¢â“ Ÿà°√–∫«π°“√‡¡µ“∫Õ≈‘´÷¡„π√à“ß°“¬ ‘Ëß¡’’«‘µ‰¥â
¢≥–∑’Ë°√¥·≈§µ‘°π‘¥¥’´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«∑“ß’«¿“æ¢ÕßæÕ≈‘¥’-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
·≈–æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ®–∂Ÿ°°”®—¥ÕÕ°®“°
√à“ß°“¬‚¥¬µ√ß∑“ßªí “«– ‚¥¬æÕ≈‘¥’·Õ≈-·≈§µ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ „Àâº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¡’∑—Èß°√¥·≈
§µ‘° π‘¥·Õ≈·≈–π‘¥¥’
·¡â«à“ªí®®ÿ∫—π¢âÕ®”°—¥∑’Ë ”§—≠„π°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„âß“πæÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥ ”À√—∫‡ªìπæ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ
§◊Õ ¡’√“§“∑’Ë Ÿß°«à“æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë„âß“π∑—Ë«‰ª ‰¥â·°à
æÕ≈‘‡Õ∑‘≈’π ·≈– æÕ≈‘æ√Õæ‘≈’π Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡§“¥«à“
„πÕπ“§µÕ—π„°≈âπ’Ⱥ≈‘µ¿—≥±å®“°æÕ≈‘·≈§µ‘°·Õ´‘¥
®– “¡“√∂·¢àߢ—π„π¥â“π√“§“°—∫æ≈“ µ‘°∑—Ë«‰ª„π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π‰¥â ‡π◊ËÕß®“°À≈“¬ª√–‡∑»¡’°“√ √â“ßπ‚¬∫“¬
√à«¡°—π„π°“√ π—∫ πÿπ°“√„âß“πæ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ
µà“ßÊ‚¥¬°“√„â√–∫∫¿“…’ ”À√—∫°“√º≈‘µ °“√®”Àπà“¬
·≈–°“√°”®—¥¢¬–æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡“°
√–À«à“ßæ≈“ µ‘°∑’ˉ¡à “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ
(non-biodegradable plastics) ∑’Ë¡’°“√„âß“π°—π„π
ªí®®ÿ∫—π°—∫æ≈“ µ‘°∑’Ë “¡“√∂ ≈“¬µ—«‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ
(biodegradable plastics À√◊Õ bioplastics) ∑”„Àâ
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°∑—Èß Õßπ‘¥¡’√“§“„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π
¡“°¢÷Èπ πÕ°®“°π’È°“√º≈‘µº≈‘µ¿—≥±åæ≈“ µ‘°’«¿“æ
„πª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë¡“°¢÷Èπ ∑”„À⧓¥«à“µâπ∑ÿπ°“√º≈‘µ„π
Õ𓧵®–¡’¡Ÿ≈§à“≈¥≈ßÕ’°¥â«¬
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
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70 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
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❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 71-79 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 71-79 (2011)
µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ PTCR-BaTiO 3
PTCR-BaTiO 3
Heating Element
ÿ∏√√¡ »√’À≈à¡ —° 1
·∫∫®”≈Õß°“√π”‰øøÑ“¢Õß BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬
‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ
Barium titanate (BaTiO 3
) ‡ªìπ«— ¥ÿÕ‘‡≈Á°-
∑√Õπ‘° å∑’Ë„â°—π¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß ¡’°“√π” BaTiO 3
∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡®◊Õ (doped BaTiO 3
) ‰ª„â„πß“πµà“ßÊ ¡“° ‡àπ
∑”µ—«‡ªìπª√–®ÿ∑’Ë¡’À≈“¬—Èπ (multilayer capacitors;
MLC), ·∑√π 契«‡´Õ√å (transducer) Àπ૬§«“¡®”
‡ø√å‚√Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘°·∫∫øî≈å¡∫“ß (ferroelectric thin film
memories) ·≈–µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ (heating element) À√◊Õ
µ—«√—∫√Ÿâ (sensor) œ≈œ BaTiO 3
∑’Ë∂Ÿ°‡®◊ե⫬ՖµÕ¡
À√◊Õ‰ÕÕÕπ∑’ˇªìπµ—«„Àâ (donor) ‡ªìπ‡´√“¡‘°∑’Ë¡’ ¡∫—µ‘
PTCR (positive temperature coefficient resistance)
´÷Ëß¡’ ¿“æµâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«„πà«ß
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·§∫Ê „°≈âÊ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ (Curie point; T C
)
(Capurso, 1998) ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR
∂Ÿ°§âπæ∫·≈–∫—π∑÷°‰«â§√—Èß·√°„πªï 1955 (Haayman,
1955) „π‡«≈“µàÕ¡“π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åÀ≈“¬∑à“π √â“ß·∫∫
®”≈Õß (model) À≈“¬Ê ·∫∫¡“Õ∏‘∫“¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å
PTCR „π BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬µ—«‰ÕÕÕπ„Àâ (donor doped
BaTiO 3
)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ¿“æµâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“ (electrical resistivity; ρ) µàÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ¢Õ߇´√“¡‘°∑’Ë· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ¢π“¥
§«“¡‡ªìπ PTCR (PTCR magnitude À√◊Õ PTCR jump) À“‰¥â®“°Õ—µ√“ à«π√–À«à“ß ¿“æµâ“π∑“π
‰øøÑ“ Ÿß ÿ¥ (maximum resistivity; ρ max
) µàÕ ¿“æµâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“µË” ÿ¥ (minimum resistivity; ρ min
)
1
“¢“«‘“«‘»«°√√¡‡´√“¡‘° ”π—°«‘“«‘»«°√√¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ÿ√π“√’ ®.π§√√“ ’¡“ 30000
E-mail: sutamsri@sut.ac.th

72 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
Heywang (1961, 1964) ‡ªìπºŸâ∑’ˇ πÕ·∫∫
®”≈Õß∑’ˇªìπ∑’ˬա√—∫Õ¬à“ß°«â“ߢ«“ß·∫∫·√° ‡¢“
Õ∏‘∫“¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR «à“‡°‘¥®“°°“√¡’°”·æß»—°¬å
(potential barrier) À√◊Õ—Èπªî¥ (blocking layer) ∑’Ë
¢Õ∫‡°√π (grain boundary) ´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà√–À«à“߇°√π (grains)
¢Õß BaTiO 3
‡¢“‡ πÕ«à“—Èπªî¥ (blocking layer)
¥—ß°≈à“«¡’惵‘°√√¡°“√√—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ (electron
accepting state) ¥—ßπ—Èπ¡—π®÷ß∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇÀ¡◊Õπ°—∫¥—°
§Õ¬®—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®“°Õ–µÕ¡¢Õß “√‡®◊Õµ—«„Àâ
(donor dope atom) ∑”„À⇰‘¥—Èπ¢Õß°“√æ√àÕß
Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ (electron depletion layer) ∑”„Àâ·∂∫°“√π”
(conduction band) ∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π‚§âߢ÷Èπ‡°‘¥‡ªìπ√Õ¬µàÕ
back-to-back Schottky À√◊Õ°”·æß»—°¬å (potential
barrier) ¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 §«“¡°«â“ߢÕß—Èπ¢Õß°“√
æ√àÕßÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ (electron depletion layer; d) À“‰¥â®“°
N
s
d
2N
d
(1)
‡¡◊ËÕ N s
‡ªì𧫓¡Àπ“·πàπ¢Õß ∂“π–µ—«√—∫
(acceptor state) ∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π ·≈– N d
§◊Õ §«“¡
Àπ“·πàπ¢ÕßÕ–µÕ¡¢Õß “√‡®◊Õµ—«„À⬗ߺ≈ (effective
donor atom) ¿“¬„π‡°√π
§«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß°”·æß»—°¬å (φ) À“‰¥â®“° (Cho,
2006)
eN
s
(2)
8
0
gb
N
d
‡¡◊ËÕ ε 0
, ε gb
§◊Õ ¿“æ¬Õ¡ (permittivity)
¢Õß ÿ≠≠“°“»·≈–¢Õ∫‡°√𠵓¡≈”¥—∫ ·≈– e §◊Õ
ª√–®ÿ¢ÕßÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ
‡π◊ËÕß®“° BaTiO 3
‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡ø√å‚√-
Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘° ¥—ßπ—Èπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’®÷ß¡’
惵‘°√√¡µ“¡°Æ¢Õß Curie-Weiss °≈à“«§◊Õ
gb
2
C
T
(3)
‡¡◊ËÕ T §◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ C §◊Õ §à“§ß∑’Ë¢Õß
Curie-Weiss ´÷Ëß¡’§à“ª√–¡“≥ ~120,000 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
·≈– θ §◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Curie-Weiss (Curie-Weiss
temperature) ®“° ¡°“√ (3) ·≈– ¡°“√ (2) ®–‡ÀÁπ
«à“°”·æß»—°¬å¡’§à“‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
§«“¡πà“®–‡ªìπ∑’ËÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®–¢â“¡°”·æß»—°¬å¢÷Èπ°—∫
§«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß°”·æß»—°¬å ·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ¿“æ
§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π (ρ gb
) ¢Õß PTCR-
BaTiO 3
®÷ß·ª√µ“¡§«“¡ Ÿß¢Õß°”·æß»—°¬å·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
µ“¡ ¡°“√ (Moulson, 2003)
(4)
‡¡◊ËÕ R §◊Õ §à“§ß∑’Ë ·≈– k §◊Õ §à“§ß∑’Ë
‚∫≈´‘¡—π (Boltzmann constant)
®–‰¥â«à“
gb
R exp
e
kT
·∑π (3) ‰ª„π (2) ·≈â«·∑π (2) ‰ª„π (4)
2 2
e N
s
(5)
gb
R exp
1
8
0
N
dC
T
®“° (5) ®–‡ÀÁπ«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
§Ÿ√’ ¿“槫“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß
‡≈¢’È°”≈—ß (exponentially) ‚¥¬¿“æ√«¡®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“
·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß Heywang Õ∏‘∫“¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR
«à“ ç∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ (T C
) ¿“槫“¡
µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“¢ÕߢÕ∫‡°√π‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«
‡¡◊ËÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ ¿“æ§«“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“
¢Õß«— ¥ÿ®÷߇æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß√«¥‡√Á«‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘é
·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’Ë Õß´÷ËßÕ∏‘∫“¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å
PTCR ‡ªìπ·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß Daniels (1978, 1979)
·∫∫®”≈Õßπ’ÈÕ∏‘∫“¬ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR «à“‡°‘¥®“°
°“√°√–®“¬µ—«¢Õßµ”Àπ‘ (defect) „π‘Èπß“π PTCR
‡¡◊ËÕ‡®◊Õ (dope) BaTiO 3
¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπ®”æ«°µ—«„Àâ
(donor) ‡àπ ·∑π∑’Ë Ba 2+ ‰ÕÕÕπ¥â«¬ La 3+ ‰ÕÕÕπ
À√◊Õ ·∑π Ti 4+ ‰ÕÕÕπ¥â«¬ Nb 5+ ‰ÕÕÕπ Õ“®®–‡°‘¥
µ”Àπ‘µà“ßÊ ‰¥â¥—ßµàÕ‰ªπ’È

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 73
N d
+
+
Potential barrier
+
+
+
+ +
+ +
+ +
+ + + + + + +
d
N S
-
- -
Grain boundary
Acceptor state
Conduction band
Fermi level
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 —Èπªî¥ (blocking layer) ∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π (grain boundary) µ“¡·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß Heywang (1961, 1964)
1) µ”Àπ‘Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å (electronic defect)
La
1
2 2 2 6
e
2
x x
2O3
TiO2
LaBa
Ti
Ti
OO
O2
2
2) µ”Àπ‘‰∑µ“‡π’¬¡‰ÕÕÕπ (Titanium ion defect)
La O
2
3
/ x
2TiO2
2LaBa
2TiTi
6OO
O2
3) µ”Àπ‘àÕß«à“ß·∫‡√’¬¡ (Barium vacancy defect)
La 9O
// x
2O3
3TiO2
2LaBa
VBa
3TiTi
1
2
x
O
/
Daniels (1976, 1978/1979) ∫Õ°«à“¢≥–∑’Ë
‡º“ºπ÷° (sinter) „π∫√√¬“°“»·∫∫ÕÕ°´‘‡¥—π BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ®–¡’µ”Àπ‘À≈—°‡ªìπµ”Àπ‘
Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√Õπ‘° å (electronic defect) ´÷Ëß∑”„À⇰‘¥
Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®”π«π¡“°‡ªìπæ“À–ª√–®ÿ (Hill, 1991)
µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈ß¡“µ”Àπ‘À≈—°¢Õß BaTiO 3
∑’Ë
‡®◊ե⫬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ®–‡ªìπàÕß«à“ß·∫‡√’¬¡ (Barium
//
vacancy defect; V Ba ) ·≈–µ”Àπ‘¥—ß°≈à“«®–¡’®”π«π
¡“°¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈߉ª‡√◊ËÕ¬Ê µàÕ¡“àÕß«à“ß
·∫‡√’¬¡ (Barium vacancy defect) ´÷Ë߇°‘¥∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π
®–·æ√ஓ°¢Õ∫‡°√π‡¢â“‰ª„π‡°√π ·µà‡π◊ËÕß®“°µ”Àπ‘
π‘¥π’È·æ√à (diffuse) ‰¥ââ“¡“°®÷ß¡—°®–‰¡à “¡“√∂·æ√à
‡¢â“‰ª„π‡°√π‰¥âÀ¡¥ à«π„À≠à®÷߬—ߧ߇°“–°—πÕ¬Ÿà
µ“¡¢Õ∫‡°√π Õ“®®–¡Õß—Èπ¢Õßµ”Àπ‘π‘¥π’È«à“‡ªìπ
—Èπ¢Õß©π«πÀÿâ¡√Õ∫Ê ‡°√π ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 3a Daniels
(1976, 1991) Õ∏‘∫“¬µàÕ‰ª«à“—Èπ¢Õß©π«ππ’È¡’
惵‘°√√¡‡ªìπµ—«√—∫ (acceptor) ∑”Àπâ“∑’Ë®—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ
®“°‡π◊ÈÕ “√ (bulk) ·≈–∑”„À⇰‘¥°”·æß»—°¬å¢«“ß°—Èπ
°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¢Õßæ“À–ª√–®ÿ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 3b

74 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 a) ‡°√π (grain) ·≈–¢Õ∫‡°√π (grain boundary) µ“¡·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß Daniels (1976, 1978, 1979)
b) °”·æß»—°¬å (potential barrier) ∑’Ë—Èπ¢Õ∫‡°√π (grain boundary layer) (∑’Ë¡“: ª√—∫ª√ÿß®“° Hill,
1991)
®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ ∑—Èß Daniels ·≈– Heywang µà“ß
‡ÀÁπ«à“¢Õ∫‡°√π¢Õß BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬µ—«„Àâ (donor
doped BaTiO 3
) ∑”Àπâ“∑’ˇªìπµ—«√—∫ (acceptor) ¢—¥¢«“ß
°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¢ÕßÕ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ®÷ß
¢÷Èπ°—∫§«“¡Àπ“¢ÕߢÕ∫‡°√π ª°µ‘·≈⫧«“¡Àπ“
¢ÕߢÕ∫‡°√π®–¢÷Èπ°—∫ªí®®—¬À≈“¬ª√–°“√ (Alles,
1989; LaCourse, 1995; Kulwicki, 1981) ‡àπ ª√‘¡“≥
‰ÕÕÕπ¢ÕßÕ–µÕ¡µ—«„Àâ∑’ˇ®◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’ˇº“ºπ÷°
∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ë„â°“√‡º“ºπ÷°·≈–Õ—µ√“‡√Á«∑’Ë≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
‘Èπß“π≈ß¡“ (cooling rate) ‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª·≈â«°“√≈¥
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈ß¡“‡√Á«Ê ®–‰¥â¢Õ∫‡°√π∫“ßÊ ∑”„Àâ‘Èπß“π
∑’ˉ¥â· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ‰¥â¥’°«à“°“√≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈ß
¡“Õ¬à“ßâ“Ê (Cho, 2006)
·∫∫®”≈Õß·∫∫ ÿ¥∑⓬‡ªìπ·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß
Jonker (1964, 1982) Õ∏‘∫“¬«à“ BaTiO 3
‡ªìπ “√
ª√–°Õ∫®”æ«°‡ø√å‚√Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘° ¥—ßπ—Èπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”
°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’¢Õß BaTiO 3
®÷ß¡’‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡Õß
(spontaneous polarization) ¿“¬„πº≈÷°¢Õß BaTiO 3
·≈–¿“¬„πº≈÷°Àπ÷ËßÊ ¢Õß BaTiO 3
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
À≈“¬Ê ‚¥‡¡π (domain) ´÷Ëß¿“¬„π·µà≈–‚¥‡¡π¡’°“√®—¥
‡√’¬ß‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‰ª„π∑‘»‡¥’¬«°—π¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 4a ¥—ßπ—Èπ
‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π ÿ∑∏‘√–À«à“߇°√π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿàµ‘¥°—π®–∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥ª√–®ÿ∑’˺‘« (surface charge) ¢ÕߢÕ∫‡°√π ¥—ß
· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 4b ‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π ÿ∑∏‘®–∑”„À⇰√π∑’Ë¡’
∑—ÈßÀ¡¥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¡’ª√–®ÿ∫«°∑’˺‘«·≈–‡°√π∑’ˇÀ≈◊ÕÕ’°
§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß¡’ª√–®ÿ≈∫∑’˺‘« Jonker Õ∏‘∫“¬Õ’°«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ª√–®ÿ≈∫∑’˺‘«®–À—°≈â“ßÀ√◊Õ¥‡¬
°”·æß»—°¬å∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°àÕß«à“ߢÕß·∫‡√’¬¡
(Barium vacancies) ‡ªìπº≈„Àâ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
§Ÿ√’ BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ¡’§«“¡µâ“π∑“π
‰øøÑ“µË” Õπ÷Ëߪ√–®ÿ∫«°∑’˺‘«‰¡à¡’º≈µàÕ°“√π”‰øøÑ“
‡æ√“–Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ®–«‘Ë߉ªµ“¡∑“ß∑’Ë¡’°”·æß»—°¬åµË”
Õ¬Ÿà·≈â« µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕ‡æ‘Ë¡Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢÷Èπ‰ª Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
§Ÿ√’ BaTiO 3
®–‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫®”æ«°æ“√“
Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘°´÷Ë߉¡à¡’‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡Õß (spontaneous
polarization) ¥—ßπ—Èπ°”·æß»—°¬å∑’Ë¢Õ∫‡°√π®÷߉¡à∂Ÿ°
À—°≈â“ß ∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ¡’§«“¡
µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“ ŸßÊ ‡Àµÿ°“√≥套߰≈à“«‡°‘¥‰¥â‡√Á«¡“°
‡¡◊ËÕ„À⧫“¡√âÕπ·°à BaTiO 3
ºà“πÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ ¥—ßπ—Èπ
BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ®÷ß· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR
¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 75
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 a) ‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡Õß (spontaneous polarization) „π‚¥‡¡π¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡ø√å‚√Õ‘‡≈Á°∑√‘°
b) ª√–®ÿ∑’˺‘«¢Õ߇°√π (surface charge) ´÷Ë߇°‘¥®“°º≈√«¡¢Õß‚æ≈“‰√‡´—π‡°‘¥‡ÕߢÕ߇°√π∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà
µ‘¥°—π
(¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°: Huybrechs, 1995)
π—°«‘∑¬“»“ µ√åπ” PTCR- BaTiO 3
‰ª„â
∑”µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ (heating element) ∑’˵—¥‰ø‡Õ߉¥â
‚¥¬Õ—µ‚π¡—µ‘‰¡àµâÕß„â«ß®√‰øøÑ“ ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬À≈—°°“√
∑’Ë«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ
¡’ ¿“槫“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“„πµ—«‰¡à¡“° ®÷߬ա„Àâ
‰øøÑ“«‘Ëߺà“πµ—«¡—π·≈â«„À⧫“¡√âÕπÕÕ°¡“‡À¡◊Õπ
°—∫‰ âÀ≈Õ¥‰øøÑ“ µàÕ¡“‡¡◊ËÕµ—«¢Õß¡—π¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß
¢÷Èπ®π°√–∑—Ëß Ÿß°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’ PTCR- BaTiO 3
®–¡’
¿“槫“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“ Ÿß¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ß∑—π∑’À≈“¬æ—π‡∑à“
∑”„Àâ‰øøÑ“«‘Ëߺà“πµ—«¡—π‰¡à‰¥â ¡—π®÷ßÀ¬ÿ¥„À⧫“¡
√âÕπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘®÷ߵ˔≈ß ·≈–®–„À⧫“¡√âÕπÕÕ°¡“Õ’°∑’
‡¡◊ËÕµ—«¡—π¡’Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”°«à“Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Ÿ√’
º≈¢Õß°“√‡µ‘¡‰ÕÕÕπµ—«√—∫„π PTCR-BaTiO 3
ºŸâº≈‘µ PTCR ®“° BaTiO 3
∑’ˇµ‘¡ “√‡®◊Õµ—«
„Àâ¡—°®–‡µ‘¡‰ÕÕÕπÀ√◊ÕÕ–µÕ¡¢Õß∏“µÿ·∑√π´‘—π
≈߉ª„π à«πº ¡¥â«¬ ‡æ√“–®“°ß“π«‘®—¬æ∫«à“°“√
‡µ‘¡Õ–µÕ¡¢Õß∏“µÿ·∑√π´‘—π∫“ßµ—« ‡àπ Fe, Cr ·≈–
Mn ‡¢â“‰ª„π BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„À⮖૬
‡æ‘Ë¡ ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ‰¥â¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
‰ÕÕÕπ¢Õß∏“µÿ·∑√π´‘—π∑’ˇµ‘¡≈߉ªπ—Èπ¡’‡«‡≈π´’
µË”°«à“‰ÕÕÕπ¢Õß BaTiO 3
®÷ß∂◊Õ«à“°“√‡µ‘¡‰ÕÕÕπ¢Õß
∏“µÿ∑√“π´‘—π‡ªìπ°“√‡®◊Õ BaTiO 3
¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπµ—«√—∫
Ueoka (1974) Õ∏‘∫“¬°“√‡µ‘¡ Mn 2+ ≈߉ª„π BaTiO 3
«à“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ŸßÊ °“√‡µ‘¡ Mn 2+ ®–∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3
ª√—∫
ª√–®ÿ„Àâ ¡¥ÿ≈‚¥¬°“√‡°‘¥àÕß«à“ߢÕßÕÕ°´‘‡®π
(oxygen vacancies; ) Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ®–¡’®”π«π
≈¥≈߇¡◊ËÕ≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘≈ß¡“∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß„π∫√√¬“°“»
ª°µ‘ ∑”„Àâ Mn 2+ ´÷Ëß∂Ÿ°‡µ‘¡‡¢â“‰ª·∑π∑’Ë Ti 4+ „π
BaTiO 3
‡ª≈’Ë¬π‡«‡≈π´’‡ªìπ Mn 3+ À√◊Õ Mn 4+ ‡æ◊ËÕ√—°…“
¡¥ÿ≈¢Õߪ√–®ÿ¢Õß√–∫∫ Mn ‰ÕÕÕπ∑’Ë¡’‡«‡≈π´’ ŸßÊ
‡À≈à“π’È®–∑”Àπâ“∑’˧լ®—∫Õ‘‡≈Á°µ√Õπ∑”„Àâ°”·æß»—°¬å
µ“¡·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß Heywang Ÿß¢÷Èπ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√‡µ‘¡
Mn 2+ ‡¢â“‰ª®÷ß∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬µ—«„Àâ· ¥ß
¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ Õ“®®–‡¢’¬π ¡°“√‡§¡’¢Õß
°“√‡°‘¥µ”À𑵓¡§”Õ∏‘∫“¬¢Õß Ueoka ‰¥â¥—ßπ’È

76 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 ¿“槫“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“µàÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊Õ‰ÕÕÕπµ—«„Àâ∑’ˇµ‘¡ Mn, Cr À√◊Õ Si ®“°¿“æ
®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ Mn ∑’ˇµ‘¡à«¬‡æ‘Ë¡ PTCR ¢÷Èπ‰ª‡ªìπ 10 7 (∑’Ë¡“: Ueoka, 1974)
º≈¢Õß°“√‡µ‘¡‰Õ‚´‡«‡≈π´å‰ÕÕÕπ (isovalence)
„π PTCR-BaTiO 3
°“√·∑π∑’Ë Ba 2+ „π BaTiO 3
¥â«¬‰ÕÕÕπ∑’Ë¡’
‡«‡≈π´’ 2+ ‡∑à“°—π ‡àπ Sr 2+ , Pb 2+ , Ca 2 ®–∑”„Àâ°“√
‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß‚§√ß √â“ߺ≈÷°®“°º≈÷°·∫∫‡∑∑√–‚°π—≈
(tetragonal) ‰ª‡ªìπº≈÷°·∫∫≈Ÿ°∫“»°å (cubic) ‡°‘¥
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈„ÀâÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’ˇ°‘¥
ª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ‡ª≈’Ë¬π‰ª¥â«¬¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 6
®“°√Ÿª®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ °“√·∑π∑’Ë Ba 2+ ¥â«¬ Sr 2+ ®–∑”„Àâ
BaTiO 3
· ¥ßª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µË”≈ß „π
∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡°“√·∑π∑’Ë Ba 2+ ¥â«¬ Pb 2+ ®–∑”„Àâ
BaTiO 3
· ¥ßª√“°Ø°“√≥å PTCR ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß¢÷Èπ
®÷ßÕ“®®–‡≈◊Õ°‡µ‘¡‰Õ‚´‡«‡≈π´å‰ÕÕÕπ‡æ◊ËÕ§«∫§ÿ¡„Àâ
PTCR- BaTiO 3
∑’Ë„â∑”µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ (heating
element) µ—¥‰ø∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’˵âÕß°“√‰¥â

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 77
√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 ¿“槫“¡µâ“π∑“π‰øøÑ“µàÕÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß BaTiO 3
∑’ˇ®◊ե⫬ Sr ·≈– Pb (∑’Ë¡“: Andrich, 1965-1966)
“√‡µ‘¡·µàß૬„π°“√‡º“ºπ÷° PTCR-BaTiO 3
„π°“√∑” PTCR ®“° BaTiO 3
Õ“®®–„ à “√
‡µ‘¡·µàß (additive) ∫“ßπ‘¥≈߉ªà«¬≈¥Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‡º“
ºπ÷°¢Õß BaTiO 3
“√‡À≈à“π’Ȭ—ß “¡“√∂૬∑”„À⇰‘¥
°“√‡º“ºπ÷°·∫∫‡ø ¢Õ߇À≈« (liquid phase sintering)
‰¥â¥â«¬ “√‡µ‘¡·µàß∑’Ë‚√ßß“πº≈‘µ PTCR π‘¬¡‡µ‘¡‰ª
૬„π°“√‡º“ºπ÷° BaTiO 3
∑’Ë„âß“π∑“ß PTCR ‡ªìπ
¢Õߺ ¡√–À«à“ß Al 2
O 3
SiO 2
·≈– TiO 2
‡√’¬°«à“ AST
system (Matsuo, 1968; Bomlai, 2005)
µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√„â PTCR-BaTiO 3
µ—«Õ¬à“ß°“√π” PTCR-BaTiO 3
‰ª„â ‰¥â·°à
°“√𔉪∑”µ—«∑”§«“¡√âÕπ„π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 7
º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕߧåª√–°Õ∫∑“߇§¡’¢Õß‘Èπ PTCR
®“°‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡ Õ߇§√◊ËÕߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕ߇հ´å‡√¬å
ø≈ŸÕÕ‡√ ‡´π´å (X-ray fluorescent) · ¥ß„πµ“√“ß
∑’Ë 1 ®“°µ“√“ß®–‡ÀÁπ«à“‘Èπ PTCR „π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¡’
∏“µÿ Ba, Pb ·≈– Ti ‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫À≈—° Ba ·≈–
Ti §ß‡ªìπ à«πº ¡À≈—°„π BaTiO 3
π—Èπ‡Õß à«π Pb
πà“®–‡ªìπÕ–µÕ¡¢Õ߉Ղ´‡«‡≈π´å∑’ˇµ‘¡≈߉ª‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ
PTCR-BaTiO 3
· ¥ß惵‘°√√¡ PTCR ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
ª√–¡“≥ 200-250 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇧√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡
µ—¥‰ø∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘‰¡àµË”‡°‘π‰ª ‡æ√“– BaTiO 3
∑’ˉ¡à‰¥â
‡µ‘¡ Pb ®–· ¥ß惵‘°√√¡ PTCR µ—¥‰ø∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
ª√–¡“≥ 120 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ (¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 6) ´÷Ëß
µË”‡°‘π‰ª∑’Ë®–„âß“π„π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡ πÕ°®“°π’È PTCR
„π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¬—ߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Õ–µÕ¡¢Õß∏“µÿNb Õ’°
¥â«¬´÷Ëߧ߇ªìπÕ–µÕ¡¢Õß “√‡®◊Õµ—«„Àâ (donor dope)
∑’ˇµ‘¡≈߉ª‡æ◊ËÕ∑”„Àâ BaTiO 3
· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR µ“¡
·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’Ë°≈à“«‰ª·≈â«π—Èπ‡Õß Õπ÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ PTCR
„π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡¬—ߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬∏“µÿFe Õ’°¥â«¬ ´÷ËߺŸâº≈‘µ
§ß®–‡µ‘¡ Fe ≈߉ª‡ªìπ “√‡®◊Õµ—«√—∫ (acceptor dope)
‡æ◊ËÕ°√–µÿâπ„Àâ BaTiO 3
· ¥ß ¡∫—µ‘ PTCR ¡“°¬‘Ëߢ÷Èπ
π—Èπ‡Õß ÿ¥∑⓬®–‡ÀÁπ«à“ PTCR „π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬∏“µÿ Si ·≈– Al ¥â«¬´÷ËßÕ“®®–‡ªìπ “√
‡µ‘¡·µàß∑’˺Ÿâº≈‘µ„ à‡¢â“‰ª‡æ◊ËÕ૬„π°“√‡º“ºπ÷°π—Èπ‡Õß
à«π Ca ∑’Ëæ∫„π PTCR ¢Õ߇§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡π—Èπ¬—߉¡à∑√“∫
·πà—¥«à“∑”Àπâ“∑’ËÕ–‰√„π‡´√“¡‘°·∫∫π’È

78 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
(a)
(b)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 7 a) ‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡ b) ‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡∑’Ë∂Õ¥‡ªìπ‘ÈπÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ· ¥ß‘Èπ‡´√“¡‘° PTCR-BaTiO ∑’Ë„â∑”‡ªìπµ—«
∑”§«“¡√âÕπ (heating element)
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 Õߧåª√–°Õ∫∑“߇§¡’¢Õß‘Èπ PTCR-BaTiO 3
∑’Ë„â„π‡§√◊ËÕß√’¥º¡
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫ ‘Èπµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë 1 ‘Èπµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë 2
Barium oxide (BaO) 44.5 43.8
Lead oxide (PbO) 23.9 25.7
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2
) 27.9 27.9
Silica (SiO 2
) 1.03 1.07
Alumina (Al 2
O 3
) 1.18 0.52
Calcium oxide (CaO) 0.34 0.4
Ferric oxide (Fe 2
O 3
) 0.26 0
Niobium Pentoxide (Nb 2
O 5
) 0.21 0.17
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Alles, A. B., Amarakoon, V. W. and Burdick, V. L.
(1989). Positive Temperature Coefficient of
Resistivity Effect in Undoped,Atmospherically
Reduced Barium Titanate. J. Am. Ceram.
Soc. 72(1): 148-51.
Andrich, E. (1965-66). Properties and Applications
of PTC Thermistors. Electronic Application.
26(3): 123.
Bomlai, P., Sirikurat, N., Brown, A. and Milne, S.
(2005). Effects of TiO 2
and SiO 2
additions
on Phase Formation, Microstructures and
PTCR Characteristics of Sb-doped Barium
Strontium Titanate Ceramics. J. Euro. Ceram.
Soc. 25: 1905-1918.
Capurso, J. S. and Schulze, W. A. (1998).
Piezoresistivity in PTCR Barium Titanate
Ceramics: I, Experimental Findings. J. Am.
Cer. Soc. 81(2): 337-46.

∫∑§«“¡
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Cho, S. H. (2006). Theoretical Aspects of PTC
Thermistors. J. of the Korean Ceramic
Society. 43(11): 673-679.
Daniels, J., Hardtl, K. H. and Wernicke, R. (1978-
79). The PTC Effect of Barium Titanate.
Philips Tech Rev. 38(3): 73-82.
Daniels, J. and Hardtl, K. H. (1976). Part I Electrical
Conductivity at High Temperature of Donor
Doped Barium Titanate Ceramics. Philips
Res. Repts. 31: 489-504.
Haayman, P. W., Dam, R. W. and Klasens, H. A.
(1955). Method of Preparation of
Semiconducting Materials. West German
Pat. No. 929 350, June 23.
Heywang, W. (1961). Barium titanate as a
Semiconductor with Blocking Layers. Solid
State Electron 3(1): 51-58.
Heywang, W. (1964). Resistivity Anomaly in Doped
Barium Titanate. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 47(10):
484-490.
Hill, D. C. and Tuller, H. L. (1991). Ceramic
Sensors: Theory and Practice. in Ceramic
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Properties and Applications (2 nd edition)
edited by Buchanan, R. C. Marcel Dekker
Inc., 249-347.
Hubrechts, B., Ishizaki K. and Takata, M. (1995).
Review the Positive Temperature Coefficient
of Resistivity in Barium Titanate. J. Mater.
Sci. 30: 2463-74.
Jonker, G. H. (1964). Some Aspects of
Semiconducting Barium Titanate. Solid State
Electron. 7: 895-903.
Jonker, G. H. and Havinga, E. E. (1982). The
Influence of Foreign Atoms on the Crystal
Lattice of Barium Titanate. Mater. Res. Bull.
17: 345-350.
Kulwicki, B. M. (1981). PTC Material Technology
1955-1980. in Advanced in Ceramics
Vol. 1, Grain Boundary Phenomena in
Electronic Ceramics. edited by Levinson,
L. M. Columbus, Ohio: American Ceramic
Society. 138-54.
LaCourse, B. C. and Amarakoon, V. W. (1995).
Characterization of the Firing Schedule
for Positive Temperature Coefficient of
Resistance BaTiO 3
. J. Am. Ceram. Soc.
78(12): 3352-3356.
Matsuo, Y., Fujimura, M., Sasahi, H., Nagase, K.
and Hayakawa, S. (1968). Semiconducting
BaTiO 3
with Al 2
O 3
SiO 2
and TiO 2
. Am.
Ceram. Soc. Bull. 47: 292-297.
Moulson, A. J. and Herbert, J. M. (2003).
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❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 80-95 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 80-95 (2011)
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õߺ≈º≈‘µ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
‡¡≈≈“√奢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
Antioxidant Activity of Maillard Reaction Product
from Chitosan and Sugar
πæ√—µπå ¡–‡À 1* ºÿ ¥’ ¡ÿÀ–À¡—¥ 2 ·≈– Õÿ‰√«√√≥ «—≤π°ÿ≈ 1
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’È»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õߺ≈º≈‘µ¢Õߪؑ°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√奮“° ‰§‚µ·´π
·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ 6 π‘¥ §◊Õ °≈Ÿ‚§ ø√ÿ°‚µ ·≈§‚µ Õ–√“∫‘‚π ¡Õ≈‚µ ·≈– °“·≈§‚µ ‚¥¬µ√«®«—¥§«“¡
“¡“√∂„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) ·≈–°“√«—¥ reducing power µ√«®«—¥
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ´÷Ëߧ◊Õº≈º≈‘µªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥ ·≈–À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ
∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ°—∫§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– ´÷Ëߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õß∑—Èß Õß«‘∏’„Àâº≈ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—π
§◊Õ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ∑ÿ°π‘¥®–¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– Ÿß°«à“‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê ‚¥¬ “√ª√–°Õ∫
‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π ·≈– “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ ¡’
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– Ÿß°«à“ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢ÕßπÈ”µ“≈π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ ‚¥¬¡’§à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√
∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ§à“ % radical scavenging activity ≈¥≈ß√âÕ¬≈– 50 (IC 50
) ‡∑à“°—∫ 26.38 °√—¡/¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈– 28.50
°√—¡/¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ à«π§à“ Antiradical Efficiency ‡∑à“°—∫ 0.03791 ·≈– 0.03509 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ “√ª√–°Õ∫
‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ ¡’§à“ reducing power ∑’ˉ¡à·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p>0.05) ‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫
BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole) §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß°—∫°“√‡°‘¥ “√
’πÈ”µ“≈ (A 420
) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ final stage ¢Õߪؑ°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß¡’§«“¡‡ªìπ‰ª‰¥â„π°“√π” “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ
¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈¡“„⇪ìπµ—«‡≈◊Õ°Àπ÷ËߢÕß “√®“°∏√√¡“µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ„â∑¥·∑π “√‡µ‘¡·µàß„πÕ“À“√∑’ˉ¥â
®“°°“√ —߇§√“–Àå
1
§≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√ª√–¡ß ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√“¡ß§≈»√’«‘—¬ Õ. ‘‡°“ ®.µ√—ß 92150
2
§≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬ ߢ≈“π§√‘π∑√å Õ.À“¥„À≠à ®. ߢ≈“ 90112
* Corresponding Author, E-mail: mnopparat@hotmail.com

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 81
Abstract
Antioxidant activity of maillard reaction products from chitosan and six types of sugar including
glucose, fructose, lactose, arabinose, maltose, and galactose was investigated. Antioxidant property was
measured the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging capacity and measurement of
reducing power. The chitosan-sugar complex or maillard reaction product was measured and its correlation
with antioxidant property was evaluated. Two methods of antioxidant property measurement showed similar
profiles of antioxidant activity. All of the chitosan-sugar complex exhibited better antioxidant activity than
chitosan. The chitosan-arabinose complex and the chitosan-galactose complex showed the most effective,
compared to other sugar complex. The concentration that cause 50% inhibition (IC 50
) of chitosan-arabinose
complex and chitosan-galactose complex were determined to be 26.38 g/ml and 28.50 g/ml, respectively,
while antiradical efficiency were 0.03791 and 0.03509 , respectively. Reducing power of chitosan-galactose
complex was not statistically significant (p>0.05), compared with BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole). High
correlation between antioxidant activity and browning polymer (A 420
), final stage of maillard reaction, was
observed. Therefore, chitosan-sugar complexes may be use as alternative natural products for synthetic food
additive replacement.
§” ”§—≠ : ‰§‚µ·´π ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥ “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
Keywords : Chitosan, Maillard reaction, Antioxidant
∫∑π”
ªí®®ÿ∫—𧫓¡ π„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫ “√‡µ‘¡·µàß
„πÕ“À“√∑’˺≈‘µ®“°∏√√¡“µ‘¡’§«“¡ π„®‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°
¢÷Èπ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õ—πµ√“¬®“° “√‡µ‘¡·µàß„πÕ“À“√∑’ˉ¥â
®“°°“√ —߇§√“–Àå ‰§‚µ·´π‡ªìπ«— ¥ÿ®“°∏√√¡“µ‘
Õ’°π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ë¡’°“√π”¡“„⇪ìπ “√‡µ‘¡·µàß„πÕ“À“√
‡àπ „⇪ìπ “√„À⧫“¡Àπ◊¥ “√„À⧫“¡§ßµ—«
Õ‘¡—≈´‘ø“¬‡ÕÕ√å “√૬‡°Á∫√—°…“°≈‘Ëπ “√૬„Àâ
πÈ”º≈‰¡â„ ·≈– “√૬„Àâ ’§ßµ—«‡ªìπµâπ (Shahidi,
2007) ‰§‚µ·´π‡ªìπæ«°‚æ≈’Õ–¡‘‚π·´§§“‰√¥å
(polyaminosaccharide) ´÷Ë߉¥â®“°°√–∫«π°“√°”®—¥À¡Ÿà
Õ–´‘µ‘≈ (deacetylation) ¢Õ߉§µ‘π ∑”„ÀâÀ¡ŸàÕ–´‘µ“‰¡¥å
(acetamide group) ¢Õ߉§µ‘π ∂Ÿ°‡ª≈’ˬπ‡ªìπÀ¡Ÿà
Õ–¡‘‚π (amino group,-NH 2
) ‰§‚µ·´π¡’‚§√ß √â“ß∑’Ë
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬Àπ૬¬àÕ¬¢Õß D-°≈Ÿ‚§´“¡’π
(D-glucosamine) ‡ªìπ’«‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’ ’¢“« ‰¡à¡’°≈‘Ëπ
·≈–¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ (Singh and Ray, 1994;
Qurashi et al., 1992) ‰§‚µ·´π¡’§«“¡‡ªìπæ‘…µË”
§à“ LD 50
¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π ®“°°“√∑¥≈Õߥ⫬ÀπŸ„π
ÀâÕߪؑ∫—µ‘°“√ ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 16 °√—¡/°‘‚≈°√—¡ ¢Õß
πÈ”Àπ—°√à“ß°“¬ ´÷Ëß¡’§à“„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫‡°≈◊Õ·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
(Kroschwitz, 1990)
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–Õπÿæ—π∏å¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π‡ªìπ
·À≈àߢÕß “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–Õ’°·À≈àßÀπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¥â√—∫
§«“¡ π„®‡π◊ËÕß®“°‰§‚µ·´π¡’§«“¡ª≈Õ¥¿—¬
“¡“√∂¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬‰¥â∑“ß’«¿“æ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√
µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π®–¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫πÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈·≈–§«“¡Àπ◊¥ ‚¥¬‰§‚µ·´π∑’Ë¡’πÈ”Àπ—°
‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈µË”·≈–§«“¡Àπ◊¥µË”®–¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“π
Õπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– Ÿß (Kamil et al., 2002; Xie et al., 2001)
®“°°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π´÷Ëß °—¥‰¥â®“°‡ÀÁ¥ shiitake æ∫«à“¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
∑’Ë¥’„π°“√‡ªìπ “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– ‚¥¬‡©æ“–§«“¡
“¡“√∂„π°“√®—∫Õπÿ¡Ÿ≈‰Œ¥√Õ°´‘≈ ·≈–§«“¡ “¡“√∂
„π°“√®—∫‡øÕ√— ‰ÕÕÕπ (Yen et al., 2007)

82 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√奇°‘¥®“°°“√√«¡µ—«°—π
√–À«à“ßÀ¡Ÿà§“√å∫Õπ‘≈¢Õß reducing sugar À√◊Õ
Õ—≈¥’‰Œπå À√◊Õ §’‚µπ °—∫À¡Ÿà‡Õ¡’π¢Õß°√¥Õ–¡‘‚π À√◊Õ
‚ª√µ’π À√◊Õ “√ª√–°Õ∫‰π‚µ√‡®π ´÷ËߪƑ°‘√‘¬“¥—ß
°≈à“«‡ªìπªØ‘°‘√‘¬“Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πÕ“À“√ (Hodge and
Rist, 1953) ”À√—∫º≈‘µ¿—≥±å®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥
¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π¡’°“√»÷°…“„π°ã«¬‡µ’ά« ¥ ´÷Ë߇µ√’¬¡
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥ (Maillard reaction
product, MRP) ‚¥¬º ¡‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈‰´‚≈
„π —¥ à«π 1:1.5 (w/w) ª√—∫æ’‡Õ·≈â«π”‰ª„À⧫“¡
√âÕπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 90 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ®π§√∫ 60 —Ë«‚¡ß
®“°π—Èππ” MRP ∑’ˉ¥â¡“º ¡°—∫·ªÑß∑’Ë„âº≈‘µ°ã«¬‡µ’ά«
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑’ˇ°‘¥®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
‡¡≈≈“√奢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–‰´‚≈ “¡“√∂¬◊¥Õ“¬ÿ
¢Õ߰㫬‡µ’ά«‰¥â (Huang et al., 2007) πÕ°®“°π—Èπ
Kanatt et al. (2008) æ∫«à“°“√𔉧‚µ·´π¡“∑”„Àâ
‡°‘¥ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ°—∫°≈Ÿ‚§ (chitosan glucose
complex) ®–∑”„Àâ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
·≈–§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß®ÿ≈‘π∑√’¬å¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ
¥’¢÷Èπ°«à“‰§‚µ·´πª°µ‘ ´÷Ëߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å “√ª√–°Õ∫
‡‘ß´âÕπ∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡ªìπº≈º≈‘µ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥
°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’È¡’®ÿ¥ª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕ»÷°…“
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈‚¥¬„âπÈ”µ“≈ 6 π‘¥ §◊Õ °≈Ÿ‚§
ø√ÿ°‚µ ·≈§‚µ Õ–√“∫‘‚π ¡Õ≈‚µ ·≈–
°“·≈§‚µ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√π” “√ª√–°Õ∫
‡‘ß´âÕπ®“°πÈ”µ“≈¥—ß°≈à“«¡“„â∑¥·∑π “√‡µ‘¡·µàß
„πÕ“À“√∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√ —߇§√“–ÀåµàÕ‰ª
«‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß
°“√‡µ√’¬¡ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
‡µ√’¬¡ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π
·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ µ“¡«‘∏’°“√¢Õß Kanatt et al. (2008) ‚¥¬
𔉧‚µ·´π¡“≈–≈“¬„π “√≈–≈“¬°√¥Õ–´‘µ‘°§«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ√âÕ¬≈– 1 ®“°π—Èππ” “√≈–≈“¬‰§‚µ·´π∑’Ë
‡µ√’¬¡‰«â¡“∑”°“√ autoclave °—∫πÈ”µ“≈§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
√âÕ¬≈– 1 ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 15 π“∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“
‡¡≈≈“√å¥ ”À√—∫πÈ”µ“≈∑’Ë„â„π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È®–
ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬πÈ”µ“≈®”π«π 6 π‘¥ §◊Õ °≈Ÿ‚§
ø√ÿ°‚µ ·≈§‚µ Õ–√“∫‘‚π ¡Õ≈‚µ ·≈–
°“·≈§‚µ
”À√—∫√âÕ¬≈– 100 “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ„π
°“√∑¥≈Õߧ√—Èßπ’ȇ°‘¥®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õß°“√≈–≈“¬πÈ”µ“≈
1 °√—¡ „π “√≈–≈“¬√âÕ¬≈– 1 ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π„π°√¥
Õ–´‘µ‘°§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ√âÕ¬≈– 1 ª√‘¡“µ√ 100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
·≈â«„À⧫“¡√âÕπ
°“√»÷°…“°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈
«—¥°“√‡°‘¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Ajandouz
et al. (2001) ‚¥¬∑”°“√«—¥ UV-absorbance ·≈–
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈ (browning intensity)
¢Õß “√º ¡√–À«à“߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
À√◊Õ‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß §«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ
294 π“‚π‡¡µ√ ”À√—∫¢—Èπ°“√‡°‘¥ “√µ—«°≈“ß
(intermediate stages) ¢Õß nonenzymatic browning
reaction ·≈– 420 π“‚π‡¡µ√ ”À√—∫¢—Èπ ÿ¥∑⓬
(final stage) ¢Õß nonenzymatic browning reaction
∑”°“√‡®◊Õ®“ß®π‰¥â§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ °“√«—¥§à“
°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑”°“√«—¥ 3 §√—Èß √“¬ß“πº≈‡ªìπ§à“‡©≈’ˬ
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–‚¥¬
µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂„π°“√®—∫ 2,2-diphenyl-1-
picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (DPPH Radical Scavenging
Capacity) µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Singh et al. (2002)
µ√«® Õ∫§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¥â«¬«‘∏’
measurement of reducing power µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Oyaizu
(1986) ‚¥¬»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π πÈ”µ“≈ ·≈– “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π°—∫πÈ”µ“≈∑—Èß 6 π‘¥

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 83
1. °“√«—¥ Radical Scavenging Activity
‚¥¬„â DPPH Method
µ√«® Õ∫°‘®°√√¡¢Õß “√µâ“πÕÕ°´‘‡¥—π
¥â«¬«‘∏’ 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl Radical
Scavenging Capacity Assay ‚¥¬¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°«‘∏’¢Õß
Singh et al. (2002) ‡µ√’¬¡ “√≈–≈“¬µ—«Õ¬à“ߧ«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ·µ°µà“ß°—πÀ≈“¬§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ ‚¥¬‡®◊Õ®“ß “√
µ—«Õ¬à“ߥ⫬πÈ”°≈—Ëπ ªî‡ªµ “√µ—«Õ¬à“ß·µà≈–§«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ¡“ 100 ‰¡‚§√≈‘µ√ ‡µ‘¡ “√≈–≈“¬ DPPH (2,2-
Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.1
¡‘≈≈‘‚¡≈“√å ª√‘¡“µ√ 5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡¢¬à“Õ¬à“ß√ÿπ·√ß ∑‘Èß
‰«â 20 π“∑’ ·≈â«®÷ß𔉪«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’Ë
§«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 517 π“‚π‡¡µ√ ·≈â«®÷ßπ”§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π
· ß∑’ˉ¥â§”π«≥‡ªìπ % radical scavenging activity
¥—ß ¡°“√∑’Ë 1 ”À√—∫ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡„âπÈ”°≈—Ëπ·∑π
µ—«Õ¬à“ß π”§à“ % radical scavenging activity ∑’Ë
√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµà“ßÊ ¡“ √â“ß°√“ø ‡æ◊ËÕ§”π«≥À“
§à“§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ °—¥ (°√—¡/µ—«Õ¬à“ß 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√)
∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ§à“ % radical scavenging activity
≈¥≈ß√âÕ¬≈– 50 (IC 50
) ·≈â«π”§à“ IC 50
¡“§”π«≥
‡ªìπ§à“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ°“√‡ªìπ “√µâ“πÕÕ°´‘‡¥—π
(Antiradical Efficiency, AE) ¥—ß ¡°“√∑’Ë 2
control OD OD
% radical scavenging activity
sample 100 ----
control OD
1
‡¡◊ËÕ control OD = §à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ߧ«∫§ÿ¡
sample OD = §à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ߢÕß “√µ—«Õ¬à“ß
1
AE
---- 2
IC 50
‡¡◊ËÕ AE = Antiradical Efficiency
IC 50
= §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ§à“ % radical scavenging activity ≈¥≈ß
√âÕ¬≈– 50
2. °“√«—¥§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
¥â«¬«‘∏’ Measurement of reducing power
°“√«—¥ reducing power ¢Õßµ—«Õ¬à“ß∑”°“√
µ√«®«—¥µ“¡«‘∏’¢Õß Oyaizu (1986) ‚¥¬π”µ—«Õ¬à“ß
ª√‘¡“µ√ 2.5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ º ¡°—∫ sodium phosphate
buffer (pH 6.6) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 200 ¡‘≈≈‘‚¡≈“√å ª√‘¡“µ√
2.5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈– potassium ferricyanide §«“¡‡¢â¡
¢âπ√âÕ¬≈– 1 ª√‘¡“µ√ 2.5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«π” “√º ¡
‰ª incubate ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 50 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“
20 π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπ‡µ‘¡ TCA §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ√âÕ¬≈– 10
ª√‘¡“µ√ 2.5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«π”¢Õߺ ¡‰ªÀ¡ÿπ‡À«’ˬß
∑’Ë 650 g ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 10 π“∑’ π” “√≈–≈“¬ à«π∫π
ª√‘¡“µ√ 5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ¡“‡µ‘¡πÈ”°≈—Ëπ ª√‘¡“µ√ 5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
·≈– ferric chloride §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ√âÕ¬≈– 0.1 ª√‘¡“µ√
1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«π”‰ª«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡
¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 700 π“‚π‡¡µ√
º≈·≈–«‘®“√≥å
°“√»÷°…“°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈
®“°°“√»÷°…“°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈ ‚¥¬«—¥
UV-absorbance ·≈–§«“¡‡¢â¡¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈
¢Õß “√º ¡√–À«à“߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ πÈ”µ“≈
‡¥’ˬ«Ê ·≈–‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕß ‚¥¬
°“√«—¥¢—Èπ°“√‡°‘¥ “√µ—«°≈“ߢÕß nonenzymatic

84 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
browning reaction À√◊Õ°“√«—¥ UV-absorbance ∑”°“√
«—¥∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 294 π“‚π‡¡µ√ à«π°“√«—¥¢—Èπ
ÿ¥∑⓬¢Õß nonenzymatic browning reaction À√◊Õ
°“√«—¥§«“¡‡¢â¡¢Õß°“√‡°‘¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈ ∑”°“√«—¥∑’˧«“¡
¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 420 π“‚π‡¡µ√ º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß· ¥ß¥—ß
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1-3
®“°√Ÿª®–æ∫«à“‡¡◊ËÕº ¡‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
µà“ßÊ∑—Èß 6 𑥇¢â“¥â«¬°—π·≈–„À⧫“¡√âÕπ ®–‡°‘¥
“√µ—«°≈“ß («—¥∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 294 π“‚π‡¡µ√)
·≈–‡°‘¥º≈‘µ¿—≥±å¢Õߪؑ°‘√‘¬“°“√‡°‘¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈ («—¥∑’Ë
§«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 420 π“‚π‡¡µ√) ‚¥¬ “¡“√∂ —߇°µ
‰¥â®“°°√“ø¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢ÕßπÈ”µ“≈
∑ÿ°π‘¥°—∫‰§‚µ·´π®– Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡ªìπª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë Ÿß¡“°
‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫°√“ø¢ÕßπÈ”µ“≈À√◊Õ‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê
(√Ÿª∑’Ë 1-2) º≈°“√∑¥≈Õߥ—ß°≈à“« “¡“√∂¬◊π¬—π‰¥â«à“
¡’ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ´÷Ëß· ¥ß∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥ “√
ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ ‚¥¬ “√
ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π
(Chi-Ara) ´÷Ë߇°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈ Ÿß ÿ¥¡’ª√‘¡“≥
¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 114
‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê ∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ√âÕ¬≈–
2.5
‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈¢Õß
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈∑—Èß
6 π‘¥ (√Ÿª∑’Ë 3) æ∫«à“ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π (Chi-Ara) ®–‡°‘¥
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈ Ÿß ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß
´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ (Chi-Gal)
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§
(Chi-Glu) “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–
πÈ”µ“≈·≈§‚µ (Chi-Lac) “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ
¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈¡Õ≈‚µ (Chi-Mal) ·≈–
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
ø√ÿ°‚µ (Chi-Fru) µ“¡≈”¥—∫ „πà«ß·√°Ê ∑’Ë¡’°“√
»÷°…“‡°’ˬ«°—∫ nonenzymatic browning reaction π—Èπ
æ∫«à“ °“√‡°‘¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬ø√ÿ°‚µ ∑’Ë¡’
À¡ŸàÕ–¡‘‚π®“°·À≈àßÕ◊Ëπ„π√–∫∫®–‡°‘¥‰¥â√«¥‡√Á«
°«à“°≈Ÿ‚§ (Hodge, 1953; Reynolds, 1965) ·µà¡’
ß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë· ¥ßº≈„π∑“ßµ√ß°—π¢â“¡°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬
¢â“ßµâπ π—Ëπ§◊Õ· ¥ßº≈«à“°≈Ÿ‚§ ‡°‘¥ ’πÈ”µ“≈‰¥â‡√Á«°«à“
(Ellingson et al., 1954; Bobbio et al., 1981; Baxter,
1995) πÕ°®“°π—Èπ¬—ß¡’ß“π«‘®—¬∑’Ë√“¬ß“π«à“°“√‡°‘¥
’πÈ”µ“≈¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬ø√ÿ°‚µ ®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ¡“°À√◊Õ
πâÕ¬°«à“°≈Ÿ‚§ ¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫ ¿“«–„π°“√„À⧫“¡√âÕπ
(Kato et al., 1969; Buera et al., 1987; Wijewickreme
et al., 1997)

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 85
(a)
(b)
Absorbance (294 nm)
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
Lac
Chi
Chi+Lac
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
Absorbance (294 nm)
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
Mal
Chi
Chi+Mal
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
(c)
(d)
absorbance (294 nm)
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
-0.05
Fru
Chi
Chi+Fru
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
Absorbance (294 nm)
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
-0.50
Ara
Chi
Chi+Ara
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
(e)
(f)
Absorbance (294 nm)
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.20
Gal
Chi
Chi+Gal
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
Absorbance (294 nm)
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
-0.20
Glu
Chi
Chi+Glu
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 §à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµà“ßÊ °—π ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥∑’Ë intermediate state (A 294
) ¢Õß
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ√–À«à“߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ (a : lactose, b: maltose, c: fructose, d: arabinose,
e: galactose and f: glucose) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫πÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê ·≈–‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê (Chi)

86 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
(a)
(b)
Absorbance (420 nm)
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
Lac
Chi
Chi+Lac
Absorbance (420 nm)
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.00
Mal
Chi
Chi+Mal
-0.01
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
-0.01
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
(c)
(d)
Absorbance (420 nm)
0.010
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0.000
Fru
Chi
Chi+Fru
Absorbance (420 nm)
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Ara
Chi
Chi+Ara
-0.002
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
-0.05
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concention (%)
(e)
(f)
Absorbance (420 nm)
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
Gal
Chi
Chi+Gal
Absorbance (420 nm)
0.11
0.09
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.01
Glu
Chi
Chi+Glu
-0.02
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (% )
-0.01
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 §à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµà“ßÊ°—π ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥∑’Ë final state (A 420
) ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫
‡‘ß´âÕπ√–À«à“߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ (a : lactose, b: maltose, c: fructose, d: arabinose, e: galactose
and f: glucose) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫πÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê ·≈–‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê (Chi)

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 87
Absorbance (294 nm)
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
Chi+Fru
Chi+Mal
Chi+Lac
Chi+Glu
Chi+Gla
Chi+Ara
0.5
0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
(b)
Absorbance (420 nm)
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
Chi+Fru
Chi+Mal
Chi+Lac
Chi+Glu
Chi+Gal
Chi+Ara
0
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Concentration (%)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 §à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπµà“ßÊ °—π ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥∑’Ë final state (a) ·≈– intermediate
state (b) ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ√–À«à“߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈π‘¥µà“ßÊ

88 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
º≈°“√µ√«®«—¥°“√‡°‘¥ polymerization ´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ “√µ—«°≈“ß (UV absorbing compound,
A 294
) ‡ªìπ “√ ’πÈ”µ“≈ (brown polymer, A 420
) · ¥ß
¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ‚¥¬· ¥ß„π√Ÿª¢Õß 294/420 ratio
(Ajandouz et al., 2001) π—Èπ§◊ÕÀ“°§à“ 294/420 ratio
¡’§à“µË”· ¥ß∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥ polymerization ¢Õß “√µ—«°≈“ß
(UV absorbing compound) ¡’§à“ Ÿß ®“°°“√∑¥≈Õß
§√—Èßπ’È “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
°“·≈§‚µ (Chi+Gal) ·≈– “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π (Chi+Ara) ®–¡’°“√
‡°‘¥ polymerization Ÿß°«à“πÈ”µ“≈π‘¥Õ◊Ëπ
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ “√µ—«°≈“ß (UV absorbing compound) ‡ªìπ “√ ’πÈ”µ“≈ (brown polymer) · ¥ß„π√Ÿª
¢Õß 294/420 ratio
π‘¥¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ
294/420 ratio
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ø√ÿ°‚µ (Chi+Fru) 21.49 + 0.62
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈¡Õ≈‚µ (Chi+Mal) 27.08 + 0.72
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈·≈§‚µ (Chi+Lac) 18.81 + 0.12
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ (Chi+Glu) 18.62 + 0.15
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ (Chi+Gal) 13.43 + 0.03
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π (Chi+Ara) 14.82 + 0.16
”À√—∫ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥ (Maillard reaction,
nonenzymic browning reaction) π—È𠇪ìπªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õß
reducing sugar °—∫ free amino group ·≈– maillard
browning product ®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ‡¡◊ËÕ„À⧫“¡√âÕπ “√
ª√–°Õ∫∑—Èß Õß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π (BeMiller and Whistler,
1996) §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß 294/420 ratio ·≈–§à“
°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 420 π“‚π‡¡µ√ (´÷Ëß
‡ªìπ°“√«—¥°“√‡°‘¥ final stage ¢Õߪؑ°‘√‘¬“ ’πÈ”µ“≈)
æ∫«à“ r = - 0.771 ‚¥¬‡ªì𧫓¡ —¡æ—π∏å„π∑‘»∑“ß∑’Ë
µ√ߢⓡ°—π π—Èπ§◊Õ ‡¡◊ËÕ 294/420 ratio ¡’§à“µË” (´÷Ëß
· ¥ß∂÷ß°“√‡°‘¥ polymerization ∑’Ë¡“°) °“√‡°‘¥ “√
’πÈ”µ“≈∑’Ë final stage ®– Ÿß · ¥ß«à“°“√‡°‘¥ “√ ’
πÈ”µ“≈‡°‘¥®“° polymerization ´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ “√
µ—«°≈“ß (UV absorbing compound) ‡ªìπ “√ ’πÈ”µ“≈
(brown polymer)
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
1 °“√«—¥ Radical Scavenging Activity
‚¥¬„â DPPH Method
®“°°“√«—¥§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‚¥¬°“√«—¥ radical scavenging activity
¥â«¬ DPPH Method ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫πÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê
·≈–‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê æ∫«à“ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈∑ÿ°π‘¥¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“π
Õπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–«‘‡§√“–Àå‚¥¬«‘∏’ DPPH method Ÿß°«à“
πÈ”µ“≈·≈–‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 4

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 89
(a)
(b)
% Radical scavenging activity
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Lac
Chi
Chi+Lac
20 40 60 80 100
% Radical scavenging activity
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Mal
Chi
Chi+Mal
20 40 60 80 100
(c)
(d)
% Radical scavenging activity
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Fru
Chi
Chi+Fru
20 40 60 80 100
% Radical scavenging activity
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Ara
Chi
Chi+Ara
15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
(e)
(f)
% Radical scavenging activity
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Gal
Chi
Chi+Gal
15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
% Radical scavenging activity
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Glu
Chi
Chi+Glu
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– DPPH ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈µà“ßÊ
(a : lactose, b: maltose, c: fructose, d: arabinose, e: galactose and f: glucose) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê

90 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 · ¥ß§à“ IC 50
·≈–§à“ Antiradical
Efficiency (AE)¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê ´÷Ëß
æ∫«à“‰§‚µ·´π¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈ DPPH
Ÿß°«à“πÈ”µ“≈∑ÿ°π‘¥ à«πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 · ¥ß§à“ IC 50
·≈–§à“ Antiradical Efficiency ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß
´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈π‘¥µà“ßÊ º≈°“√
∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π
·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π ¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈
DPPH Ÿß°«à“ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕππ‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ·µà‰¡à
·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘°—∫ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß
´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π°—∫πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ (p > 0.5)
‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“§à“ IC 50
·µà·µ°µà“ß∑“ß ∂‘µ‘Õ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠
(p< 0.5) ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“§à“ AE º≈°“√∑¥≈Õߥ—ß°≈à“«
Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√∑¥≈ÕߢÕß Benjakul et al. (2005)
´÷Ëß∑¥≈Õß„π√–∫∫∑’Ë¡’‚ª√µ’π®“°æ≈“ ¡“À¡Ÿ·≈–
πÈ”µ“≈ ‚¥¬º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√
µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õß maillard reaction product ®“°
πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ ®– Ÿß°«à“πÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ ·≈–ø√ÿ°‚µ
‡¡◊ËÕ«—¥¥â«¬«‘∏’ DPPH test ·≈–°“√«—¥ reducing power
”À√—∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“π
Õπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ∑’Ë Ÿß¢÷ÈπÕ“®‡ªìπ
‰ª„π·π«∑“߇¥’¬«°—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Guérara and
Sumaya-Martinez (2003) ´÷Ëß»÷°…“„π√–∫∫¢Õß‚ª√µ’π
‰Œ‚¥√‰≈‡ µ∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“°—∫πÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ º≈°“√»÷°…“
chromatographic profile °àÕπ·≈–À≈—ß°“√‡°‘¥
ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥æ∫«à“ °“√‡°‘¥°“√®—¥‡√’¬ßµ—«°—π„À¡à
¢Õß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈Õ“®‡ªìπµ—«à«¬„π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–„À⥒¢÷Èπ
µ—«Õ¬à“ß√–∫∫µà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’°“√»÷°…“ “√ ’πÈ”µ“≈
®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√å¥ (maillard reaction products,
MRP) µàÕ§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √– ‡àπ
√–∫∫¢Õß°≈Ÿ‚§ -‰°≈´’π (Yoshimura et al., 1997)
√–∫∫¢Õß Ovalbumin ·≈– D-Aldohexoses (Sun et
al., 2006) ·≈–√–∫∫¢Õß coffee brews (Cämmerer
and Kroh, 2006) ‡ªìπµâπ
°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â MRP ¡’°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â„π
º≈‘µ¿—≥±åµà“ßÊ ‡àπ °“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â„π°“√¬—∫¬—Èß
‡Õπ‰´¡å polyphenoloxidase (PPO) „π°ÿâß°ÿ≈“¥”
(Matmaroh et al., 2006) °“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â„πº≈‘µ¿—≥±å
ª≈“´“√奒π (Tanaka et al., 1988) ·≈–°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„â„πº≈‘µ¿—≥±å∫—µ‡µÕ√å§ÿ°°’È (Bressa et al., 1996)
‡ªìπµâπ
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 §à“ IC 50
·≈–§à“ Antiradical Efficiency ¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê
π‘¥¢Õß “√
IC 50
(g/ml)
Antiradical Efficiency
πÈ”µ“≈¡Õ≈‚µ (Mal) 19571.56 a 0.00005 a
πÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ (Glu) 13487.11 b 0.00007 a
πÈ”µ“≈·≈§‚µ (Lac) 7604.60 c 0.00013 ab
πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ (Gla) 4844.83 cd 0.00021 ab
πÈ”µ“≈ø√ÿ°‚µ (Fru) 3710.59 cd 0.00027 b
πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π (Ara) 2531.34 d 0.00040 c
‰§‚µ·´π (Chi) 2102.12 d 0.00048 d
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ -IC 50
: §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬ (g/ml) ∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ§à“ % radical scavenging activity ≈¥≈ß
√âÕ¬≈– 50
-Õ—°…√∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π„π·π«µ—Èß · ¥ß§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 91
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 §à“ IC 50
·≈–§à“ Antiradical Efficiency ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈
π‘¥¢Õß “√
IC 50
(g/ml)
Antiradical
Efficiency
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈ø√ÿ°‚µ (Chi+Fru) 488.45 a 0.00205 a
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈¡Õ≈‚µ (Chi+Mal) 172.56 b 0.00579 b
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈·≈§‚µ (Chi+Lac) 106.35 c 0.00940 c
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°≈Ÿ‚§ (Chi+Glu) 57.52 d 0.01738 d
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈°“·≈§‚µ (Chi+Gal) 28.50 e 0.03509 e
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π (Chi+Ara) 26.38 e 0.03791 f
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ -IC 50
: §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ (g/ml) ∑’Ë “¡“√∂∑”„Àâ§à“ % radical scavenging
activity ≈¥≈ß√âÕ¬≈– 50
-Õ—°…√∑’Ë·µ°µà“ß°—π„π·π«µ—Èß · ¥ß§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (p 0.05)

92 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
(a)
(b)
Absorbance (700 nm)
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
Lac
Chi
Chi+Lac
Absorbance (700 nm)
0.90
0.80
0.70
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.20
0.10
Mal
Chi
Chi+Mal
0.00
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
0.00
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
(c)
(d)
Absorbance (700 nm)
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
Fru
Chi
Chi+Fru
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
Absorbance (700 nm)
2.40
2.20
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Ara
Chi
Chi+Ara
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
(e)
(f)
Absorbance (700 nm)
2.40
2.20
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Gal
Chi
Chi+Gal
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
Absorbance (700 nm)
2.20
2.00
1.80
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
Glu
Chi
Chi+Glu
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (% )
√Ÿª∑’Ë 5 Reducing power ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈π‘¥µà“ßÊ (a : lactose,
b: maltose, c: fructose, d: arabinose, e: galactose and f: glucose) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫‰§‚µ·´π·≈–
πÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 93
Absorbance (700 nm)
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Chi+Fru
Chi+Mal
Chi+Lac
Chi+Glu
Chi+Ara
Chi+Gal
BHA
d ee
e
c
b
a
b
a
de
ee
c
a
b
ee
e
d
c
a
b
c
d d
d
d
20 40 60 80 100
Concentration (%)
a
b
c
e
ef f
d
√Ÿª∑’Ë 6 Reducing power ¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ BHA
(100% “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ: ‡°‘¥®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õß°“√≈–≈“¬πÈ”µ“≈ 1 °√—¡ „π “√≈–≈“¬ 1% ¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π„π°√¥Õ–´‘µ‘¥ 1% ª√‘¡“µ√ 100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√·≈â«„À⧫“¡√âÕπ, 100% BHA : ≈–≈“¬ BHA
1 °√—¡„π πÈ”°≈—Ëπ 100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√) Õ—°…√ a, b, c, d ·≈– e · ¥ß§«“¡·µ°µà“ßÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠∑“ß ∂‘µ‘
(p < 0.05)
√ÿª
°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
¢Õߺ≈º≈‘µ®“°ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√奢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–
πÈ”µ“≈ 6 π‘¥ æ∫«à“ “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õß
‰§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈∑ÿ°π‘¥¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√
µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–∑’Ë¥’°«à“‰§‚µ·´π‡¥’ˬ«Ê ‚¥¬ “√
ª√–°Õ∫ ‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈Õ–√“∫‘‚π
¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¥’∑’Ë ÿ¥ §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘
„π°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–¢Õß “√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ
∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¡“°°«à“‰§‚µ·´πÀ√◊ÕπÈ”µ“≈‡¥’ˬ«Ê ¡’
§«“¡‡°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡¡≈≈“√奷≈–°“√‡°‘¥
polymerization ´÷Ëß°≈‰°°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õߧÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π
°“√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–Õ“®‡°‘¥®“°°“√®—¥‡√’¬ßµ—«„À¡à
¢Õß‚¡‡≈°ÿ≈ °“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È· ¥ß∂÷ß»—°¬¿“æ¢Õß
“√ª√–°Õ∫‡‘ß´âÕπ¢Õ߉§‚µ·´π·≈–πÈ”µ“≈„π
°“√𔉪„⇪ìπ “√°—πÀ◊π„πÕÿµ “À°√√¡Õ“À“√
‡æ◊ËÕ≈¥°“√„â “√‡µ‘¡·µàß„πÕ“À“√∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√
—߇§√“–Àå
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
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❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 96-104 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 96-104 (2011)
§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–·≈–Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«
ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
Characterization and Shelf Life of Cold Pressed
Organic Jasmine Rice Bran oil
¿—∑√“¿√≥å ·°â«°Ÿ≈ 1
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
ß“π«‘®—¬π’ȉ¥â»÷°…“§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“懧¡’·≈–Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫
∫’∫‡¬Áπµ“¡¡“µ√∞“π ¡Õ°. 47-2553 πÈ”¡—πæ◊∫√‘‚¿§ º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“ §à“¥—π’À—°‡À §à“§«“¡◊Èπ §à“°√¥
§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈–§à“‰Õ‚Õ¥’π ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 1.3294 √âÕ¬≈– 0.20 1.36 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ KOH / °√—¡πÈ”¡—π 3.12
¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/ °‘‚≈°√—¡πÈ”¡—π ·≈– 93.02 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/°√—¡πÈ”¡—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫ °√¥‰¢¡—πÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬
°√¥ª“≈å¡‘µ‘° (√âÕ¬≈– 21.79) °√¥ ‡µ’¬√‘° (√âÕ¬≈– 1.86) °√¥‚Õ‡≈Õ‘° (√âÕ¬≈– 44.85) °√¥≈‘‚π‡≈Õ‘° (√âÕ¬≈–
31.32) ·≈–°√¥≈‘‚π‡≈π‘° (√âÕ¬≈– 0.19) πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈ Ÿß∂÷ß √âÕ¬≈– 1.298 À√◊Õ 12,980
ppm ´÷Ëß·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈‡ªìπ “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–µ“¡∏√√¡“µ‘∑’Ëæ∫‡©æ“–„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“« º≈°“√»÷°…“¢ÕßÕ“¬ÿ
°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπæ∫«à“ §à“°√¥¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷ÈπÕ¬à“ßâ“Ê √âÕ¬≈– 0.127
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 60 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ª 2 «—π ·≈–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 0.310 „πÀπ÷Ë߇¥◊Õπ ¢≥–∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
50 ·≈– 40 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ¡’Õ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 0.270 ·≈– 0.200 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‡¡◊ËÕπ”§à“°√¥¡“§“¥
§–‡πÕ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 1697.23 «—π À√◊Õ
4.6 ªï ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
1
“¢“«‘“«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’°“√Õ“À“√ ¿“§«‘“‡°…µ√·≈– ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬
√“¿—Ø ÿ√‘π∑√å ®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√‘π∑√å 32000
* E-mail: p_kaewkool@yahoo.com

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 97
Abstract
In this research work, the physico-chemical parameters and shelf-life of cold pressed organic
jasmine rice bran oil are examined based on Thai Industrial Standards TIS 47-2533 (1990) Edible oil. The
results indicate that the refractive index, moisture value, acid value, peroxide value and iodine value are
1.3294, 0.20%, 1.36 mg KOH/g oil, 3.12 mg/kg oil and 93.02 mg/g oil, respectively. The fatty acid
compositions include palmitic acid (21.79%), stearic acid (1.86%), oleic acid (44.85%), linoleic acid (31.32%)
and linolenic acid (0.19%). Gamma-oryzanol which serves as a natural antioxidant is found in cold pressed
organic jasmine rice bran oil at a high level up to 1.298%. The results of shelf-life of cold pressed organic
jasmine rice bran oil show that the acid value increased slowly in the second day (0.127 %) at 60 ÌC and
reached the value of 0.310% in one month. Moreover, the increment of acid value is 0.270% and 0.200%,
at 50 ÌC and 40 ÌC, respectively. By using acid values, it was estimated that shelf-life of the cold pressed
organic jasmine rice bran oil was 1697.23 day (4.6 year) at 25 ÌC.
§” ”§—≠ : §ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“懧¡’ πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“
Keywords : Physico-chemical parameters, Cold pressed organic jasmine rice bran oil, Shelf - life
∫∑π”
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«‡ªìππÈ”¡—π∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥§à“∑“ß
‚¿π“°“√ Ÿß “¡“√∂ °—¥‰¥â®“° à«π¢Õß√”¢â“« (rice
bran) ´÷Ë߇ªìπº≈æ≈Õ¬‰¥â®“°°√–∫«π°“√¢—¥ ’¢â“«
(milling process) ‚¥¬¡’√”¢â“«‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫
ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 8-10 ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°¢â“«‡ª≈◊Õ° ®“°
√“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«®—¥‡ªìππÈ”¡—π‰¡àÕ‘Ë¡µ—«
‡æ√“–¡’ —¥ à«π¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—π‰¡àÕ‘Ë¡µ—«∑—È߇‘߇¥’ˬ«
(mono-unsaturated fatty acid) √âÕ¬≈– 45 ·≈–‡‘ß´âÕπ
(poly-unsaturated fatty acid) √âÕ¬≈– 37 „π¢≥–∑’Ë¡’
°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘Ë¡µ—«πâÕ¬§◊Õ√âÕ¬≈– 18 πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ßæ∫«à“¡’
“√∫“ßπ‘¥∑’Ë¡’§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘‡ªìπ “√µâ“πÕπÿ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–
µ“¡∏√√¡“µ‘ ‡àπ «‘µ“¡‘πÕ’ (‚∑‚§øï√Õ≈; tocopherols
·≈–‚∑‚§‰µ√Õ’πÕ≈; tocotrienols) ·≈–·°¡¡“-
‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈ (gamma-oryzanol) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ “√°≈ÿà¡∑’Ë
‰¡à “¡“√∂ –ªÕππ‘ø“¬¥å (sponifly) ‰¥â ®“°°“√
»÷°…“¢Õß Ju and Vali (2005) æ∫«à“ “√°≈ÿà¡π’È¡’ Ÿß
∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 4.2 ¢ÕßπÈ”Àπ—°√”¢â“«∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ Bergman and
Xu (2003) æ∫«à“·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«
®– Ÿß°«à“‚∑‚§øï√Õ≈ ·≈–‚∑‚§‰µ√Õ’πÕ≈∂÷ß 13-20 ‡∑à“
®“°°“√»÷°…“∂÷ߧÿ≥ª√–‚¬πå¢Õß·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈
„π¥â“πµà“ßÊ ¡’¡“°¡“¬∑—Èß∑“ߥâ“πÕ“À“√ ‡àπ Sasaki
et al. (1990) »÷°…“°“√„â “√·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈
‡ªìπ “√°—πÀ◊π„ππÈ”¡—πæ◊ ·≈–‡ªìπ “√°—π‡ ’¬„π
Õ“À“√ ∑“ߥâ“π‡§√◊ËÕß ”Փ߄⇪ìπ à«πº ¡¢Õß
º≈‘µ¿—≥±å∑“‡ â㧭 ·≈–∑“ß°“√·æ∑¬å ‡àπ Rong
et al. (1994) ‰¥â„⇪ìπµ—«à«¬≈¥ª√‘¡“≥‚§‡≈ ‡µÕ√Õ≈
„πæ≈“ ¡“ ≈¥°“√√«¡µ—«¢Õ߇°≈Á¥‡≈◊Õ¥ ·≈–૬
‡æ‘Ë¡°“√æ—≤π“°≈â“¡‡π◊ÈÕ Tadahisa and Donald (1991)
æ∫«à“·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈‰¡à°àÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡º‘¥ª°µ‘
¢Õ߬’π ‰¡à‡ªìπ “√°àÕ¡–‡√Áß ·≈–‡π◊ÈÕßÕ° ·≈–®“°
°“√»÷°…“¢Õß Krishna et al. (2001) æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥
·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«§‘¥‡ªìπ√âÕ¬≈– 2
¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¥‘∫ ·≈–®– Ÿ≠‡ ’¬‰ª„π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√
∑”πÈ”¡—π„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¡’ 2 π‘¥ §◊Õ πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«π‘¥
∑’˺à“π°√√¡«‘∏’ (refined oil) ·≈–π‘¥∫’∫‡¬Áπ (cold press
oil) πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«„π∑âÕßµ≈“¥‡ªìππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«π‘¥
ºà“π°√√¡«‘∏’ °—¥®“°√”¢â“« ‚¥¬°“√„â “√‡§¡’·≈–
ºà“𧫓¡√âÕπ Ÿß„π°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µπÈ”¡—π∫√‘‚¿§ ®÷ß

98 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
Ÿ≠‡ ’¬ª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ“À“√∑’Ë ”§—≠ ‡àπ «‘µ“¡‘πÕ’ ·≈–
·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈‰ª‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° µà“ß®“°
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ∑’Ë °—¥πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¥â«¬
‡§√◊ËÕß∫’∫Õ—¥·∫∫‡°≈’¬«Õ—¥ (screw press) ®–¬—ߧߡ’
“√ ”§—≠Õ¬Ÿà ª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«π—Èπ®–¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫æ—π∏ÿå¢â“«·≈–«‘∏’°“√ °—¥
§¡ —π Àÿµ–·æ∑¬å (2550) æ∫«à“°“√ °—¥πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«
¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕ߇°≈’¬«Õ—¥·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ®–¡’·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈
Ÿß∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 1-2 À√◊Õ 10,000-20,000 ppm ( à«π„π
≈â“π à«π) ¢≥–∑’ËπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«·∫∫ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√
„â “√‡§¡’·≈–§«“¡√âÕπ®–¡’·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈‡À≈◊Õ
Õ¬Ÿà‡æ’¬ß√âÕ¬≈– 0.0005 À√◊Õ 500 ppm ªí®®ÿ∫—πºŸâº≈‘µ
∫“ß√“¬ª√—∫ª√ÿß°√–∫«π°“√º≈‘µπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«·∫∫
ºà“π°√√¡«‘∏’∑’Ë„âª√ÿßÕ“À“√„Àâ§ß¡’ª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-
‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈ Ÿß¢÷Èπ∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 0.004 À√◊Õ 4,000 ppm
Krishna et al. (2006) æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈
∑’ˇµ‘¡≈߉ª„ππÈ”¡—πæ◊¡’º≈∑”„ÀâÕ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–≈¥≈ß ´÷Ëß°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–®–‡ªìπµ—«
∫àß∫Õ°§ÿ≥¿“æ·≈–Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—πæ◊
‚¥¬°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–®–∑”„À⇰‘¥°≈‘ËπÀ◊π àߺ≈„Àâ
Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π —Èπ≈ß ¥—ßπ—Èπ°√–∑√«ß
“∏“√≥ ÿ¢¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬®÷߉¥â°”Àπ¥¡“µ√∞“π
„Àâª√‘¡“≥¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–„ππÈ”¡—πæ◊∫√‘‚¿§
‰¡à§«√ Ÿß°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 0.6 À√◊Õ 6,000 ppm ·≈–
ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–„ππÈ”¡—πæ◊π‘¥∫’∫‡¬Áπ
‰¡à§«√ Ÿß°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 4.0 À√◊Õ 40,000 ppm
®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√‘π∑√凪ìπ·À≈àߪ≈Ÿ°¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘
§ÿ≥¿“楒∑’Ë ÿ¥¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ·≈–‡ªìπ®—ßÀ«—¥π”√àÕߺ≈‘µ
¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å (organic jasmine rice) À°√≥å
‡°…µ√Õ‘π∑√’¬å°Õß∑ÿπ¢â“« ÿ√‘π∑√å (Rice Fund Surin
Organic Agriculture Cooperative Ltd.; RFSOAC)
à߇ √‘¡‡°…µ√°√º≈‘µ¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å ®π°√–∑—Ëß
‰¥â¡“µ√∞“πº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡°…µ√Õ‘π∑√’¬å (Organic
Agriculture Certification Thailand; A.C.T.) πÕ°®“°
π’Ȭ—ߺ≈‘µπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ®“°√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘
Õ‘π∑√’¬å (cold pressed organic jasmine rice bran oil)
À“°®– à߇ √‘¡πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
‡ªìπ ‘π§â“‡°…µ√Õ‘π∑√’¬å ª√–‡¿∑Õ“À“√‡ √‘¡ ÿ¢¿“æ
(health food) ¢Õß®—ßÀ«—¥ ÿ√‘π∑√å„πÕ𓧵 ®”‡ªìπ
µâÕß∑√“∫§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å ¥—ßπ—Èπß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷ß
∑”°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–·≈–Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π
√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ ‡æ◊ËՄ⇪ìπ
·π«∑“ß„π°“√¢Õ√—∫√Õß¡“µ√∞“π‡°…µ√Õ‘π∑√’¬åµàÕ‰ª
«‘∏’°“√«‘®—¬
«—µ∂ÿ¥‘∫·≈– “√‡§¡’
1. πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
®“° À°√≥凰…µ√Õ‘π∑√’¬å°Õß∑ÿπ¢â“« ÿ√‘π∑√å ®—ßÀ«—¥
ÿ√‘π∑√å
2. °√¥Õ–´‘µ‘° ‡Œ°‡´π ‚∑≈ŸÕ’π ‡¡∑“πÕ≈
‡Õ∑“πÕ≈ ‰¥‡Õ∏‘≈Õ’‡∑Õ√å ·≈–§≈Õ‚√øÕ√å¡ ‡ªìπ “√
‡§¡’‡°√¥«‘‡§√“–À宓°∫√‘…—∑ RCI Lab Scan ®”°—¥
ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ‚ª·µ ‡´’¬¡‰Õ‚Õ‰¥¥å ·≈–‚´‡¥’¬¡
‰∏‚Õ´—≈‡øµ ‡ªìπ “√‡§¡’‡°√¥«‘‡§√“–À宓°∫√‘…—∑
Rankem ª√–‡∑»Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ‚´‡¥’¬¡´—≈‡øµª≈Õ¥πÈ”
‚´‡¥’¬¡§“√å∫Õ‡πµª≈Õ¥πÈ” ·≈–‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å
‡ªìπ “√‡§¡’‡°√¥«‘‡§√“–À宓°∫√‘…—∑ Merck ®”°—¥
ª√–‡∑»‡¬Õ√¡—π
3. “√¡“µ√∞“π ·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈ 95 %
®“°∫√‘…—∑´Ÿ‚π (Suno) ª√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉπ ‡Œæµ–‡¥§“‚πÕ‘°
·Õ´‘¥ 99 % ®“°∫√‘…—∑´‘°¡“ ‡§¡‘§Õ≈ ‡´πÀ≈ÿ¬ å
ª√–‡∑» À√—∞Õ‡¡√‘°“
¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑¥≈Õß
1. π”πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫
‡¬Á𫑇§√“–Àå§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“懧¡’§◊Õ§à“¥—π’À—°‡À
§à“°√¥ §à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈–§à“‰Õ‚Õ¥’𠵓¡«‘∏’°“√
¢Õß AOAC (2000)
2. ‡µ√’¬¡πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫
∫’∫‡¬Á𫑇§√“–Àå°√¥‰¢¡—πÕߧåª√–°Õ∫„π√Ÿª°√¥‰¢¡—π
‡¡∑‘≈‡Õ ‡∑Õ√å ¥—¥·ª≈ß«‘∏’®“° Jeyashoke et al. (1998)
‚¥¬—ËßπÈ”¡—πµ—«Õ¬à“ß 0.1 °√—¡ „ àÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈ÕßΩ“‡°≈’¬«
¢π“¥ª√–¡“≥ 20 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡µ‘¡‚∑≈ŸÕ’π 10 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 99
·≈⫇¢¬à“„À⇢⓰—π ¥Ÿ¥ “√≈–≈“¬¡“ 3 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√„ àÀ≈Õ¥
∑¥≈ÕßÕ’°À≈Õ¥ ‡µ‘¡ “√≈–≈“¬‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å
1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ (1 % in MeOH) ªî¥Ω“„π·πàπ‡¢¬à“„Àâ
‡¢â“°—π 𔉪„À⧫“¡√âÕπ„π‰¡‚§√‡«ø 10 ∂÷ß 15
«‘π“∑’ ∑”„À⇬Áπ∑—π∑’ ‡µ‘¡°√¥Õ–´‘µ‘° 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
µ“¡¥â«¬ “√≈–≈“¬‚´‡¥’¬¡§“√å∫Õ‡πµ 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
(4 % in H 2
O) ‡¢¬à“„À⇢⓰—π≈â“ߥ⫬πÈ”°≈—Ëπ 3 §√—Èß
√Õ„Àâ·¬°—Èπ¥Ÿ¥ à«π„ ¥â“π∫π„ àÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß
¢π“¥‡≈Á° ‡µ‘¡ºß‚´‡¥’¬¡´—≈‡øµª≈Õ¥πÈ”≈߉ª‡≈Á°πâÕ¬
‡æ◊ËÕ¥Ÿ¥πÈ”∑’˵‘¥§â“ßÕÕ° ‡°Á∫ à«π„ „ àÀ≈Õ¥∑¥≈Õß
¢π“¥‡≈Á° π”µ—«Õ¬à“߉ª«‘‡§√“–Àå¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß GC
Shimadzu √ÿàπ GC-14B µ√«®«—¥·∫∫‡ø≈¡‰ÕÕÕ-
‰π‡´—π (FID) ®“°∫√‘…—∑ Shimadzu ª√–‡∑»≠’˪ÿÉπ
§Õ≈—¡πå BPX-70 ‡§≈◊Õ∫¥â«¬ 70 % cyanopropyl
polysilphene siloxane §«“¡Àπ“øî≈å¡ 0.25 ‰¡‚§√‡¡µ√
¢π“¥‡ âπºà“π»Ÿπ¬å°≈“ß 0.25 ¡‘≈≈‘‡¡µ√ ¬“« 15 ‡¡µ√
®“°∫√‘…—∑ SGE International Pty.Ltd. ª√–‡∑»
ÕÕ ‡µ√‡≈’¬ ¿“«–∑’Ë„â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß §◊Õ ·°ä Œ’‡≈’¬¡
‡ªìπ·°ä µ—«æ“ (carrier gas) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Õ≈—¡πå 160
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ‘π‡®°‡µÕ√å ·≈–µ—«µ√«®«—¥
230 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ©’¥ “√ª√‘¡“µ√ 0.2 ‰¡‚§√≈‘µ√
3. ‡µ√’¬¡πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫
∫’∫‡¬Á𫑇§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß
UV-spectrophotometer Shimadzu √ÿàπ UV-1601 ‚¥¬
°“√‡®◊Õ®“ßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ¥â«¬
‡Œ°‡´π∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 25 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/ ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ 𔉪
«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 315 π“‚π‡¡µ√
®“°π—Èπ∑”°“√§”π«≥À“ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈
µàÕπÈ”Àπ—°·ÀâߢÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
‰¥â‚¥¬°“√‡∑’¬∫°—∫°√“ø¡“µ√∞“π
4. ‡µ√’¬¡πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫
∫’∫‡¬Áπ‡æ◊ËÕ§“¥§–‡πÕ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«
ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ ‚¥¬∫√√®ÿπÈ”¡—π„ ࢫ¥
’“ª√‘¡“≥ 40 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ ‡°Á∫∫à¡∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 40 50
·≈– 60 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡°Á∫µ—«Õ¬à“ß«‘‡§√“–Àå §à“°√¥
·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å∑ÿ°«—π„π —ª¥“Àå·√° ·≈–∑ÿ°
3 «—π„π —ª¥“Àå∑’Ë Õß®π§√∫ 1 ‡¥◊Õπ π”Õ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡
¢÷Èπ¢Õß§à“°√¥ ·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å¡“§“¥§–‡πÕ“¬ÿ°“√
‡°Á∫√—°…“¥â«¬ ¡°“√Õ“√å‡√‡π’¬ (arrhenius equation)
¡°“√∑’Ë (1) ( ¡æ≈ ª√–§Õßæ—π∏å, 2534)
Ea
log k log A
2.303RT
(1)
‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ k=§à“§ß∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á« (rate constant; time -1 )
A=§à“§ß∑’Ë®“°·ø°‡µÕ√姫“¡∂’Ë (frequency
factor; mole -1 .sec -1 )
Ea= æ≈—ßß“π°√–µÿâπ (activation energy;
cal.mole -1 )
R=§à“§ß∑’Ë¢Õß·°ä (gas constant = 1.987
cal.mole. K -1 )
T=Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õß»“ —¡∫Ÿ√≥å (Temperature; K=
ÌC + 273)
´÷Ëß°“√„â ¡°“√Õ“√å‡√‡π’¬ §à“ A ·≈– Ea À“
‰¥â®“°°“√∑¥≈Õß‚¥¬«—¥§à“§ß∑’Ë¢ÕßÕ—µ√“‡√Á« (k) °“√
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ§à“°√¥·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 40 50
·≈– 60 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈â«æ≈äÕµ√–À«à“ß log k °—∫
1/T ‰¥â°√“ø‡ âπµ√ß §«“¡—π§◊Õ -Ea/2.303R ·≈–
®ÿ¥µ—¥·π«·°πµ—Èß §◊Õ log A
º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß
º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“懧¡’
¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“懧¡’
¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ §à“
¥—π’À—°‡À §à“§«“¡◊Èπ §à“°√¥ §à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å ·≈–
§à“‰Õ‚Õ¥’π ‡∑à“°—∫ 1.3294 √âÕ¬≈– 0.20 1.36 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡
KOH/ °√—¡πÈ”¡—π 3.12 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/ °‘‚≈°√—¡πÈ”¡—π ·≈–
93.02 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/ °√—¡πÈ”¡—𠵓¡≈”¥—∫ º≈°“√»÷°…“
‡ªìπ‰ªµ“¡¡“µ√∞“πº≈‘µ¿—≥±åÕÿµ “À°√√¡ ¡Õ°. 47-
2533 πÈ”¡—πæ◊∫√‘‚¿§ °”Àπ¥§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ
‡§¡’¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«º≈‘µ«‘∏’∏√√¡“µ‘¡’§à“¥—π’À—°‡À

100 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
√–À«à“ß 1.46-1.47 §à“§«“¡◊Èπ‰¡à‡°‘π√âÕ¬≈– 0.2 §à“
°√¥‰¡à‡°‘π 4 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡ KOH/ °√—¡πÈ”¡—π §à“‡ªÕ√å
ÕÕ°‰´¥å‰¡à‡°‘π 10 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/ °‘‚≈°√—¡πÈ”¡—π ·≈–
§à“‰Õ‚Õ¥’π√–À«à“ß 92-115 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/ °√—¡πÈ”¡—π
ª√‘¡“≥·≈–π‘¥°√¥‰¢¡—πÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ «‘‡§√“–Àå
¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß GC ‚§√¡“‚µ·°√¡· ¥ß¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 °√¥
‰¢¡—πÕߧåª√–°Õ∫ ‰¥â·°à °√¥ª“≈å¡‘µ‘° (C16:0)
√âÕ¬≈– 21.79 °√¥ ‡µ’¬√‘° (C18:0) √âÕ¬≈– 1.86 °√¥
‚Õ‡≈Õ‘° (C18:1) √âÕ¬≈– 44.85 °√¥≈‘‚π‡≈Õ‘° (C18:2)
√âÕ¬≈– 31.32 ·≈–°√¥≈‘‚π‡≈π‘° (C18:3) √âÕ¬≈– 0.19
º≈ß“π«‘®—¬ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß Sugano and Tsuji
(1997), Tahira et al. (2007) ·≈– Van Hoed et al.
(2006) √“¬ß“π«à“ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß°√¥‚Õ‡≈Õ‘°·≈–°√¥
≈‘‚π‡≈Õ‘°„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¡’¡“°°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 70 ¢Õß
Õߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—π∑—ÈßÀ¡¥
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ‚§√¡“‚µ·°√¡¢Õß°√¥‰¢¡—πµà“ßÊ„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Á𫑇§√“–Àå¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß
GC 14B §Õ≈—¡πå BPX-70 (15m x 0.25mm i.d.) Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘§Õ≈—¡πå 160 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Õ‘π‡®°‡µÕ√å ·≈–µ—«µ√«®«—¥ 230 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
ª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«
ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ«—¥®“°§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π
· ߥ⫬‡§√◊ËÕß UV-spectrophotometer ∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ
315 π“‚π‡¡µ√ „⇌°‡´π‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬ ·≈–‡∑’¬∫
°—∫°√“ø¡“µ√∞“π·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈ æ∫«à“ ª√‘¡“≥
·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å
·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ¡’ Ÿß∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 1.298 À√◊Õ 12,980 ppm
Ÿß°«à“πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ºà“π°√√¡«‘∏’ ·≈–®“°°“√»÷°…“
¢Õߧ≥‘»“ °‘µµ‘√—µπ‰æ∫Ÿ≈¬å ·≈–§≥– (2552) æ∫«à“
ª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ºà“π
°√√¡«‘∏’∑’Ë«“ߢ“¬„π∑âÕßµ≈“¥¡’ª√‘¡“≥‡∑à“°—∫ 1,543
·≈– 300 ppm ∑—Èßπ’ȇπ◊ËÕß¡“®“°¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑”∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï
¢Õß·µà≈–‚√ßß“π¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π Krishna et al.
(2001) ‰¥â»÷°…“º≈°√–∑∫¢Õß°“√∑”πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¥‘∫
„Àâ∫√‘ ÿ∑∏‘Ï ·≈–Õߧåª√–°Õ∫·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈
„π¢â“«Õ‘π‡¥’¬ æ∫«à“ ª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈„π
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«¢ÕßÕ‘π‡¥’¬ 18 π‘¥®–Õ¬Ÿà„πà«ß√âÕ¬≈–
1.63-2.72 „ππÈ”¡—π¥‘∫ ·≈–ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß πæ¡“»
¡π— «√“°ÿ≈ (2545) √–∫ÿ«à“ª√‘¡“≥·°¡¡“-‚Õ‰√´“πÕ≈
·≈–«‘µ“¡‘πÕ’„π¢â“«‰∑¬ “¬æ—π∏ÿåµà“ßÊ ®–Õ¬Ÿà„πà«ß
√âÕ¬≈– 1.04-1.96 „ππÈ”¡—π¥‘∫

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 101
º≈«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß§à“°√¥·≈–§à“
‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å
§à“°√¥·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å‡ªìπµ—«¥—π’∫àß’È
§ÿ≥¿“æ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
¥—ßπ—Èπß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷߇°Á∫∫ࡵ—«Õ¬à“ßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘
Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 40 50 ·≈– 60 Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√µ√«®«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
§à“°√¥·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å¥â«¬°“√‰µ‡µ√∑µ“¡«‘∏’
AOAC (2000) º≈· ¥ß¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 2
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß§à“°√¥·≈–‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ßÊ
®“°√Ÿª®–‡ÀÁπ«à“Õ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß§à“°√¥
·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å„ππÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å
·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ¢÷Èπ°—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ ŸßªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‡°‘¥‰¥â
‡√Á«°«à“π—Èπ§◊Õ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 40 50 ·≈– 60 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
‡¡◊ËÕ‡«≈“ºà“π‰ª 2 «—π §à“°√¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– 0.124
0.126 ·≈– 0.127 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å
‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– 0.171 0.313 ·≈– 0.535 µ“¡≈”¥—∫
·≈–¿“¬„π 1 ‡¥◊Õπ §à“°√¥‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ√âÕ¬≈– 0.200 0.270
·≈– 0.310 µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ
√âÕ¬≈– 0.270 0.402 ·≈– 0.571 µ“¡≈”¥—∫
º≈°“√§“¥§–‡πÕ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“πÈ”¡—π
√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ
°“√°”Àπ¥§ÿ≥¿“æÀ√◊ÕÕ“¬ÿ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π
“¡“√∂¥Ÿ‰¥â®“°°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢Õ߉µ√°≈’‡´Õ‰√¥å‡°‘¥
°√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √– °√¥‰¢¡—πÕ‘ √–‡¡◊ËÕ∂Ÿ°ÕÕ°´‘‰¥´å®–
‡°‘¥°≈‘Ëπ‡ÀÁπÀ◊π„ππÈ”¡—π∑”„Àâ‰¡à‡ªìπ∑’˵âÕß°“√¢Õß
ºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§ ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√§“¥§–‡πÕ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢Õß
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ ®÷ß„â§à“°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ-
·ª≈ߢÕß§à“°√¥ ·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å ‚¥¬„âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
‡ªìπµ—«‡√àߪؑ°‘√‘¬“°“√‡ ◊ËÕ¡ ¿“æ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π ª√°µ‘
Õ—µ√“°“√ ≈“¬µ—«¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å®–‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ„π√“« 2-3
‡∑à“ ∑ÿ°Ê 10 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ∑’ˇæ‘Ë¡¢÷È𠧫“¡ —¡æ—π∏å

102 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
‡àππ’ȇªìπ‰ªµ“¡ ¡°“Õ“√å‡√‡π’¬ ¡°“√∑’Ë (1) ®“°
º≈°“√«‘®—¬‡¡◊ËÕπ”Õ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß§à“°√¥·≈–
§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å®“°«—π∑’Ë 0 ‰ª «—π∑’Ë 1 ¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π
√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ‡ªìπ§à“§ß∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á«
(k) ¡“æ≈äÕµ°√“ø· ¥ß§«“¡ —¡º— √–À«à“ß log k °—∫
1/T ‰¥â°√“ø¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ·≈– 4
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 Arrhenius plot ¢ÕßÕ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß§à“°√¥
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 Arrhenius plot ¢ÕßÕ—µ√“°“√‡æ‘Ë¡¢÷Èπ¢Õß§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 103
‡¡◊ËÕ∑√“∫§à“§ß∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á« (k) ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ Ÿß
“¡“√∂§”π«≥À“§à“§ß∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á«∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ÀâÕߪ√°µ‘
(25 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ) ‰¥â ®÷ß∑”„Àâ “¡“√∂∑”π“¬Õ“¬ÿ
¢Õߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±å‰¥â®“° ¡°“√Õ“√å‡√‡π’¬ ¡°“√∑’Ë (1)
´÷Ëß “¡“√∂¥—¥·ª≈߇æ◊ËՄ⧔π«≥§à“§ß∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á« (k)
∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘µà“ß°—π‰¥â¥—ß ¡°“√∑’Ë (2)
k
log
k
2
1
Ea T
2
T1
2.303R
TT
1 2
(2)
‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ k 1
·≈– k 2
= §à“§ß∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á«∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ ·≈– 40 Õß»“
‡´≈‡´’¬
T 1
·≈– T 2
= Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
·≈– 40 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
®“° ¡°“√∑’Ë (2) ‰¥â§à“§ß∑’ËÕ—µ√“‡√Á«¢Õߧà“
°√¥·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ 25 Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬
‡∑à“°—∫ 0.000062 day -1 ·≈– 0.000059 day -1 ·≈–
Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢ÕßπÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å
·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ “¡“√∂§“¥§–‡π®“° ¡°“√Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫
√—°…“ ¡°“√∑’Ë (3)
0.105
t
(3)
90
k
®“°°“√§“¥§–‡πÕ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“¢Õß
πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ∑’ËÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘25
Õß»“‡´≈‡´’¬ æ∫«à“º≈‘µ¿—≥±å¡’Õ“¬ÿ°“√‡°Á∫√—°…“
‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 1697.23 «—π À√◊Õ 4.6 ªï ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“®“°
§à“°√¥ ·≈– 1771.02 «—π À√◊Õ 4.9 ªï ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“
®“°§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å π—Èπ§◊Õ À“°‡°Á∫πÈ”¡—π√”¢â“«
ÀÕ¡¡–≈‘Õ‘π∑√’¬å·∫∫∫’∫‡¬Áπ‰«âπ“π‡°‘π 4.6 ªï À√◊Õ
4.9 ªï º≈‘µ¿—≥±å®–¡’§à“°√¥ ·≈–§à“‡ªÕ√åÕÕ°‰´¥å
‡°‘π°«à“‡°≥±å¡“µ√∞“ππÈ”¡—πæ◊∫√‘‚¿§°”Àπ¥‰«â §◊Õ
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104 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
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2533. πÈ”¡—πæ◊∫√‘‚¿§.
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«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 105-112 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 105-112 (2011)
≈“¬π‘È«¡◊Õ·≈–æÀÿªí≠≠“: °“√»÷°…“‡∫◊ÈÕßµâπ
Fingerprint Pattern and Multiple Intelligence:
a Preliminary Study
Somsong Nanakorn 1 , Niyada Honark 1 , Supannee Ungpansattawong 2 ,
Wichuda Chaisiwamongkol 2 , Amnuay Maneesriwongul 2 , Rassame Suwanwerakamtorn 3 ,
Sarintip Raksasataya 4 and Kusuma Chusilp 5
Abstract
This study aims at investigation of a relationship between fingerprint patterns and multiple
intelligences (MI) i.e. the linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, interpersonal,
intrapersonal and naturalistic intelligences of school children. Subjects are 72 high school children who
attended the Olympic academic course at the Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, northeastern
Thailand. The MI data were assessed by the self-administered questionnaire which consists of 80 questions.
Ten fingerprints of each subject were collected by scanning with the fingerprint scanner and the Automated
Inkless Fingerprint Imaging Software. Results are as follows: (1) ten fingerprint patterns of most subjects are
of two types i.e. whorls plus ulnar loops; (2) The right middle finger of whorl pattern is significantly related
to the logical-mathematical intelligence high score. It is concluded that the whorl pattern on the right
middle finger may be able to indicate the logical-mathematical intelligence high score. Large sample size is
examined to determine a relationship between fingerprint patterns and other MI.
Keywords: Fingerprint, Whorl pattern, Multiple intelligence
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002
2
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002
3
Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002
4
Faculty of Education, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002
5
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002

106 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
Introduction
Dermal ridges on palm, fingertips, and
soles appear in the third to fifth month of fetal
development and the patterns remain unchanged
(Penrose, 1969; Penrose and Ohara, 1973; Okajima,
1975; Nora and Fraser, 1989). Disturbances can be
caused environmentally by diseases such as fetal
rubella, thalidomide poisoning (Penrose and Ohara,
1973) or chromosomal aberration (Schaumann and
Alter, 1976; Rajangam et al., 1995) or maternal
stress during prenatal period (Babler, 1991; Brown
et al., 2000; Rosa et al., 2001). The dermal ridges
on fingertips called fingerprints are arranged in
patterns and classified based on the number of
triradii present (Holt, 1961). Thus, there is no
triradius in a simple arch pattern, one triradius in
loops (ulnar and radial), and two triradii in a whorl.
Since Professor Howard Gardner (1983)
initially identified the original seven different
kinds of human intelligences i.e. linguistic, logicalmathematical,
spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic,
interpersonal, and intrapersonal intelligences in Frames
of Mind, then added an eighth intelligence -
naturalistic intelligence (Gardner, 1999). Short
descriptions of those multiple intelligences (MI) are
as follows: linguistic = smart in spoken & written
language; logical-mathematical = smart in numbers
& reason; spatial = smart in patterns of wide space;
musical = smart in rhythm; bodily-kinesthetical =
smart in bodily movement; interpersonal = smart in
understanding other people; intrapersonal = smart in
understanding themselves; naturalistic = smart in
nature & the environment. Human beings are
organisms who possess a basic set of intelligences
and have a unique blend of their intelligences
(Gardner, 1999). Though Gardnerûs theory of MI
has not been readily accepted within academic
psychology, it has however has met with a strong
positive response from many educators and has helped
them to reflect on their practices, and given them a
basis to broaden their focus, and to attend to what
might assist people to live their lives well (Smith,
2008). Factors affecting human intelligences are
biological endowment (including genes, and brain
injuries during development), personal life history,
and cultural background (Armstrong, 1994). The
fingerprint pattern is also inherited from many genes
(Penrose, 1969) and prenatal environments (Babler,
1991; Brown et al., 2000; Rosa et al., 2001).
Therefore, the authors hypothesize that MI and
fingerprint patterns may be related. To assess MI
from a fingerprint pattern would be easy, quick and
useful for parents and teachers to promote the
potentialities of their children. The aim of the pilot
study was to describe the MI scores and analyze
relationships between each MI score and the
fingerprint patterns of school children. This research
protocol had been reviewed and received ethical
approval from the Khon Kaen University Ethics
Committee for Human Research.
Materials and methods
Subjects: A total of 72 high school
children who attended the Olympic academic course
at the Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University,
northeastern Thailand participated in the study.
Instruments: Four kinds of instruments
were used as follows:
1. Laptop PC.
2. Fingerprint sensor (digitalPersona Inc.,
IT WORKS Co., Ltd., 2005).

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3. The Automated Inkless Fingerprint
Imaging software (Nanakorn et al., 2006; 2007; 2008).
4. MI questionnaire (Sintuwong, 2002; with
written permission) which consists of 80 questions
of the 8 MI categories (10 questions for each MI)
scoring in 5 levels from 0 to 4 (This is not like me
at all = 0, This is a bit like me = 1, This is
sometimes like me = 2, I am like this more often
than not = 3, I am always like this = 4).
Sample collection: Prior to answering the
MI questionnaire and scanning of fingertips, signed
informed consents were obtained. Each subjectûs ten
fingertips were scanned using the fingerprint sensor
coupled with the Automated Inkless Fingerprint
Imaging Software. The scanning method is described
elsewhere (Nanakorn et al., 2007; 2008). Briefly,
researchers performed scanning by touching each
subjectûs fingertips on a touchpad of the fingerprint
sensor, starting from the left hand; thumb, index,
middle, ring, little fingers, followed by the right
fingers of little, ring, middle, index, and thumb.
These fingertipsû images are stored into a data
base as a portable digital format (PDF) file
before printing. Subjects also answered the MI
questionnaire by themselves.
Data analyses: Types of fingerprint
patterns were identified by the first author according
to the standard method set by Cummins and Midlo
(1943). Four main types of fingerprint patterns were
classified as whorl, ulnar loop, radial loop, and arch.
Reliability of the MI questionnaire was analyzed
using the alpha Cronbach. Sex difference of each
mean MI score was analyzed using an independent
sample t-test. Relationships between types of
fingerprint pattern and means of each MI score were
analyzed using an analysis of variances (ANOVA)
and the independent sample t-test. The SPSS for
Windows version 17.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA.)
was used for statistical analyses at 95% level of
confidence.
Results
Demographic characteristics
Seventy two subjects were 43 males and
29 females who identified themselves for training
in Computers (20 persons = 27.8%), Physics (20
persons = 27.8%), Mathematics (18 persons = 25.0%),
and Biology (14 persons = 19.4%).
Reliability
Cronbachûs alpha of the 80 questions was
equal to 0.917
Multiple intelligence
Descriptive analysis of mean scores of each
MI by sex found that the intrapersonal intelligence
of male subjects was higher than other MI (29.1+4.7;
mean + standard deviation). The second and the
third highest mean scores were logical-mathematical
intelligence and musical intelligence (28.7+4.2,
26.8+6.9, respectively). Female subjects also had
the highest score of intrapersonal intelligence
(27.5+3.5) followed by spatial intelligence (25.4+4.8),
logical-mathematical intelligence (25.4+4.2), and
interpersonal intelligence (25.3+4.3). Sex differences
of MI mean scores analyzed by the independent
sample t-test showed that male subjects had
significantly higher mean MI scores than those of
females [t (71)
=3.22, p

108 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
found at 63.9%. Arch pattern was found on the
right index (12.5%), the left index and middle
fingers (11.1%), radial loop pattern appeared only
on the index fingers (8.3% on the left index; 5.6%
on the right index) as shown in Table 1. Diversity
of types of fingerprint patterns of ten-finger was
found mostly in two types of patterns i.e. whorl
plus ulnar loop (41 subjects or 56.9%) as shown in
Fig. 1.
Figure 1. Image of ten-fingerprint obtained from the Automated Inkless Fingerprint Imaging Software.
There are 8 ulnar loops [left thumb (L1), middle (L3), ring (L4), little (L5), and the right thumb
(R1), index (R2), Middle (R3), and little fingers (R5)] and 2 whorls on the left index (L2) and
right ring fingers (R4).
Table 1. Percentages of types of fingerprint pattern by left and right fingers
Pattern L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5
W 56.9 50.0 30.6 61.1 25.0 63.9 47.2 38.9 69.4 34.7
UL 41.7 30.6 58.3 33.3 70.8 36.1 34.7 59.7 29.2 61.1
RL 0 8.3 0 0 0 0 5.6 0 0 0
A 1.4 11.1 11.1 5.6 4.2 0 12.5 1.4 1.4 4.2
Total
(n)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
100.0
(72)
L1 = left thumb L2 = left index finger L3 = left middle finger
L4 = left ring finger L5 = left little finger
R1 = right thumb R2 = right index finger R3 = right middle finger
R4 = right ring finger R5 = right little finger
W = whorls (double loop whorl is included) UL = ulnar loop RL = radial loop A = arch

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«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 109
Relationship between fingerprint pattern
and multiple intelligence
The ANOVA showed that only the mean
score of the logical-mathematical MI had a
statistical significant difference between three types
of fingerprint patterns on the right middle finger i.e.
whorl, ulnar loop, and arch [F (2,70)
=4.42, p=0.02). In
other words, pattern type on the right middle finger
is able to indicate a subject who has a high mean
score of the logical-mathematical MI. The other MI
mean scores show no significant difference between
groups of fingerprint pattern types. The next step
of the analysis was to identify which type of
fingerprint pattern on the right middle finger is
able to indicate high mean scores of the logicalmathematical
MI. Considering frequencies of each
pattern type on the right middle finger, it was found
that the ulnar loop was the most prevalent (59.7%),
38.9% showed the whorl and only 1 subject (1.4%)
had the arch. Thus the least frequency was deleted
resulting in 71 subjects for the next analysis using
the independent sample t-test. Results showed that
the group of the whorl type had a significantly
higher logical-mathematical MI mean score (29.21)
than that of the ulnar loop type (26.12) [t (69)
=-3.03,
p=0.002]. This indicates that the whorl type
pattern on the right middle finger is related to the
logical-mathematical MI.
Regarding analyses of an individualûs
fingerprint pattern type and MI score as shown in
Fig. 2, it helps each subject to know both of his
or her eight multiple intelligences in ranking and
the types of fingerprint patterns.
Discussion
The reliability of the MI checklist of
this study was quite high and similar to that of a
previous study (alpha Cronbach=0.911) by Sintuwong
(2002) probably caused by similarity of subjectsû
characteristics and words using in questions which
had been adapted for students.
The logical-mathematical MI mean score
ranks the highest among the present studyûs subjects
and the previous one by Sintuwong (2002) because
both were students from the Science and Technology
field. Remarkably, students who study in the
Science and Technology field have highly intelligence
in logical-mathematics.
Authentic assessment of MI, documentation
of individual profiles and problem-solving, can be
performed by using several kinds of tools for data
collection (Armstrong, 1994) for example; anecdotal
records, work samples, audio cassettes, video tapes,
photography, sociograms, informal tests, checklists
etc.
Types of fingerprint pattern by fingers
particularly on the left and right thumbs seem to be
comparable to the previous study which had a larger
sample size of 684 subjects (Nanakorn et al.,
2007). The previous study revealed significant sex
differences of fingerprint pattern types on the left
and right thumbs, while the present study had too
small sample size to determine this statistically.
The sample size of this pilot study
encourages researchers to calculate the appropriate
sample size for future study of 1893 subjects
(Lemeshow et al., 1990; Nanakorn et al., 2009) for
investigation of 8 MI and fingerprint pattern
typesû relationships.

110 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
Figure 2. Individual report form of 8 MI scores and fingerprint pattern types

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«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 111
Conclusions
72 male and female high school students
answered the MI questionnaire of 80 items and
their ten-fingers were scanned using the fingerprint
sensor and the Automated Inkless Fingerprint
Imaging Software to investigated relationships
between types of fingerprint patterns and each of
the 8 multiple intelligences derived from Gardner.
Analyses revealed that the whorl pattern on the
right middle finger had a statistically significant
relationship to the logical-mathematical MI score.
This is the first report of an integrated analytical
study of fingerprint research and educational
knowledge on multiple intelligences. Further studies
of appropriate sample sizes need to be undertaken
to further develop this research.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all
those who participated in the study, and Professor
Brian Sheehan for checking the English. The
research was supported by Khon Kaen University.
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❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 113-119 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 113-119 (2011)
Effect of Chitosan on Growth and Development of
Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f.
Somporn Prasertsongskun 1* Witool Chaipakdee 1
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
‡µ√’¬¡‰§‚µ´“π®“°·°πÀ¡÷° ‚¥¬¥—¥·ª≈ß®“°«‘∏’¢Õß Alimunair ·≈– Zainuddin (1992) ‰¥âª√‘¡“≥
‰§‚µ´“π√âÕ¬≈– 20 (w/w) ‡¡◊ËÕπ”‚æ√‚∑§Õ√å¡¢Õß°≈⫬‰¡â‡Õ◊ÈÕ߇¢“°«“ßÕàÕπ ¡“‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߄πÕ“À“√‡À≈« Ÿµ√
VW (Vacin and Went, 1949) ∑’ˇµ‘¡‰§‚µ´“π∑’ˉ¥â®“°·°πÀ¡÷° §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 5 10 15 20 ·≈– 25 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/
≈‘µ√ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 4 —ª¥“Àå æ∫«à“‰§‚µ´“π∑ÿ°√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ°√–µÿâπ°“√‡æ‘Ë¡ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß‚æ√‚∑§Õ√å¡ ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫
‡∑’¬∫°—∫ÿ¥§«∫§ÿ¡∑’ˉ¡à‡µ‘¡‰§‚µ´“π ‡¡◊ËÕπ”‚æ√‚∑§Õ√å¡¡“‡æ“–‡≈’Ȭ߄πÕ“À“√·¢Áß æ∫«à“‰§‚µ´“π°√–µÿâπ°“√
‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß‚æ√‚∑§Õ√塉¥âÕ¬à“ß¡’π—¬ ”§—≠ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‰§‚µ´“𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 15 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√ „Àâ®”π«π
„∫ (4.3 „∫/µâπ) ®”π«π√“° (2.5 √“°/µâπ) ·≈–®”π«πÀπàÕ (1.5 ÀπàÕ/µâπ) ‡©≈’ˬ Ÿß∑’Ë ÿ¥ Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡‡¡◊ËÕ„Àâ
‰§‚µ´“𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß¢÷Èπ ®–¬—∫¬—Èß°“√‡®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ¢Õß‚æ√‚∑§Õ√å¡ µâπ°≈â“∑’ˇ®√‘≠‡µ‘∫‚µ‡¡◊ËÕπ”¬â“¬ÕÕ°ª≈Ÿ°„π
«— ¥ÿª≈Ÿ°∑’ˇªìπ∂à“π·≈–√¥¥â«¬‰§‚µ´“𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπµà“ßÊ ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 4 —ª¥“Àå æ∫«à“µâπ°≈â“¡’’«‘µ√Õ¥¡“°°«à“
√âÕ¬≈– 50
Abstract
The chitosan was prepared from cuttlebone by the modified method of Alimunair and Zainuddin
(1992) with the yield of 20% (w/w). Protocorms of Phalaenopsis cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f. were
cultured in VW (Vacin and Went, 1949) liquid medium added with chitosan from cuttlebone at five various
concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/l for 4 weeks. All chitosan concentrations could enhance
protocorm production when compared to the control without chitosan. Additionally, protocorms were also
cultured on VW semi-solid medium. The results showed the highest number of leaves (4.3 leaves), roots (2.5
roots) and shoots (1.5 shoots) could obtain when 15 mg/l of chitosan was added to the VW semi-solid
medium. However, chitosan at higher concentration showed the inhibitory effect on the growth of protocorm.
After the regenerated plantlets were potted in charcoal and watered with various concentrations of chitosan
for 4 weeks, more than 50% were of them survived.
Keywords : Chitosan, Phalaenopsis, Protocorm
1
Department of Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand 94000
* Corresponding Author, E-mail : psomporn@bunga.pn.psu.ac.th

114 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
Introduction
Chitosan is an N-deacetylated product of
chitin which is a natural carbohydrate polymer found
in crab and shrimp shells, which are waste products
from food-processing. Chitin is also found in wings
of some insects such as butterflies and ladybugs,
as well as in cell walls of yeast, mushroom and
other fungi (Devlieghere et al., 2004). Chitosan
production involves three steps: deproteination,
demineralization and deacetylation. Chitosan has been
applied in waste water treatment, biotechnology.
In agriculture, chitosan has been primarily use to
enhance plant growth and to boost the ability of
plant in defending against fungal infections (Hadwiger
et al., 2002; Barka et al., 2004). Phalaenopsis is a
dominantly epiphytic genus and most intensively
hybridized and propagated orchids. Phalaenopsis has
been known worldwide as the most valuable potted
plant. In Thailand, multiplication by tissue culture is
mostly done for mass-propagation (Young et al.,
2000). There have been many reports that chitosan
has ability to stimulate the differentiation of orchid
plant tissue (Limpanavech et al., 2003; Nge et al.,
2006; Pornpienpakdee et al., 2010; Kananont et al.,
2010). The objectives of the present study was to
determine the effect of chitosan, prepared from
cuttlebone, on micropropagation of P. cornucervi
(Breda) Blume & Rchb.f. This is the first attempt
to prepared chitosan from cuttlebone and use it to
enhance the growth of P. cornucervi (Breda) Blume
& Rchb.f.
Materials and Methods
Preparation of chitosan
Chitosan was prepared from cuttlebones
using the modified process of Alimunair and
Zainuddin (1992). Cuttlebones were obtained from
Teppitak Seafood Co.Ltd., Pattani, Thailand. They
(100 g) were cleaned with water and deproteinized
by treating with 4% sodium hydroxide for 4 h
and washed with distilled water to neutralize pH.
After this step, they were demineralized at room
temperature with 4% hydrochloric acid for 24 h,
washed with distilled water and then dried. The
obtained chitin was deacetylated using 50% sodium
hydroxide solution for 3 h. Samples were washed
with distilled water and dried in an oven at 80 ÌC.
Degree of Deacetylation (DD)
Chitosan was dissolved and stirred in 0.1
M acetic acid. After 24 h 10% sodium hydroxide
was added and stirred for 4 h. The mixture was
washed with distislled water to neutralize pH and
then wash with ethanol. The film of chitosan was
incubated in dessicator for 24 h and evaluated the
degree of deacetylation using Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometry, employing the method of
Baxter et al. (1992).
Plant materials
The mature pods of P. cornucervi (Breda)
Blume & Rchb.f. were surface sterilized with water
and then dipped in 95% ethanol and flamed in a
short period for 3 times. Seeds were scapen from
the placentae and put on Vacin and Went (VW)
(1949) medium and incubated at 25+2 ÌC in the
darkness, all germinated seeds were moved to light
condition for further development.
Effect of chitosan on protocorm growth
and development in liquid and semi-solid medium
The 12 week-old protocorms were used as
explant in VW liquid and solid medium. Protocorms
(0.6 g fresh weight/flask) were cultured in VW
liquid medium, supplemented with chitosan 5, 10,

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 115
15, 20 and 25 mg/l. Suspension of protocorms
were maintained at 25+2 ÌC, shaked at 110 rpm.
Protocorms were cultured on VW semi-solid
medium supplemented with chitosan 5, 10, 15, 20
and 25 mg/l (30 explants were used for each
treatments). Semi-solid culture medium were kept at
25+2 ÌC and provided photoperiods of 16 h per day
using cool white fluorescent. After 12 weeks, the
number of the leaves, roots, shoots and the fresh
weight (FW) of plant in semi-solid medium were
measured. Only the fresh weight of plant in liquid
medium was measured after 4 weeks of culturing.
Transplantation of plantlets
Plantlets of P. cornucervi (Breda) Blume
& Rchb.f. were dipped into fungicide solution for
15 min. They were then transferred to plastic basket
(size 27.5x13.2x12.3 cm) containing of charcoal
as planting material and watered with various
concentrations of chitosan solution at 5, 10, 15, 20
and 25 mg/l and kept under the plastic cover. The
cover were occasionally removed after the second
week to allow air circulation and to decrease the
internal humidity. After 4 weeks, the percentage
of survival was calculated using the formula as
followed:
% survival = number of plants survival x
100/total number of plants
Experimental design and data analysis
Each experiment contained 30 explants was
performed in a complete randomize design (CRD)
and repeated twice. All data were analyzed by
ANOVA and mean values were compared using
Duncanûs Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5%
significant level.
Results and discussion
Chitosan preparation
The chitosan was yielded from cuttlebone
in 20% (w/w) with 56% degree of deacetylation
(DD). The results showed that cuttlebone chitosan
had a lower degree of acetylation than brine shrimp
chitosan (67-74%) (Tajik et al., 2008). The DD
is an important parameter affecting solubility,
chemical reactivity and biodegradability. It may range
from 30-95% depending on the source and
preparation procedure (Martino et al., 2005).
Effect of chitosan on the growth of
protocorm in liquid and semi-solid medium
The results of chitosan on the growth of
protocorms in liquid were showed in Table 1 and
Figure 1. The protocorm (original weight 0.6 g) in
the medium supplemented with chitosan at various
concentrations; 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/l, were
produced more in higher weight than in the control
medium without chitosan. The effect of chitosan on
growth of protocorms cultured on the semi-solid
medium for 12 weeks was presented in Table 2.
The results showed that the highest number of leaves
(4.3 leaves), roots (2.5 roots) and shoots (1.5 shoots)
could obtain when cultured on the medium with 15
mg/l of chitosan. The result also showed that
concentration of chitosan higher than 15 mg/l
caused decreasing of growth and development of
protocorm. It was reported that chitosan stimulated
the development of Vitis vinifera L. (Barka et al.,
2004). Pornpienpakdee et al. (2010) also reported
that chitosan was found to enhance the in vitro
micropropagation of Dendrobium ùEiskulû.

116 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
Table 1. Effect of the chitosan concentration on increasing weight of protocorm after 4 weeks of culturing.
Concentration of chitosan Fresh weight
(mg/l)
(g)/flask
Physical characteristic of protocorm
0 0.61 green color and globular shape
5 0.63 green color and globular shape
10 0.65 green color and sharp-tip shape
15 0.67 green color and one leaf emerge from top of protocorm
20 0.65 green color and sharp-tip shape
25 0.65 green color change to yellow color
Data are shown as the mean and are derived from three replications.
Figure 1. Protocorms developed in liquid VW medium supplemented with different concentrations of
chitosan; 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 mg/l (from left to right) after 4 weeks of culture.
Table 2. The effect of different concentrations of chitosan on protocorm growth developing on VW
medium after culturing for 12 weeks.
Concentration of Average number Average number Average number
Fresh weight
chitosan of leaves of roots of shoots
(g)/plantlet
(mg/l) (leaves/plantlet) (roots/plantlet) (shoots/plantlet)
0 3.3+0.87ab* 2.0+0.78b 1.1+0.28b 0.10+0.05a
5 3.2+1.03b 2.3+0.90ab 1.1+0.26b 0.12+0.07a
10 3.8+1.88ab 2.3+0.97ab 1.2+0.58ab 0.14+0.15a
15 4.3+2.92a 2.5+1.21a 1.5+1.03a 0.11+0.05a
20 3.1+0.86c 2.1+0.72b 1.1+0.26b 0.10+0.08a
25 3.4+0.81ab 2.0+0.85b 1.0+0.18b 0.10+0.05a
*Each value represented the mean +SD of replicated explants which were recorded after 12 weeks of culture.
The different letters indicated significant different at p< 0.05 by DMRT.

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 117
Transplantation of plantlets
Plantlets transferred to charcoal (Table 3
and Figure 2) had no statistical difference among
given chitosan. However, about 77.78% of survival
could receive on plants developed in charcoal
and treated with 10 mg/l chitosan solution. The
regenerated plants were characterized by growth and
produced well of normal shoot. Our investigation
was similar to the previous report that 10 mg/l
chitosan stimulated shoot and root in Paphiopedium
bellatum x PAPH. Angthong (Kleangkeo et al., 2003).
Table 3. Effect of chitosan on the percentage of survival of P. cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f. after
4 weeks of transplantation.
Concentration of chitosan
(mg/l)
survival rate (%) characteristic of plantlets
0 72.22 a leaves and roots were well developed
5 61.11a plantlet were stunted
10 77.78a multiplicated of shoot, leaves and roots
were well developed
15 70.00a leaves and roots were well developed
20 71.60a leaves and roots were well developed
25 60.00a leaves and roots were well developed
Figure 2.
Transplantation of plants on charcoal and watering with 10 mg/l chitosan after 4 weeks of
transfer.

118 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
In conclusion, chitosan could be prepared
from cuttlebone and was applied successively
to stimulate the growth and development of
P. cornucervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f.
Acknowledgement
The authors are grateful to Asst. Prof.
Dr. Vanida Chairgulprasert, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Prince of Songkla University, for her
kind proof-reading and comment of this manuscript
and Mr. Jirasak Kongkoon for his help preparation
of chitosan. This study was supported by grant from
the Research Fund, Prince of Songkla University,
Thailand.
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«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 120-129 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 120-129 (2011)
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Simple Analytical Method for the Determination of
Sulfonamides in Pharmaceutical Preparations by
Spectrophotometry Using 8-Hydroxyquinoline
as Coupling Reagent
Õ√‘»√“ ®√“°√ 1 «‘¿“√—µπå ‡◊ÈÕ«¥ 1* ·≈– √—µπ“ π—Ëπ‡¡◊Õß 1
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(SFD) ·≈– ´—≈ø“‡¡∑“´’π (SFM) „π ¿“«–∑’ˇªìπ‡∫ À≈—ß®“°∑”„À⇰‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‰¥Õ–‚´‰∑´å‡´—π ‰¥â‡ªìπ
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°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢Õß SFMx, SFD ·≈– SFM ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 0.0283 0.0292 ·≈– 0.0298 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡µàÕ≈‘µ√ µ“¡
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°“√°≈—∫§◊πÕ¬Ÿà„πà«ß 92.2 - 123.4 ‰¥âπ”‡∑§π‘§∑’Ëæ—≤π“¢÷Èπ‰ªª√–¬ÿ°µå„â„π°“√À“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å
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Abstract
A rapid, selective and simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of some sulfonamide
preparations was developed in present work. The method was based on the diazotization reaction of
sulfamethoxazole (SFMx), sulfadiazine (SFD) and sulfamethazine (SFM) with 8-hydroxyquinoline in alkaline
1
¿“§«‘“‡§¡’ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬π‡√»«√ ®—ßÀ«—¥æ‘…≥ÿ‚≈° 65000
* Corresponding Author, E-mail : wipharatc@nu.ac.th

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 121
media. The absorbance of the resulting orange red azo products were measured at the maximum wavelength
of 500 nm. The limit of detection for SFMx, SFD and SFM were 0.0283, 0.0292 and 0.0298 mg L -1 ,
respectively. The precision (%RSD) in the range of 0.41 - 5.17 % and accuracy (%recovery) in the range of
92.2 - 123.4 % were obtained. The method was successfully applied for the determination of sulfonamides
in various pharmaceutical preparations with satisfactory results.
§” ”§—≠ : ´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å ‰¥Õ–‚´‰∑´å‡´—𠇪§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’ µ—«Õ¬à“߬“
Keywords : Sulfonamides, Diazotization, Spectrophotometry, Pharmaceutical preparations
∫∑π”
¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å (sulfonamides) ‡ªìπ¬“
Õ’°π‘¥Àπ÷Ëß∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„â°—πÕ¬à“ß·æ√àÀ≈“¬‡π◊ËÕß®“°¡’ƒ∑∏‘Ï
°«â“ß·≈–¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√µâ“π‡◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬∑’Ë¥’
·≈–¡’√“§“∂Ÿ° ‚¥¬π”¡“„â„π°“√∫”∫—¥√—°…“‚√§∑’ˇ°‘¥
®“°‡◊ÈÕ·∫§∑’‡√’¬ ‡àπ ´—≈ø“‰¥Õ–´’π (SFD) π‘¬¡
„â ”À√—∫°“√µ‘¥‡◊ÈÕ∑’˺‘«Àπ—ß ´—≈ø“‡¡∑Õ°´“‚´π
(SFMx) „â„π°“√√—°…“‚√§µ‘¥‡◊ÈÕ„π∑“߇¥‘πªí “«–
(‚Õ¿“ «—√–§ÿªµå, 2551) ·≈–´—≈ø“‡¡∑“´’π (SFM)
„â√—°…“‚√§µ‘¥‡◊ÈÕ„π√à“ß°“¬ (°¡≈—¬ µ√ß«“π‘π“¡,
2544) ´÷Ëß Ÿµ√‚§√ß √â“ߢÕ߬“∑—Èß “¡π‘¥ · ¥ß„π
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1
H 2 N
SO 2 NH
N O CH 3
H 2 N
SO 2 NH
N
N
Sulfamethoxazole (STMx)
Sulfadiazine (SFD)
H 2 N
SO 2 NH
N
N
CH 3
CH 3
Sulfamethazine (SFM)
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 Ÿµ√‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß´—≈ø“‡¡∑Õ°´“‚´≈ (SFMx) ´—≈ø“‰¥Õ–´’π (SFD) ·≈– ´—≈ø“‡¡∑“´’π (SFM)
(∑’Ë¡“: °¡≈—¬ µ√ß«“π‘π“¡, 2544)
„πªí®®ÿ∫—πºŸâ∫√‘‚¿§π‘¬¡´◊ÈÕ¬“¡“√—°…“‡Õß
‚¥¬‰¡à¡’·æ∑¬åÀ√◊Õ‡¿ —°√·π–π”®÷ß¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â√—∫
¬“¥âÕ¬§ÿ≥¿“æÀ√◊Մ⬓º‘¥«‘∏’„π°“√„â∫”∫—¥√—°…“ Ÿß
∑”„À⺟â„⬓‰¥â√—∫Õ—πµ√“¬®“°°“√„⬓լà“߉¡à∂Ÿ°«‘∏’
·≈–‰¡à‰¥â¡“µ√∞“π‰¥â ∂â“À“°„â„π¢π“¥µË”Ê ‡ªìπ
‡«≈“π“π®–∑”„Àâ·∫§∑’‡√’¬‡°‘¥°“√¥◊ÈÕ¬“ πÕ°®“°π’È
¬—ßæ∫«à“¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å∑”„À⇰‘¥°“√·æ⬓‰¥â„π
ºŸâªÉ«¬∫“ߧπ ´÷Ëßæ∫‰¥âª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 3-5 ¢ÕߺŸâªÉ«¬
‡àπ ‡°‘¥À≈Õ¥‡≈◊Õ¥·¥ßÕ—°‡ ∫ (arteritis) „πÕ«—¬«–
µà“ßÊ ‡à𠵓 ‰µ µ—∫Õ—°‡ ∫ ‡ªìπµâπ ‚¥¬ƒ∑∏‘Ï·∑√°·´ß
¢Õ߬“´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥åÕ“®∑”„À⺟âªÉ«¬∫“ß√“¬‡ ’¬’«‘µ‰¥â
„π°“√„⬓°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥åµâÕß·πà„®«à“‡◊ÈÕ‰«µàÕ
¬“π’È ·≈–„â„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡ ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ßµâÕß¡’°“√
«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å∑’Ë¡’„π

122 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
µ—«Õ¬à“߬“∑“߇¿ —°√√¡«à“‰¥â¡“µ√∞“πµ“¡ª√‘¡“≥∑’Ë
√–∫ÿ‰«âµ“¡¢â“ߺ≈‘µ¿—≥±åÀ√◊Õ‰¡à ‡æ◊ËÕªÑÕß°—πÕ—πµ√“¬
µà“ßÊ À√◊ÕÕ“°“√‰¡àæ÷ߪ√– ߧå∑’Ë®–‡°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°°“√
„⬓·≈–¬—߇ªìπ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õ߬“°≈ÿà¡
´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å∑’Ë¡’®”Àπà“¬∑—Ë«‰ªÕ’°¥â«¬
®“°°“√§âπ§«â“√“¬ß“π°“√«‘®—¬∑’˺à“π¡“°“√
À“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥åπ‘¬¡„â‡∑§π‘§
‰π‰µ√∑å‰∑‡∑√—π (nitrite titration) (U.S. Pharmacopeia)
´÷Ë߇ªìπ«‘∏’¡“µ√∞“π ”À√—∫„âÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡
´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å (Antonio Hernandez - Cardoso, B.S.,
Scientist, Latin American Specialist, 2553) ´÷Ëß¡’
¢âÕ‡ ’¬ §◊Õ ‰¡à “¡“√∂∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå„π√–¥—∫µË”‰¥â
(µË”°«à“√–¥—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ ‚¡≈/≈‘µ√) πÕ°®“°π’È°“√
«‘‡§√“–Àå¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§‰π‰µ√∑å‰∑‡∑√—π¬—ßµâÕß„â
√’‡Õ‡®πµå„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå„πª√‘¡“≥¡“° ´÷Ëß ‘Èπ‡ª≈◊Õß
“√‡§¡’„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå µàÕ¡“¡’°“√æ—≤π“‡∑§π‘§°“√
«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‚¥¬Õ“»—¬À≈—°
°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õß “√Õπÿæ—π∏å¢Õß´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å
°—∫√’‡Õ‡®πµå∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡À≈“¬π‘¥ ‡àπ 7,8,8,
8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (Mohamed, 1989),
p-aminohippurate (Preuss et al., 1988), Immodibenzyl
(Nagaraja et al., 2002), 3-Aminophenol (Nagaraja
et al., 2003) ·≈– 8 - hydroxyquinoline (Nagaraja
et al., 2007) ·≈â«∑”„À⇰‘¥‡ªìπº≈‘µ¿—≥±å¢Õß “√
ª√–°Õ∫∑’Ë¡’ ’ „π√Ÿª¢Õß Azo dye ·≈– “√ª√–°Õ∫
Õ◊ËπÊ ´÷Ëß “¡“√∂∑”°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡
´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‰¥â‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’ „π
ß“π«‘®—¬π’È®÷߉¥â∑”°“√À“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√
«‘‡§√“–Àå “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å 3 π‘¥ (SFMx, SFD,
SFM) ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‰¥Õ–‚´‰∑´å‡´—π·≈â«
∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√à«¡°—∫ 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°
8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π „Àâ§à“ ε max
Ÿß´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡®”‡æ“–
‡®“–®ßµàÕ¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—߇ªìπ«‘∏’
∑’Ëßà“¬·≈–„⇫≈“„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåπâÕ¬‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫
√’‡Õ‡®πµåπ‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ´÷Ëß®–‰¥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫
∑’Ë¡’ â¡·¥ß ‚¥¬®–π” ¿“«–∑’Ëæ—≤π“¢÷Èπ¡“ª√–¬ÿ°µå
„â„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å∑’Ë¡’
®”Àπà“¬¿“¬„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬∫“ßπ‘¥ ‡æ◊ËÕ‡ªìπ°“√
ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æ¢Õ߬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§
‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’´÷Ë߇ªìπ‡∑§π‘§∑’Ëßà“¬ √«¥‡√Á« ·≈–
¡’§«“¡®”‡æ“–‡®“–®ßµàÕ°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåµ√«®À“ª√‘¡“≥
“√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å„πµ—«Õ¬à“߬“∑“߇¿ —°√√¡‰¥â
Õ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß ‚¥¬‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫«‘∏’¡“µ√∞“π„π°“√
«‘‡§√“–Àå¥â«¬‡∑§π‘¥‰π‰µ√∑å‰∑‡∑√—π
«‘∏’¥”‡π‘πß“π
1. ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë„â„π°“√∑¥≈Õß
°“√À“§à“§«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ„π°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π
· ß Ÿß ÿ¥ (λ max
) ¢Õß´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å·µà≈–𑥄â
‡§√◊ËÕß ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ¡‘‡µÕ√åπ‘¥≈”· ߧŸà (Double
beam spectrophotometer, Perkin-Elmer √ÿàπ Lambda
20) à«π°“√À“ ¿“«–∑’Ë ¡„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“
ª√‘¡“≥´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å·µà≈–𑥂¥¬°“√«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥
°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 500 π“‚π‡¡µ√ „⇧√◊ËÕß
‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ¡‘‡µÕ√åπ‘¥≈”· ߇¥’ˬ« (Single beam
UV-VIS spectrophotometer √ÿàπ UNICAM 862) ·≈–
„π°“√À“ª√‘¡“≥´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å„πµ—«Õ¬à“߬“π‘¥µà“ßÊ
¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§‰π‰µ√∑å‰∑‡∑√—π„⇧√◊ËÕß Potentiometer
(HORIBA pH / ion Meter F - 23)
2. √’‡Õ‡®πµå ”À√—∫°“√∑¥≈Õß
‡µ√’¬¡ “√≈–≈“¬¡“µ√∞“π SFMx (Sigma
- Aldrich, Switzerland), SFD (Sigma - Aldrich,
Switzerland) ·≈– SFM (Sigma - Aldrich, Switzerland)
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 506 500 ·≈– 556 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√
µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ª√‘¡“µ√ 50 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ „π°√¥´—≈øŸ√‘°
(Labscan , Thailand) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 ‚¡≈“√å ·≈–„â
πÈ”ª√“»®“°‰ÕÕÕπ„π°“√ª√—∫ª√‘¡“µ√ “√≈–≈“¬
‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑å (Univar, Auckland, New Zealand)
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 % w/v ª√‘¡“µ√ 100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ “√
≈–≈“¬°√¥´—≈ø“¡‘§ (Riedel - de Haen AG -D -30926
Seelze, Germany) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 2 % w/v ª√‘¡“µ√
100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈– “√≈–≈“¬‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 123
(Pro analysis Merck, Germany) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 5 ‚¡≈“√å
ª√‘¡“µ√ 100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ „π°“√‡µ√’¬¡ “√≈–≈“¬¥—ß
°≈à“«„âπÈ”ª√“»®“°‰ÕÕÕπ‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬·≈–ª√—∫
ª√‘¡“µ√ ”À√—∫ “√≈–≈“¬ 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π
(Acros Organincs, New Jersey, USA) §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
0.5 % w/v ª√‘¡“µ√ 100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡µ√’¬¡‚¥¬„â
‡¡∑“πÕ≈ (Labscan , Thailand) ‡ªìπµ—«∑”≈–≈“¬
·≈–ª√—∫ª√‘¡“µ√
3. «‘∏’°“√∑¥≈Õß
ªî‡ªµ “√≈–≈“¬¡“µ√∞“𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
5 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√ „ ࢫ¥«—¥ª√‘¡“µ√¢π“¥ 25 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
·≈â«∑”„À⇬Áπ„πÕà“ßπÈ”·¢Áß ‡ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’ ·≈â«
‡µ‘¡‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑姫“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 % w/v ª√‘¡“µ√
0.5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡¢¬à“„À⺠¡°—π ®“°π—Èπµ—Èß∑‘È߉«â 5 π“∑’
·≈⫇µ‘¡ 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.5 %
w/v ª√‘¡“µ√ 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√·≈–‡µ‘¡‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 5 ‚¡≈“√å ª√‘¡“µ√ 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ª√—∫
ª√‘¡“µ√¥â«¬πÈ”ª√“»®“°‰ÕÕÕπ®π§√∫ 25 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
‡¢¬à“„À⺠¡°—π·≈⫵—Èß∑‘È߉«â 5 π“∑’ 𔉪 ·°πÀ“
§à“§«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ„π°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß Ÿß ÿ¥„πà«ß 300
- 750 π“‚π‡¡µ√ ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ¡‘‡µÕ√åπ‘¥
≈”· ߧŸà‡æ◊ËÕÀ“§à“ λ max
¢Õß “√¡“µ√∞“π SFMx, SFD
·≈– SFM
°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«Õ¬à“߬“‡¡Á¥ ∑”°“√ ÿà¡·≈–
‡µ√’¬¡¬“µ“¡«‘∏’¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß USP ‚¥¬π”¬“‡¡Á¥
®”π«π 20 ‡¡Á¥ ¡“∫¥„Àâ≈–‡Õ’¬¥·≈â«—Ëßµ—«Õ¬à“ß¡“
0.0250 °√—¡‚¥¬„⇧√◊ËÕß—Ëß 4 µ”·Àπàß (Shimadzu
AW220, Japan) 𔉪≈–≈“¬¥â«¬°√¥´—≈øŸ√‘°§«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 ‚¡≈“√å ª√‘¡“µ√ 5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√·≈â«°√Õߥ⫬
°√–¥“…°√Õß Whatman ‡∫Õ√å 1 ®“°π—Èπª√—∫ª√‘¡“µ√
¥â«¬πÈ”ª√“»®“°‰ÕÕÕπ®π§√∫ 50 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ªî‡ªµ
“√≈–≈“¬µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇµ√’¬¡‰¥â„ ࢫ¥«—¥ª√‘¡“µ√¢π“¥
25 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«∑”„À⇬Áπ„πÕà“ßπÈ”·¢Á߇ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’
‡µ‘¡‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑姫“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 % w/v ª√‘¡“µ√
0.5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡¢¬à“„À⺠¡°—π·≈â«∑‘È߉«â 5 π“∑’ ·≈â«
‡µ‘¡ 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.5 % w/v
ª√‘¡“µ√ 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
5 ‚¡≈“√å ª√‘¡“µ√ 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈⫪√—∫ª√‘¡“µ√¥â«¬
πÈ”ª√“»®“°‰ÕÕÕπ®π§√∫ 25 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡¢¬à“„À⺠¡
°—π·≈⫵—Èß∑‘È߉«â 5 π“∑’ 𔉪«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’Ë
§«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 500 π“‚π‡¡µ√ ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß ‡ª§‚µ√-
‚ø‚µ¡‘‡µÕ√åπ‘¥≈”· ߇¥’ˬ«‚¥¬„â “√≈–≈“¬·∫≈ߧå
ª√—∫§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ߇ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°àÕπ°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«Õ¬à“߬“πÈ” ∑”°“√ ÿà¡·≈–‡µ√’¬¡
¬“µ“¡«‘∏’¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß USP ‚¥¬ªî‡ªµµ—«Õ¬à“߬“πÈ”
·≈â«π”‰ª≈–≈“¬¥â«¬°√¥´—≈øŸ√‘°§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 ‚¡≈“√å
ª√‘¡“µ√ 5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√∑”°“√°√Õߥ⫬°√–¥“…°√Õß
Whatman ‡∫Õ√å 1 ª√—∫ª√‘¡“µ√¥â«¬πÈ”ª√“»®“°‰ÕÕÕπ
®π§√∫ 50 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ªî‡ªµ “√≈–≈“¬µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ˇµ√’¬¡
„ ࢫ¥«—¥ª√‘¡“µ√¢π“¥ 25 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈â«∑”„À⇬Áπ
„πÕà“ßπÈ”·¢Á߇ªìπ‡«≈“ 5 π“∑’ ‡µ‘¡‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑å
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 % w/v ª√‘¡“µ√ 0.5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡¢¬à“
„À⺠¡°—π·≈⫵—Èß∑‘È߉«â 5 π“∑’ ·≈⫇µ‘¡ 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’-
§«‘‚π≈’𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.5 % w/v ª√‘¡“µ√ 1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√
‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 5 ‚¡≈“√å ª√‘¡“µ√
1 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ·≈⫪√—∫ª√‘¡“µ√¥â«¬πÈ”ª√“»®“°‰ÕÕÕπ
®π§√∫ 25 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ ‡¢¬à“„À⺠¡°—π·≈⫵—Èß∑‘È߉«â
5 π“∑’ 𔉪«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 500
π“‚π‡¡µ√ ¥â«¬‡§√◊ËÕß ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ¡‘‡µÕ√åπ‘¥
≈”· ߇¥’ˬ«‚¥¬„â “√≈–≈“¬·∫≈ߧåª√—∫§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π
· ߇ªìπ»Ÿπ¬å°àÕπ°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
°“√»÷°…“¢’¥®”°—¥µË” ÿ¥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
(Limit of detection, LOD) ¢’¥®”°—¥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
À“ª√‘¡“≥ (Limit of quantitation, LOQ) §«“¡‡∑’ˬß
(precision) ·≈–§«“¡·¡àπ (accuracy) „π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
∑”‰¥â‚¥¬°“√‡µ√’¬¡ “√¡“µ√∞“π´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å·µà≈–
π‘¥∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 3 5 7 ·≈– 9 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√
”À√—∫ √â“ß°√“ø¡“µ√∞“π ·≈â««—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π
· ߢÕß “√≈–≈“¬·∫≈ߧ宔π«π 10 §√—Èß ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪
À“§à“‡∫’ˬ߇∫π¡“µ√∞“π (SD) ®“°π—Èπ§”π«≥À“¢’¥
®”°—¥µË” ÿ¥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–À宓° 3 SD blk
/ slope §à“
¢’¥®”°—¥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥§”π«≥‰¥â®“°

124 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
10 SD blk
/ slope °“√»÷°…“§«“¡‡∑’ˬ߄π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
∑”‚¥¬«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ߢÕß “√≈–≈“¬¡“µ√∞“π
·µà≈–§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ´È”®”π«π 3 §√—Èß ‡æ◊ËÕ𔉪À“§à“
‡∫’ˬ߇∫π¡“µ√∞“π (SD) ·≈–§à“√âÕ¬≈–¢Õߧà“
‡∫’ˬ߇∫π¡“µ√∞“π —¡æ—∑∏å (%RSD) ”À√—∫°“√À“
§«“¡·¡àπ„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåπ—Èπ “¡“√∂∑”‰¥â‚¥¬°“√
«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å·µà≈–π‘¥∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà„π
µ—«Õ¬à“߬“π‘¥µà“ßÊ ·≈â«π”§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’ˉ¥â‰ª
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’Ë√–∫ÿ‰«â¢â“ß©≈“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å
°“√æ—≤π“‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’ ”À√—∫°“√
«‘‡§√“–Àåµ√«®À“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å„π
µ—«Õ¬à“߬“∑“߇¿ —°√√¡π—ÈπÕ“»—¬ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ
¥—ß· ¥ßµ“¡ √Ÿª∑’Ë 2
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‚¥¬„â 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’𠇪ìπ√’‡Õ‡®πµå
„π°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√à«¡ (∑’Ë¡“: Nagaraja et al., 2007)
º≈°“√«‘®—¬
°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å
‚¥¬Õ“»—¬À≈—°°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õß “√Õπÿæ—π∏å¢Õß
´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å°—∫ 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π „π ¿“«–∑’Ë
‡ªìπ‡∫ À≈—ß∑”„À⇰‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‰¥Õ–‚´‰∑´å‡´—π ®–‰¥â
‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫ ’ â¡·¥ß´÷Ëß¡’§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß
Ÿß ÿ¥∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 500 π“‚π‡¡µ√ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 ‡ª§µ√—¡°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ߢÕß “√¡“µ√∞“π´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å SFMx, SFD ·≈– SFM ∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
5 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 125
®“°º≈°“√»÷°…“À“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π
°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‚¥¬
‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’¥—ß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ´÷Ë߉¥â
∑”°“√»÷°…“∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 5 æ“√“¡‘‡µÕ√å ‰¥â·°à º≈¢Õß
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß°√¥´—≈øŸ√‘° §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß
‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑å §«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß°√¥´—≈ø“¡‘§ §«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π ·≈–º≈¢Õߧ«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å æ∫«à“„π°“√
«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‰¡à®”‡ªìπ
µâÕß¡’°“√‡µ‘¡°√¥´—≈øŸ√‘°‡æ‘Ë¡‡µ‘¡
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 º≈°“√À“ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å (SFMx, SFD ·≈– SFM
§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 5 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√) ‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’ (°) °√¥´—≈øŸ√‘°„πà«ß§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
0 - 0.1 ‚¡≈“√å (¢) ‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑å„πà«ß§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0 - 0.05 %w/v (§) °√¥´—≈ø“¡‘§„π
à«ß§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0 - 0.8 %w/v (ß) 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π„πà«ß§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0 - 0.020 %w/v
(®) ‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å„πà«ß§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0 - 0.2 M (n = 3)

126 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°„π°“√‡µ√’¬¡µ—«Õ¬à“߬“
´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‰¥â„â°√¥´—≈øŸ√‘°„π°“√≈–≈“¬µ—«Õ¬à“ß
¬“·≈â« ´÷Ëß¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°æÕ„π°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“„π
¿“«–∑’ˇªìπ°√¥ ®“°°“√»÷°…“º≈¢Õߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
¢Õß “√≈–≈“¬‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑åæ∫«à“∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
0.02 % w/v π—Èπ„Àâ§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß Ÿß ÿ¥·≈–¡’
·π«‚π⡧ß∑’ˇ¡◊ËÕ§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ Ÿß¢÷Èπ®÷߇≈◊Õ°∑’˧«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.02 %w/v ‡ªì𧫓¡‡¢â¡¢âπ∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡„π
°“√»÷°…“¢—ÈπµàÕ‰ª πÕ°®“°π’È„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“
ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕ߇µ‘¡
°√¥´—≈ø“¡‘§„π°“√°”®—¥‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑å∑’ˇÀ≈◊Õ
®“°°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°„â‚´‡¥’¬¡‰π‰µ√∑å„π
ª√‘¡“≥‡≈Á°πâÕ¬‡∑à“π—Èπ ”À√—∫º≈¢Õߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ
¢Õß 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π æ∫«à“∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.02
% w/v „Àâ§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß¡“° ÿ¥ ·µà‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡
‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß 8 - ‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ®–„Àâ§à“
°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ߧß∑’Ë ¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷߇≈◊Õ°„⧫“¡‡¢â¡¢âππ’È
„π°“√»÷°…“¢—ÈπµàÕ‰ª à«πº≈¢Õߧ«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß
‚´‡¥’¬¡‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥åæ∫«à“∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 0.2 ‚¡≈“√å
‡ªìπ ¿“«–∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡·µà‡¡◊ËÕ§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß‚´‡¥’¬¡
‰Œ¥√Õ°‰´¥å‡æ‘Ë¡¡“°¢÷Èπ®–∑”„Àâ§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß
§ß∑’ˉ¡à‡°‘¥°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ß
®“° ¿“«–‡À¡“– ¡∑’ˉ¥â„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“
ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√-
‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’‰¥â∑”°“√»÷°…“ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
(analytical performance) ‰¥âº≈°“√∑¥≈Õߥ—ß· ¥ß
„πµ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 æ∫«à“¢’¥®”°—¥µË” ÿ¥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
(3 S blk
/ slope) ¢Õß SFMx, SFD ·≈– SFM ¡’§à“
‡∑à“°—∫ 0.0283 0.0292 ·≈– 0.0298 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√
µ“¡≈”¥—∫ §à“¢’¥®”°—¥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥ (10
SD blk
/ slope) ¢Õß SFMx SFD ·≈– SFM ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫
0.0944 0.0973 ·≈– 0.0992 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√ µ“¡≈”¥—∫
§«“¡‡∑’ˬ߄π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå (%RSD) ‚¥¬∑”°“√»÷°…“
∑’˧«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ 1 3 5 7 ·≈– 9 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√ ®“°
∑¥≈Õß«—¥§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß´È” 3 §√—Èß ¡’§à“Õ¬Ÿà„π
à«ß√âÕ¬≈– 0.41 - 5.17 ·≈–„⇫≈“„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
µàÕÀπ÷Ëßµ—«Õ¬à“߇ªìπ‡«≈“ 25 π“∑’
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå (analytical performance) „π°“√À“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿ à¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å‚¥¬
‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’
Sulfonamides
SFMx SFD SFM
(y = ax + b)
y = 0.1059X + 0.0563 y = 0.1029X + 0.0833 y = 0.1008X + 0.0435
R 2 0.9990 0.9945 0.9976
%RSD 0.77 - 5.17 0.41 - 1.58 1.03 - 1.96
LOD (mg L -1 ) 0.0283 0.0292 0.0298
LOQ (mg L -1 ) 0.0944 0.0973 0.0992
max 505.0 500.8 501.7
max 2.98 10 4 2.87 10 4 2.97 10 4
slope 0.1059 0.1029 0.1008

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 127
°“√»÷°…“§«“¡·¡àπ¢Õß«‘∏’„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå
À“ª√‘¡“≥´—≈‚ø‰¡¥å·µà≈–𑥂¥¬„â‡∑§π‘§∑’Ëæ—≤π“
¢÷Èπ ´÷Ëß· ¥ß„π√Ÿª§à“√âÕ¬≈–°“√°≈—∫§◊π (% recovery)
“¡“√∂· ¥ß‰¥â¥—ßµ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ®“°º≈°“√∑¥≈Õßæ∫«à“
§à“√âÕ¬≈–°“√°≈—∫§◊π¢Õß “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å„π
µ—«Õ¬à“߬“∑“߇¿ —°√√¡®”π«π 9 π‘¥ ‚¥¬µ—«Õ¬à“߬“
∑’ˇªì𬓇¡Á¥ §◊Õ µ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë 1 (SFMx), 2 (SFMx)
3 (SFMx) 4 (SFD) 5 (SFD) ·≈– 9 (SFMx) ”À√—∫
µ—«Õ¬à“߬“∑’ˇªìπ¬“πÈ”§◊Õ 6 (SFMx) 7 (SFMx) ·≈–
8 (SFM) ¡’§à“Õ¬Ÿà„πà«ß√âÕ¬≈– 92.2 - 123.4 ´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà„π
à«ß∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â ·≈–§«“¡‡¢â¡¢âπ¢Õß´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å
∑’Ë«‘‡§√“–À剥â„πµ—«Õ¬à“߬“π‘¥µà“ßÊ ‚¥¬„â‡∑§π‘§
∑’Ëæ—≤π“¡’§à“„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫§à“∑’Ë√–∫ÿ‰«â„π©≈“°º≈‘µ¿—≥±å
¬“·≈–®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑“ß ∂‘µ‘ (Paired t-test) ‚¥¬
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–À宓°‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ-
‡¡µ√’∑’Ëæ—≤π“¢÷Èπ°—∫‡∑§π‘§‰π‰µ√∑å‰∑‡∑√—π´÷Ë߇ªìπ«‘∏’
¡“µ√∞“π ”À√—∫°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å
„πµ—«Õ¬à“߬“π‘¥µà“ßÊ æ∫«à“‰¡à·µ°µà“ß°—πÕ¬à“ß¡’
π—¬ ”§—≠∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡‡◊ËÕ¡—Ëπ √âÕ¬≈– 95 (P=0.05)
‚¥¬§à“ t stat
¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 2.21 (t crit
= 2.31)
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å·≈–√âÕ¬≈–°“√°≈—∫§◊π (% recovery) ‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§
‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫«‘∏’‰π‰µ√∑å‰∑‡∑√—π
a ± SD (n=3)
8 -
Label claim a % Recovery Remark
1 SFMx 920.82 ± 0.01 741.30 ±13.70 800 115.10 ± 0.01 Tablets
2 SFMx 917.45 ± 0.03 751.41± 6.64 800 114.68± 0.00 Tablets
3 SFMx 819.70 ± 0.01 374.44± 8.55 800 102.46± 0.01 Tablets
4 SFD 553.01 ± 0.01 470.00± 6.98 500 110.60± 0.01 Tablets
5 SFD 579.76 ± 0.01 460.00± 13.32 500 115.95± 0.01 Tablets
6 SFMx 213.11 ± 0.02 147.50± 5.33 200 106.61± 0.02 Solution
7 SFMx 246.91 ± 0.02 170.78± 12.79 200 123.45± 0.02 Solution
8 SFM 11,530.30 ± 0.07 10,411.00± 1.72 12,500 92.24± 0.07 Solution
9 SFMx 418.25 ± 0.05 379.50± 11.27 400 104.55± 0.05 Tablets
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ a
µ—«Õ¬à“߬“𑥇¡Á¥ 1 2 3 4 5 ·≈– 9 Àπ૬‡ªìπ ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/‡¡Á¥ µ—«Õ¬à“߬“π‘¥πÈ” 6 Àπ૬‡ªìπ
¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/ 5 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ µ—«Õ¬à“߬“π‘¥πÈ” 7 Àπ૬‡ªìπ ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√ µ—«Õ¬à“߬“π‘¥πÈ”
8 Àπ૬‡ªìπ ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/100 ¡‘≈≈‘≈‘µ√

128 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
√ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥å
®“°‡∑§π‘§ ‡ª§‚µ√‚ø‚µ‡¡µ√’∑’Ëæ—≤π“¢÷Èπ
„π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å„πµ—«Õ¬à“ß
¬“∑“߇¿ —°√√¡ ´÷ËßÕ“»—¬À≈—°°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“¢Õß
“√Õπÿæ—π∏å°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å°—∫ 8-‰Œ¥√Õ°´’§«‘‚π≈’π
‚¥¬∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√à«¡°—∫´—≈ø“‡¡∑Õ°´“‚´≈ (SFMx)
´—≈ø“‰¥Õ–´’π (SFD) ·≈–´—≈ø“‡¡∑“´’π (SFM)
„π ¿“«–∑’ˇªìπ‡∫ À≈—ß®“°∑”„À⇰‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‰¥Õ–‚´-
‰∑´å‡´—𠉥âº≈‘µ¿—≥±å‡ªìπ “√ª√–°Õ∫ ’ â¡·¥ß´÷Ëß
¡’§à“°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π· ß Ÿß ÿ¥∑’˧«“¡¬“«§≈◊Ëπ 500 π“‚π
‡¡µ√ æ∫«à“§à“¢’¥®”°—¥µË” ÿ¥„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢Õß SFMx
SFD ·≈– SFM ¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 0.0283 0.0292 ·≈–
0.0298 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√ µ“¡≈”¥—∫ §à“¢’¥®”°—¥„π°“√
«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¢Õß SFMx SFD ·≈– SFM §◊Õ
0.0944 0.0973 ·≈– 0.0992 ¡‘≈≈‘°√—¡/≈‘µ√ µ“¡≈”¥—∫
§«“¡‡∑’ˬ߄π°“√«‘‡§√“–ÀåÕ¬Ÿà„πà«ß√âÕ¬≈– 0.41 - 5.17
§«“¡·¡àπ„π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå· ¥ß„π√Ÿª√âÕ¬≈–°“√°≈—∫
§◊πÕ¬Ÿà„πà«ß√âÕ¬≈– 92.24 - 123.45 «‘∏’°“√∑’Ëæ—≤π“
¢÷Èππ’È„â√’‡Õ‡®πµå„π°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“πâÕ¬‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫
‡∑’¬∫°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬∑’˺à“π¡“ (Nagaraja et al., 2007) ·≈–¬—ß
“¡“√∂𔉪ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â„π°“√À“ª√‘¡“≥ “√°≈ÿà¡
´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å∑’Ë¡’„πµ—«Õ¬à“߬“∑“߇¿ —°√√¡π‘¥µà“ßÊ
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¬“°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß “¡“√∂π”‡∑§π‘§
∑’Ëæ—≤π“¢÷Èπ‰ªª√–¬ÿ°µå„â‡æ◊ËÕÀ“ª√‘¡“≥¬“°≈ÿà¡
´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å∑’˵°§â“ßÕ¬Ÿà„πµ—«Õ¬à“ßπ‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ‡àπ
πÈ”º÷Èß ‡π◊ÈÕ —µ«å ª≈“ ‰¢à ‡ªìπµâπ ´÷Ë߇ªìπß“π«‘®—¬µàÕ
¬Õ¥„πÕ𓧵 ‚¥¬‡∑§π‘§∑’Ëæ—≤π“¢÷Èππ’È¡’¢âÕ¥’ §◊Õ
‡ªìπ‡∑§π‘§∑’Ë¡’§«“¡√«¥‡√Á«·≈–¡’¢—ÈπµÕπ„π°“√
«‘‡§√“–À剡ഗ∫´âÕπ Õ’°∑—È߬—ß¡’§«“¡®”‡æ“–‡®“–®ß Ÿß
µàÕ “√°≈ÿà¡´—≈‚øπ“‰¡¥å·≈–‰¡à®”‡ªìπµâÕß„âÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘
Ÿß¡“°„π¢—ÈπµÕπ°“√∑”ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√à«¡°àÕπ°“√
«‘‡§√“–Àå
°‘µµ‘°√√¡ª√–°“»
¢Õ¢Õ∫§ÿ≥ ¥√.¬ÿ∑∏æß…å Õÿ¥·πàπ ∑’Ë„À⧔
ª√÷°…“µ≈Õ¥°“√«‘®—¬ ¿“§«‘“‡§¡’ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬π‡√»«√∑’Ë„À⧫“¡Õπÿ‡§√“–Àå∑“ߥâ“π
‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ·≈–Õÿª°√≥å„π°“√«‘®—¬ ∂“∫—π à߇ √‘¡°“√
Õπ«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ (‚§√ß°“√ à߇ √‘¡
°“√º≈‘µ§√Ÿ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ “¡“√∂摇»…∑“ß«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å
·≈–§≥‘µ»“ µ√å) ∑’Ë„Àâ‡ß‘π∑ÿπ π—∫ πÿπ„π°“√»÷°…“
µàÕ√–¥—∫∫—≥±‘µ»÷°…“
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
°¡≈—¬ µ√ß«“π‘π“¡. (2544). °“√„⬓µâ“π®ÿ≈’æ
„π —µ«å. (æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë 3). ¿“§«‘“‡¿ —«‘∑¬“
§≥– —µ«·æ∑¬å»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√-
»“ µ√å: ”π—°æ‘¡æå¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å.
33 - 54.
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: ”π—°æ‘¡æå æ’.‡Õ .æ√‘Èπ∑å. 218-232.
Antonio Hernandez - Cardoso, B. S., Scientist, Latin
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◊∫§âπ‡¡◊ËÕ«—π∑’Ë 7 ¡’π“§¡ 2553 ®“° http://
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24s0_c451.html
Mohamed, A. M. (1989). Spectrophotometric
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as a novel coupling agent for the

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❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 130-136 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 130-136 (2011)
°“√§”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â„π∫√√¬“°“»
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬
Calculation of Precipitable Water Vapor
in the Atmosphere of Thailand
“¬—πµå ‚æ∏‘χ°µÿ 1
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
„πß“π«‘®—¬π’È¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕ§”π«≥À“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â„π∫√√¬“°“»¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ ª√‘¡“≥
‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â§”π«≥‰¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“»∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π´÷Ëß¡’
°“√µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥‡’¬ß„À¡à ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“∏“π’ ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“
®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ ·≈–°√¡Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ °√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ‚¥¬„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’˵√«®«—¥µàÕ‡π◊ËÕß°—π„πà«ßªï æ.». 2535
∂÷ß æ.». 2550 ‡¡◊ËÕπ”ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”∑’ˉ¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π∑—Èß 4 ∂“π’¥—ß°≈à“«¡“À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫
§«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßÕ“°“»´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¿“§æ◊Èπ¥‘π∑’Ë ∂“𒇥’¬«°—π„π√Ÿª·∫∫®”≈Õß∑“ߧ≥‘µ»“ µ√å
º≈∑’ˉ¥âæ∫«à“ ‡¡◊ËÕ»÷°…“°“√·ª√§à“µ“¡‡«≈“„π√Õ∫ªïæ∫«à“∑’Ë ∂“π’‡’¬ß„À¡à Õÿ∫≈√“∏“π’ ·≈–°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√
¡’≈—°…≥–°“√·ª√§à“§≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π °≈à“«§◊Õ ®–¡’§à“¡“°„πà«ßƒ¥ŸΩπ ·≈–®–¡’§à“πâÕ¬„πà«ßƒ¥Ÿ·≈âß ”À√—∫
∂“π’ ߢ≈“¡’§à“‡°◊Õ∫§ß∑’˵≈Õ¥∑—Èßªï §à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”∑’ˉ¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π®–¡’§à“„°≈⇧’¬ß°—∫
§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”∑’ˉ¥â®“°·∫∫®”≈Õß‚¥¬¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß„π√Ÿª¢Õß Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) ‡∑à“°—∫
0.354 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ®“°π—ÈπºŸâ«‘®—¬π”·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’ˉ¥â‰ª§”π«≥§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¿“§æ◊Èπ¥‘π∑’Ë
∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ 85 ·Ààß∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» º≈∑’ˉ¥âæ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â¡’§à“‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßÕ¬Ÿà„πà«ß 2.431
‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ - 6.146 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ‚¥¬¡’§à“πâÕ¬„πà«ßƒ¥Ÿ·≈âß (惻®‘°“¬π - ¡’π“§¡) ·≈–¡’§à“¡“°„πà«ßƒ¥ŸΩπ
(‡¡…“¬π - µÿ≈“§¡) ‚¥¬¡’§à“‡©≈’ˬµàÕªï‡∑à“°—∫ 4.571±0.107 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√
1
“¢“«‘“øî ‘° åª√–¬ÿ°µå §≥–«‘»«°√√¡»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√“¡ß§≈Õ’ “π «‘∑¬“‡¢µ¢Õπ·°àπ Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®.¢Õπ·°àπ
40000
E-mail: syphokate@hotmail.com

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 131
Abstract
This research aims to calculate the amount of precipitable water vapor in the atmosphere of
Thailand. From upper air checking data, relative humidity and temperature. The data were collected
continuously from four meteorological monitoring stations, Chiang Mai, Ubon Ratchathani, Bangkok and
Songkhla station during 1992-2007. The data from this investigation were used to predict a mathematical
model to make correlations to the precipitable water with surface climatological data, relative humidity and
temperature. Results show that precipitable water vapor at Chiang Mai, Ubon Ratchathani and Bangkok
station were higher in the rainy season and lower in the dry season. The precipitable water vapor in
Songkhla station was quite constant throughout the year. The precipitable water vapor obtained from upper
air corrended to value of the model. Difference in the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.354 cm.
After calculation the amount of precipitable water vapor from surface data at 85 meteorological stations
nationwide, it varied from 2.431 cm to 6.146 cm. The result showed that the precipitable water vapor were
relative low in the dry (November to March) and relative high in the rainy season (April to October) with
an average was 4.571±0.107 cm per year.
∫∑π”
‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª‰ÕπÈ”‡ªìπÕߧåª√–°Õ∫¢Õß
∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ë· ¥ß„Àâ∑√“∫∂÷ß°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß
≈¡øÑ“Õ“°“» °“√°àÕµ—«¢Õ߇¡ ·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥Ωπ
À¡Õ° À‘¡– ≈Ÿ°‡ÀÁ∫ œ πÕ°®“°π’È ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”„π
∫√√¬“°“»¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈∑’Ë ”§—≠µàÕ°“√≈¥≈ߢÕß√—ß ’¥«ß
Õ“∑‘µ¬å∑’ˇ§≈◊ËÕπ∑’˺à“π∫√√¬“°“»¡“¬—ßæ◊Èπº‘«‚≈°
(Iqbal, 1983; Christian, 1994) °≈à“«§◊Õ ‰ÕπÈ”„π
∫√√¬“°“»®–¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π√—ß ’¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å„πà«ß§«“¡¬“«
§≈◊Ëπ°«â“ß (0.25-4.0 ‰¡‚§√‡¡µ√)‰¥â∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 15
(Nunez, 1993) °“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π®–¡“°À√◊ÕπâÕ¬¢÷ÈπÕ¬Ÿà°—∫
ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”„π∫√√¬“°“» (Gautier et al., 1980; Iqbal,
1983; Nunez, 1993) ‚¥¬ª°µ‘‡√“®–· ¥ßª√‘¡“≥
‰ÕπÈ”„π∫√√¬“°“»„π√Ÿª¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â
(Precipitable Water Vapor) ´÷Ëß®–∫Õ°‰¥â„π√Ÿª¢Õß
§«“¡ Ÿß¢ÕßπÈ”„π§Õ≈—¡πå¢Õß∫√√¬“°“» ‚¥¬ ¡¡µ‘«à“
‰ÕπÈ”∑’Ë·∑√°µ—«Õ¬Ÿà„π§Õ≈—¡πå¢Õß∫√√¬“°“»π—Èπ°≈—Ëπµ—«
°≈“¬‡ªìππÈ” (Iqbal, 1983)
ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”„πÕ“°“»‚¥¬∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°À“‰¥â¬“°
·≈–„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—߉¡à¡’°“√µ√«®«—¥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”
„πÕ“°“» „πß“π«‘®—¬π’ȺŸâ«‘®—¬®–§”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”
®“°§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߧ«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ·≈–
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßÕ“°“»∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π
(Upper Air Data) ”À√—∫ª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¡’Àπ૬ߓπ∑’Ë
µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π§◊Õ°√¡Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“´÷Ëß∑”°“√
µ√«®Õ“°“»‚¥¬ª≈àÕ¬∫Õ≈≈Ÿπµ√«®Õ“°“» (Weather
Balloon) ∑ÿ°«—π ‡π◊ËÕß®“°Õÿª°√≥å∑’Ë„â„π¿“√°‘®π’È¡’
√“§“§àÕπ¢â“ß·æß „π°“√µ√«®«—¥·µà≈–§√—ÈßµâÕ߇ ’¬
§à“„â®à“¬‡ªìπ®”π«π¡“° ¥—ßπ—Èπ°“√µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ
∫π®÷ß¡’°“√µ√«®‡©æ“– ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ ‡æ’¬ß
4 ∂“π’‡∑à“π—Èπ ‰¥â·°à ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥
‡’¬ß„À¡à ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“∏“π’
∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ ·≈–°√¡Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡-
«‘∑¬“°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ß“π«‘®—¬π’È„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë¡’°“√
µ√«®«—¥µ‘¥µàÕ°—π„πà«ßªï æ.». 2535 ∂÷ß æ.». 2550
‚¥¬¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕÀ“·∫∫®”≈Õß∑“ߧ≥‘µ»“ µ√å
”À√—∫§”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â„π∫√√¬“°“»
¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ º≈°“√«‘®—¬∑’ˉ¥â®– “¡“√∂≈¥§à“„â
®à“¬·≈–ª√–¡“≥§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â ”À√—∫
∂“π’∑’ˉ¡à¡’°“√µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π´÷Ëß„π°“√»÷°…“

132 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡‡¢â¡√—ß ’¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å∑’ˇ¢â“¡“¬—ßæ◊Èπ‚≈°
®”‡ªìπµâÕß∑√“∫§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â √«¡∑—Èß
§ÿ≥ ¡∫—µ‘„π°“√¥Ÿ¥°≈◊π√—ß ’¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥
‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â (Brine and Iqbal, 1983; Nunez, 1993)
‡æ◊ËÕ„â„π°“√ÕÕ°·∫∫‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑“ߥâ“πæ≈—ßß“π
· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å ‡àπ °“√À“°“√°√–®“¬¢Õߧ«“¡‡¢â¡√—ß ’
¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å∑’Ëæ◊Èπº‘«‚≈° (solar radiation mapping)
®“°¿“æ∂à“¬¥“«‡∑’¬¡ ß“πÕÕ°·∫∫Õÿª°√≥å∑“ߥâ“π
æ≈—ßß“π· ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å °“√Õπÿ√—°…åæ≈—ßß“π„πÕ“§“√
À√◊Õ„â„πß“πÕÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ ‡àπ °“√ √â“ß·∫∫
®”≈Õ߇æ◊ËÕ∑”𓬠¿“æ¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“» ‡ªìπµâπ
«‘∏’°“√«‘®—¬
„πß“π«‘®—¬π’ȺŸâ«‘®—¬§”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπ
µ—«‰¥â®“°§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߧ«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ·≈–
Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßÕ“°“»∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π
´÷Ë߇ªìπ°“√§”π«≥µ“¡∑ƒ…Æ’ ‚¥¬¡’°“√µ√«®«—¥
4 ∂“π’ ‰¥â·°à ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥‡’¬ß„À¡à
∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥Õÿ∫≈√“∏“π’ ∂“π’
Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“®—ßÀ«—¥ ߢ≈“ ·≈– ∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“
°√ÿ߇∑æ¡À“π§√ ´÷Ëß„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑’Ë∑”°“√«—¥µ‘¥µàÕ°—π
„πà«ßªï æ.». 2535 ∂÷ß æ.». 2550 ‚¥¬„â ¡°“√
(Garrison, 1992)
(1)
‡¡◊ËÕ w ‡ªìπª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â (Precipitable
Water Vapor) „πÀπ૬ ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√
M p
‡ªìπ Mixing Ratio ∑’Ë√–¥—∫§«“¡¥—π p „¥Ê
g ‡ªì𧫓¡‡√à߇π◊ËÕß®“°·√ß‚πâ¡∂à«ß¢Õß‚≈°
(986.665 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√/«‘π“∑’2 )
p o
‡ªì𧫓¡¥—π∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ëæ◊Èπº‘«‚≈°
(¡‘≈≈‘∫“√å)
ρ ‡ªì𧫓¡Àπ“·πàπ¢ÕßπÈ” (°√—¡/≈Ÿ°∫“»°å
‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√)
π”§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â∑’˧”π«≥®“°
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π¡“«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å
°—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–§«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å¢ÕßÕ“°“»´÷Ë߇ªìπ
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º‘«æ◊Èπ (surface data) ∑’Ë ∂“𒇥’¬«°—π º≈∑’ˉ¥â
π”¡“ √â“ß·∫∫®”≈Õß∑“ߧ≥‘µ»“ µ√å ”À√—∫𔉪
„⧔π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥âµ“¡ ∂“π∑’˵à“ß Ê
ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥â∑¥ Õ∫·∫∫®”≈Õß‚¥¬„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¢Õߪï æ.».
2551 ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–‰¡à‰¥â„â„π°“√ √â“ß·∫∫
®”≈Õ߇æ◊ËÕ¬◊π¬—𧫓¡∂Ÿ°µâÕߢÕß·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’Ë √â“ß
¢÷Èπ ·≈–π”·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’ˉ¥â‰ª§”π«≥ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”
°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º‘«æ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë
∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ 85 ·Ààß∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ®“°π—ÈπÀ“§à“
ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë√–À«à“ß ∂“π’«—¥
¥â«¬«‘∏’°“√§“¥§–‡π·π«‚πâ¡ (interpolation) ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥â
§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»π”¡“®—¥· ¥ß„π√Ÿª·ºπ∑’Ë
ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â
º≈°“√«‘®—¬
ºŸâ«‘®—¬ √â“ß·∫∫®”≈Õß∑“ߧ≥‘µ»“ µ√å‡æ◊ËÕ
§”π«≥§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â¢Õß ∂“π’∑’ˉ¡à¡’
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π ‚¥¬°“√π”§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”
°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â (w) ∑’ˉ¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π¡“
À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘ (T) §«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å (RH)
¢ÕßÕ“°“»∑’Ë ∂“𒇥’¬«°—π º≈∑’ˉ¥â· ¥ß‰«â¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 1

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 133
√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߪ√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â (w) °—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßÕ“°“» (T) §«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å¢Õß
Õ“°“» (RH) ·≈–§«“¡¥—π‰ÕÕ‘Ë¡µ—«¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”„πÕ“°“» (p s
)
®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë 1 ‡√“ “¡“√∂ √â“ß ¡°“√‡Õ¡æ‘√‘§—≈
(Empirical) ·∑𧫓¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ߪ√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”
°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â°—∫Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘·≈–§«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å ´÷Ë߇ªìπ
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º‘«æ◊Èπ‰¥â ¥—ß ¡°“√∑’Ë (2)
(2)
‡¡◊ËÕ w ‡ªìπª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â (‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√)
RH ‡ªì𧫓¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å¢ÕßÕ“°“» (decimal)
T ‡ªìπÕÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢ÕßÕ“°“» (‡§≈«‘π)
p s
‡ªì𧫓¡¥—π‰ÕÕ‘Ë¡µ—«¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”„πÕ“°“»
(¡‘≈≈‘∫“√å)
§à“§«“¡¥—π‰ÕÕ‘Ë¡µ—«¢Õ߉ÕπÈ”„πÕ“°“» À“‰¥â
®“° ¡°“√ (Iqbal, 1983)
(3)
„π°“√µ√«® Õ∫§«“¡∂Ÿ°µâÕߢÕß ¡°“√ (2)
π’ȺŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥â‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â®“°
·∫∫®”≈Õß ¡°“√∑’Ë (2) ·≈–§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«
‰¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π ¡°“√∑’Ë (1) ‚¥¬„â
¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈®“° 4 ∂“π’ ¥—ß°≈à“«¢â“ßµâπ ¢Õߪï æ.». 2551
´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈Õ‘ √–·≈–‰¡à‰¥â„â„π°“√ √â“ß·∫∫®”≈Õß
º≈∑’ˉ¥â· ¥ß‰«â¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 2
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫πµ“¡ ¡°“√ (1) ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπ
µ—«‰¥â ´÷Ëߧ”π«≥®“°·∫∫®”≈Õßµ“¡ ¡°“√∑’Ë (2) ·≈–·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß Leckner (1978) ‚¥¬„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
º‘«æ◊Èπ¢Õߪï æ.». 2551 ∑’Ë ∂“𒇥’¬«°—π

134 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
®“°√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 (°) ‡ªìπ°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ª√‘¡“≥
‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â∑’˧”π«≥®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈µ√«®Õ“°“»
—Èπ∫π°—∫·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’˺Ÿâ«‘®—¬ √â“ߢ÷Èπ‚¥¬„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
º‘«æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ∂“𒇥’¬«°—π æ∫«à“§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«
‰¥â®“°°“√µ√«®Õ“°“»—Èπ∫π à«π„À≠à¡’§à“„°≈⇧’¬ß
°—∫§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â∑’ˉ¥â®“°·∫∫®”≈Õß ‚¥¬
¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß„π√Ÿª¢Õß Root Mean Square Error
(RMSE) ‡∑à“°—∫ 0.354 ‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ·≈–§à“ —¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï
À —¡æ—π∏å (R 2 ) ¡’§à“ Ÿß°«à“ 0.90 ´÷Ëß∂◊Õ‰¥â«à“‡ªì𧫓¡
—¡æ—π∏å∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ß Ÿß º≈°“√§”π«≥¥—ß°≈à“«¡’§«“¡
≈–‡Õ’¬¥∂Ÿ°µâÕß„π‡°≥±å∑’ˬա√—∫‰¥â ‡¡◊ËÕ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫
°—∫·∫∫®”≈ÕߢÕß Leckner (1978) „π√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 (¢)
‚¥¬„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡¥’¬«°—𧫓¡ —¡æ—π∏宓°·∫∫®”≈Õß∑’Ë
ºŸâ«‘®—¬ √â“ߢ÷Èπ®–¥’°«à“Õ¬à“߇ÀÁπ‰¥â—¥∑—Èß®“°§à“
—¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘Ï À —¡æ—π∏å ·≈–§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢ÕߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈
ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥âπ”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§«“¡◊Èπ —¡æ—∑∏å·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘¢Õß
Õ“°“»´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º‘«æ◊Èπ∑’ˉ¥â®“°°“√µ√«®«—¥∑’Ë
∂“π’Õÿµÿπ‘¬¡«‘∑¬“ 85 ·Ààß∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑» ®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡©≈’ˬ
„πà«ßªï æ.». 2535 ∂÷ß æ.». 2550 ¡“§”π«≥À“§à“
ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â®“°·∫∫®”≈Õß∑“ߧ≥‘µ»“ µ√å
æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â¡’°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßµ“¡
‡«≈“„π√Õ∫ªï‚¥¬®–¡’§à“¡“°„πà«ßƒ¥ŸΩπ (‡¡…“¬π-
µÿ≈“§¡) ·≈–®–¡’§à“≈¥≈ß„πà«ßƒ¥Ÿ·≈âß (惻®‘°“¬π-
¡’π“§¡) ‚¥¬¡’§à“‡©≈’ˬµàÕªï‡∑à“°—∫ 4.5710.107
‡´πµ‘‡¡µ√ ¡’§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ¡“µ√∞“π¢Õß§à“‡©≈’ˬ
(Standard Error of the Mean) ‡∑à“°—∫ 0.0547 ‡¡◊ËÕ
‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ß“π«‘®—¬π’È°—∫ß“π«‘®—¬¢Õß Leckner (1978)
‚¥¬„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„πà«ß‡«≈“·≈– ∂“𒇥’¬«°—π º≈∑’ˉ¥â
®“°ß“π«‘®—¬¡’√Ÿª·∫∫°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ßµ“¡‡«≈“„π√Õ∫ªï
Õ¥§≈âÕß°—π ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 3
√Ÿª∑’Ë 3 °“√·ª√§à“¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â ∑’˧”π«≥®“°ß“π«‘®—¬ ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—∫§à“∑’ˉ¥â®“° ¡°“√¢Õß
Leckner (1978) ‚¥¬„â¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈º‘«æ◊Èπ‡©≈’ˬ√“¬‡¥◊Õπ„πà«ßªï æ.». 2535 ∂÷ß æ.». 2550 ¢Õß 85 ∂“π’
∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»
§à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â∫√‘‡«≥æ◊Èπ∑’Ë
√–À«à“ß ∂“π’«—¥À“‰¥â‚¥¬Õ“»—¬°“√§“¥§–‡π·π«‚πâ¡
(interpolation) ‡æ◊ËÕ„À≥â§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑—Ë«ª√–‡∑»·≈â«
π”¡“®—¥· ¥ß„π√Ÿª·ºπ∑’Ë· ¥ß°“√°√–®“¬µ“¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë
æ∫«à“ª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ ¿“§µ–«—π
ÕÕ°‡©’¬ß‡Àπ◊Õ ·≈–¿“§°≈“ß „πà«ß‡¥◊Õπ惻®‘°“¬π
∂÷ß¡’π“§¡ ¡’§à“πâÕ¬‡π◊ËÕß®“°‡ªìπà«ßƒ¥Ÿ·≈âß ”À√—∫
‡¥◊Õπ‡¡…“¬π ∂÷ß µÿ≈“§¡ ´÷Ë߇ªìπà«ßƒ¥ŸΩπª√‘¡“≥
‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπµ—«‰¥â®–¡’§à“¡“° ‚¥¬®–¡’≈—°…≥–°“√°√–®“¬
µ—«µ“¡æ◊Èπ∑’˧≈⓬§≈÷ß°—π à«π¿“§„µâª√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Ëπ
µ—«‰¥â¡’§à“„°≈⇧’¬ß°—πµ≈Õ¥∑—Èßªï ¥—ß√Ÿª∑’Ë 4

ß“π«‘®—¬
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‡¥◊Õπ情¿“§¡ ‡¥◊Õπ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π ‡¥◊Õπ°√°Æ“§¡ ‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡
‡¥◊Õπ°—𬓬𠇥◊Õπµÿ≈“§¡ ‡¥◊Õπ惻®‘°“¬π ‡¥◊Õπ∏—𫓧¡
√Ÿª∑’Ë 4 ·ºπ∑’Ë°“√°√–®“¬µ“¡æ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”°≈—Èπµ—«‰¥â„π∫√√¬“°“»¢Õߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬„π√Õ∫ªï®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈
º‘«æ◊Èπ

136 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
√ÿª·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–
®“°§«“¡ ”§—≠¢Õߪ√‘¡“≥‰ÕπÈ”„π
∫√√¬“°“»∑’Ë¡’º≈µàÕ°“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߢÕß≈¡øÑ“Õ“°“»
·≈–¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ§«“¡‡¢â¡√—ß ’¥«ßÕ“∑‘µ¬å „πß“π«‘®—¬π’È
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∑“ߧ≥‘µ»“ µ√å ¥—ß ¡°“√∑’Ë (2) ºŸâ«‘®—¬‰¥âπ”·∫∫
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‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
Brine, D. T. and Iqbal, M. (1983). Diffuse and
Global solar spectral irradiance under
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Atmospheric Precipitable Water and
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Gautier, C., Diak, G. and Masse, S. (1980). Asimple
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«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 137-148 (2554) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 137-148 (2011)
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®—ßÀ«—¥∫ÿ√’√—¡¬å
An Application of Geoinformation Technology to
Study Ownership in Margin Areas : A Case Study
in Non Din Deang Sub-district Administrative
Organization, Amphoe Non Din Deang,
Buriram Province
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138 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
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Abstract
The objectives of the study were 1) to study government developing process caused ownership
change in bordering areas under he changes of economy, social politics. 2) to apply the Geoinformation
Technology involved ownership and the use of the areas.
The three concepts had been employed in the study namely; territorailization by state legislation to
claim resource right, complexity and conflict involved the right in resources under the development and the
application in the use of Geography Information Systems.

ß“π«‘®—¬
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 139
The data analysis: the data analysis of the land used between 2004 - 2009 was from the
interpretation of aerial photography and satellite photograph; Landsat 5 TM. The provided photographs were
presented in map indicating the use of the land and overlap of the data in and the use of the land 4-01 (SPK
4-01) in border areas under the changes of economy, social and politics. 2) to apply the use Geoinformation
Technology involved land ownership and the use of the land 4-01, the survey the trespassed areas from
global positioning systems including analysis on land trespass and conflict involved the areas in order to
manage the land administration in the future.
The results of the study; firstly, the change of ownership (properties right) and documentary right
in NonDinDeang Sub-district Administrative Organization Amphoe NonDinDeang, Buriram Province. That
was one of the areas encountered the problem due to the change of national and local economy. Because of
the areas were the borders connecting to Sakaew Province. The extension of the city community caused the
stores, resorts and other constructions arisen. That affected the way of life of the people in those areas to
acclimatize themselves to survive in the community in such a social and economical changes all the time.
The governmentsû development involved the ownership in NonDinDeang Sub-district Administrative
Organization, Amphoe NonDinDeang, Buriram Province was like the change affected from the national
policy concentrated on providing people in the areas an ownership with official permission to take the use
of the land and provided the use of the land 4-01 for those unavailable.
That was a right concept but the procedure has not been assured and considerate. Moreover, that
also caused the national forest and public lands were increased. SPK 4-01 lands had not been surveyed
considerately, only marked on the map, therefore, the mistaken was existed leading to the conflict in
management of land possession in those areas as in the present.
The tendency of land ownership in NonDinDeang Sub-district Administrative Organization nearby
areas in the future; nowadays the use of the land 4-01 have been contributed to the villagers. The government
under the prime minister; Apisit Vetchachewa, arose the ideas of providing title deeds that may lead the
government the way to deal with the land problems in many areas in the future.
Secondly, the utility of Geoinformation Technology to deal with land ownership was another
application providing many organizations to handle with land management including Department of Local
Administration, Department of lands, and Department of wildlife sanctuary and national parks.
Those organizations realized the utility of the data base managements such as system of tax map
and property record, the contribution data base on land ownership including contribution of area data base
as for national park, .
The providing data base in land ownership and land utility including detail data based on Geoinformation
Technology in NonDinDeang Sub-district Administrative Organization was one invention of effective land
management in local areas and related organization as well. Moreover, the organizations may be able to
modernize the data effectively for further use in the future.
§” ”§—≠ : °“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑» °“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π‡¢µæ◊Èπ∑’Ë“¬·¥π ‚©π¥ÿ¡π
Keywords : Apply of Geoinformation Technology, Land ownership, Community properties right

140 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
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„π∑’Ë¥‘π¢Õß√—∞ (state property) ·≈–∑’Ë¥‘π¢Õ߇հπ
(private property) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ·π«§‘¥„π°“√®—¥°“√∑’Ë¥‘πÀ√◊Õ
∑√—æ¬å ‘π∑’Ë¡’√“°∞“π¡“®“°·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫√–∫∫
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§«“¡‡ªìπ‡®â“¢Õß (ownership system) ®÷ß∑”„Àâ¡Õß
∑√—æ¬å ‘π„π≈—°…≥–∑’ˇªìπÀπ૬ (unit) À√◊Õ‡ªìπ ‘ËߢÕß
(things) ®π∑”„À⇰‘¥√Ÿª·∫∫¢Õß°“√®—¥°“√∑√—æ¬å ‘π
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ª√–‚¬πå Ÿß ÿ¥π—Ëπ‡Õß (§¡°ƒ…≥å ®—π°≈‘Ëπ, 2549)
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142 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
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144 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
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¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ °“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π °“√ √â“ß∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë
‡¢µ«πÕÿ∑¬“π ‡¢µ√—°…“æ—π∏ÿå —µ«åªÉ“ Õÿ∑¬“π·Ààß“µ‘
‡ªìπµâπ
µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 æ◊Èπ∑’Ë°“√„âª√–‚¬πå∑’Ë¥‘π„π‡¢µÕߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈‚ππ¥‘π·¥ß ªï æ.». 2549
°“√„âª√–‚¬πå∑’Ë¥‘π æ◊Èπ∑’Ë (‰√à) °“√„âª√–‚¬πå∑’Ë¥‘π æ◊Èπ∑’Ë (‰√à)
1) ¬Ÿ§“≈‘ªµ— 10,026.44 13) ∂“π∑’Ë√“°“√ 346.47
2) ¡—𠔪–À≈—ß 9,031.02 14) Õà“߇°Á∫πÈ” 316.52
3) π“ 7,779.94 15) æ◊‰√ຠ¡ 274.80
4) ‡¢◊ËÕπ≈”π“ß√Õß 7,258.79 16) —° 271.74
5) ªÉ“‡∫≠®æ√√≥ 5,464.91 17) ‰¡âº≈º ¡ 170.31
6) ÕâÕ¬ 3,582.76 18) ∂ππ 100.48
7) ¬“ßæ“√“ 2,237.04 19) °√–∂‘π 83.09
8) À¡Ÿà∫â“π∫πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√“∫/‰¡âº≈º ¡ 1,376.18 20) ‡À¡◊Õß·√à ∫àÕ¢ÿ¥ 60.45
9) ªÉ“º≈—¥„∫‡ ◊ËÕ¡‚∑√¡ 726.54 21) À¡Ÿà∫â“π∫πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë√“∫ 37.23
10) æ◊Èπ∑’Ë≈ÿà¡ 649.20 22) ≈”‰¬ 15.44
11) ∑ÿàßÀ≠â“·≈–ªÉ“≈–‡¡“– 454.39 23) ‰¡â¬◊πµâπº ¡ 19.01
12) ·¡àπÈ”≈”§≈Õß 359.29 24) ∫àÕπÈ”„π‰√àπ“ 10.29
√«¡ 50,652.33
°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑»
°≈“¬‡ªìπ‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë ”§—≠„π°“√«“ß·ºπ·≈–∫√‘À“√
®—¥°“√∑√—欓°√„π√–¥—∫∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ °“√∑’Ë∑âÕß∂‘ËπÀ√◊Õ
Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß„π°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¡’
∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π·≈–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«πÕ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë
®”‡ªìπ¢Õߪ√–“°√„π‡¢µæ◊Èπ∑’ˇªìπ¢Õßµπ‡Õß·≈–
‡◊ËÕ¡‚¬ß°—π ∑”„Àâßà“¬µàÕ°“√„âß“π·≈–°“√ ◊∫§âπ
‡¡◊ËÕµâÕß°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√ß“π∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕß°—∫æ◊Èπ∑’Ë
°“√®—¥∑”∞“π¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π·≈–
°“√„âª√–‚¬πå∑’Ë¥‘π √«¡∂÷ߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈‡‘ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë„π√–¥—∫
·ª≈ß ‚¥¬Õ“»—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑»„π‡¢µæ◊Èπ∑’Ë
Õߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈‚ππ¥‘π·¥ß (√Ÿª∑’Ë 2) ∂◊Õ‡ªìπ
Àπ÷Ëß„π°“√ √â“߇§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ„π°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë
‡ªïò¬¡ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„π°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√‡‘ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¢Õß
∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕ߇ªìπÕ¬à“ߥ’ ·≈–
Àπ૬ߓπ¬—ß “¡“√∂ª√—∫ª√ÿߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈„Àâ∑—π ¡—¬·≈–
„âß“πµàÕ‡π◊ËÕßÕ¬à“ß¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“æ„πÕ𓧵‰¥â
°“√Õ¿‘ª√“¬¢âÕ∂°‡∂’¬ß‡‘ß∑ƒ…Ø’ ºŸâ»÷°…“‰¥â
·∫àßµ“¡·π«§«“¡§‘¥ ∑ƒ…Æ’ ·≈–¢âÕ∂°‡∂’¬ß∑“ß
«‘“°“√∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕߥ—ß∑’ˉ¥â°≈à“«‰«â·≈â«„π∫∑∑’ËÀπ÷Ëß

146 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
‰¥â·°à ·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√¢¬“¬Õ”π“®·≈–°“√
§«∫§ÿ¡ ‘∑∏‘ ‚¥¬„â°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß√—∞„π°“√Õâ“ß ‘∑∏‘
‡Àπ◊Õ∑√—欓°√ ·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫§«“¡´—∫´âÕπ·≈–
§«“¡¢—¥·¬â߇°’ˬ«°—∫ ‘∑∏‘„π°“√‡¢â“∂÷ß∑√—欓°√¿“¬
„µâ∫√‘∫∑¢Õß°“√æ—≤π“ ·≈–·π«§‘¥°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â
‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑» ‚¥¬¡’√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥ ¥—ßπ’È
√Ÿª∑’Ë 2 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·ª≈ß∑’Ë¥‘π ª°. 4-01 ªï æ.». 2552 ‡¢µÕߧ尓√∫√‘À“√ à«πµ”∫≈‚ππ¥‘π·¥ß Õ.‚ππ¥‘π·¥ß
®.∫ÿ√’√—¡¬å
·π«§‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√¢¬“¬Õ”π“®·≈–°“√
§«∫§ÿ¡ ‘∑∏‘ ‚¥¬„â°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß√—∞„π°“√Õâ“ß ‘∑∏‘
‡Àπ◊Õ∑√—欓°√ µ“¡·π«§‘¥π’È´÷Ëß¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π·π«§‘¥
∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√ ∂“ªπ“Õ”π“®‡Àπ◊Õæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ‚¥¬„À⧫“¡
”§—≠°—∫°“√ √â“ßÀπ૬æ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë¡’°“√°”Àπ¥Õ“≥“‡¢µ
‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§√Õ∫§√Õß·≈–§«∫§ÿ¡§π·≈–∑√—欓°√„π
æ◊Èπ∑’Ë ‚¥¬·∫àßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë„À⇪ìπ à«πÊ À√◊Õ‚´π·≈–°“√
√â“ß°Æ√–‡∫’¬∫¢÷Èπ∫—ߧ—∫µ“¡·π«§‘¥¢Õß Vandergeest
·≈– Peluso (1995) π—Èπ ®“°°“√»÷°…“¢ÕߺŸâ»÷°…“
æ∫«à“ ¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—π„π∫√‘∫∑¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë °≈à“«§◊Õ
°“√¢¬“¬Õ”π“®·≈–§«∫§ÿ¡ ‘∑∏‘¢Õß√—∞„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë»÷°…“
√—∞„âÕ”π“®∑“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬„π°“√Õâ“ß ‘∑∏‘‡æ◊ËÕ°“√§«∫§ÿ¡
‘∑∏‘„π∑√—欓°√¢Õß“«∫â“πºà“π¢âÕ°≈à“«Õâ“ß∑’Ë«à“
∑’Ë¥‘π∑”°‘π„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë∑’Ë“«∫â“π„âª√–‚¬πå ◊∫∑Õ¥
®“°∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…¡“À≈“¬—Ë«Õ“¬ÿ§π‰¡à¡’‡Õ° “√ ‘∑∏‘Ï∑’Ë
∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬ ¥—ßπ—Èπæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¥—ß°≈à“«®÷ßµâÕßµ°
‡ªìπ¢Õß√—∞·≈–“«∫â“πµâÕ߇ ’¬ ≈–‡æ◊ËÕª√–“°√
à«π„À≠à¢Õߪ√–‡∑» ∑”„Àâ√—∞ “¡“√∂„âæ◊Èπ∑’Ë¥—ß
°≈à“«‰¥âÕ¬à“ß∂Ÿ°µâÕß·≈–Õ∫∏√√¡ ´÷Ëß®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â—¥‡®π
®“°°“√»÷°…“ª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«°—∫°“√
∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“„πÕ¥’µæ◊Èπ∑’ËÕ”‡¿Õ‚ππ¥‘π·¥ß
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«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 147
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À“°‘π ·µà°≈—∫‰¡à¡’‡Õ° “√ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë· ¥ß∂÷ߧ«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß
„π°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π ·≈–°àÕ„À⇰‘¥ªí≠À“µ“¡“
¡“°¡“¬„πªí®®ÿ∫—π
°“√∫—ߧ—∫„â°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë¥‘π¢Õß√—∞‰¡à‰¥â‡ªìπ‰ª
µ“¡‡®µπ“√¡≥å‡æ◊ËÕ„À⇰‘¥§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß„π°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß
∑’Ë¥‘π ·µà‡ªÑ“À¡“¬∑’Ë·∑â®√‘ß„π°“√∫—≠≠—µ‘°ÆÀ¡“¬¢Õß√—∞
‡ªìπ°“√ªØ‘∫—µ‘‡æ◊ËÕ¢¬“¬Õ”π“®√—∞„À⇰‘¥§«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß
¢Õß√—∞“µ‘µ“¡·π«§‘¥¢Õß Peluso (1992) °“√»÷°…“
¡’§«“¡·µ°µà“ß°—πµ“¡∫√‘∫∑ °≈à“«§◊Õ ·π«∑“ß°“√
®—¥°“√¢Õß√—∞∑’ˇπâπ°“√„âÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ “«∫â“π
„πæ◊Èπ∑’ˬ÷¥À≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬ √«¡∂÷ß°“√„âÀ≈—° ‘∑∏‘°“√
„â∑’Ë ◊∫∑Õ¥®“°∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…·≈–°“√¬Õ¡√—∫¢Õߧπ
„πÿ¡π‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ “¡“√∂ªØ‘∫—µ‘‰ªµ“¡§«“¡‡ªìπ®√‘ß
∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈– ∂“π°“√≥å∑’ˇª≈’ˬπ·ª≈߉ª‰¥â ‡àπ
“«∫â“π à«π„À≠à¡’∑’Ë¥‘π∑”°‘π∑’Ë¡’‡Õ° “√ ‘∑∏‘ ª°.
4-01 “«∫â“π∫“ß à«π¡’∑’Ë¥‘π∑”°‘π¡“µ—Èß·µà¬ÿ§∫ÿ°‡∫‘°
·µà‰¡à‰¥â¡’‡Õ° “√ ‘∑∏‘„¥Ê ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ØÀ¡“¬
¢Õß√—∞ ·≈–“«∫â“πÀ≈“¬√“¬¬—ߧß∑”¡“À“°‘π„π∑’Ë¥‘π
∑’Ë ◊∫∑Õ¥®“°∫√√æ∫ÿ√ÿ…‚¥¬‰¡à π„®‡Õ° “√ ‘∑∏‘∑’Ë
√—∞∫“≈欓¬“¡§√Õ∫ß”‡‘ßπ‚¬∫“¬
°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π∑’Ë√—∞∫“≈‡πâπ„À⇪ìπ·∫∫
ªí®‡®°‚¥¬‡©æ“–°“√ÕÕ°‡Õ° “√ ‘∑∏‘Ï„π√Ÿª¢Õß
ª°.4-01 ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ÆÀ¡“¬π—Èπ “«∫â“π‡◊ËÕ«à“
“¡“√∂π”À≈—°∞“π°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π¥—ß°≈à“«‰ª‡ªìπ
‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ„π°“√· ¥ß ‘∑∏‘‡Àπ◊Õ∑’Ë¥‘π·≈–´◊ÈÕ¢“¬‰¥âÕ¬à“ß
∂Ÿ°µâÕßµ“¡°ØÀ¡“¬ À“°·µà∑’Ë¥‘π ª°.4-01 µ“¡
°ÆÀ¡“¬‰¡à “¡“√∂´◊ÈÕ¢“¬‰¥â “«∫â“π®”π«πÀ≈“¬
√“¬°≈—∫Õ“»—¬àÕß«à“ß∑“ß°ØÀ¡“¬´◊ÈÕ¢“¬∑’Ë¥‘π„Àâ°—∫
π“¬∑ÿπ‚¥¬°“√¢“¬ ‘∑∏‘ ´÷Ëß“«∫â“π„π∑’Ë¥‘π„°≈⇧’¬ß
®–√—∫√Ÿâ‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡®â“¢Õß°√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï∑’Ë¥‘π·Ààßπ—Èπ‚¥¬ª√‘¬“¬
¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–
¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–¡’ ÕßÕ¬à“ß §◊Õ ¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–
∑“ß«‘“°“√·≈–¢âÕ‡ πÕ·π–µàÕ —ߧ¡
1. Àπ૬ߓπ∑’ˇ°’ˬ«¢âÕ߇°’ˬ«°—∫°√√¡ ‘∑∏å
°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π·≈–√Ÿª·∫∫°“√„â∑’Ë¥‘π„πæ◊Èπ∑’˧«√
¡’°“√‡º¬·æ√à¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡‘ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë‚¥¬‡©æ“–¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈√–∫∫ “√
π‡∑»¿Ÿ¡‘»“ µ√å„π à«π∑’Ë “¡“√∂‡ªî¥‡º¬‰¥â„Àâ·°à
Àπ૬ߓπÕ◊ËπÊ ‡æ◊ËÕ∑”°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿߢâÕ¡Ÿ≈„Àâ¡’§«“¡
∑—π ¡—¬¡“°¢÷Èπ ‡π◊ËÕß®“°¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥—ß°≈à“«‡ªìπ°≈‰°
”§—≠„π°“√æ—≤π“æ◊Èπ∑’Ë„πÕ𓧵
2. °“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’ȵâÕß°“√„À⇰‘¥°“√‡ √‘¡-
√â“ߧ«“¡√Ÿâ§«“¡‡¢â“„®·°àª√–“π·≈–Àπ૬ߓπ√—∞
‡°’ˬ«°—∫°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π °√√¡ ‘∑∏‘Ï √Ÿª·∫∫ ·≈–
°“√∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑’Ë¥‘π∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ®“°ªí®®—¬·«¥≈âÕ¡ ∑—Èߥâ“π
‡»√…∞°‘® —ߧ¡ ·≈–°“√‡¡◊Õß∑’ˇ°‘¥¢÷Èπ„πæ◊Èπ∑’Ë √«¡
∑—Èß°“√ª√–¬ÿ°µå„â‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’¿Ÿ¡‘ “√ π‡∑»¡“„â
‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâßà“¬„π°“√∫√‘À“√®—¥°“√‡°’ˬ«°—∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡‘ßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë
„π‡¢µæ◊Èπ∑’ËÕߧ尓√ª°§√Õß à«π∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ ·≈–π”
‡ πÕ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡æ◊ËÕª√–°Õ∫°“√µ—¥ ‘π„®‡‘ßπ‚¬∫“¬
µàÕ‰ª
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
§¡°ƒ…≥å ®—π°≈‘Ëπ. (2549). °“√‡¡◊ÕߢÕß°“√Õâ“ß ‘∑∏‘„π
°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π√–¥—∫∑âÕß∂‘Ëπ¢Õß®—ßÀ«—¥
≈”æŸπ. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏廑≈ª»“ µ√¡À“∫—≥±‘µ
“¢“«‘“°“√æ—≤π“ —ß§¡ §≥– —ߧ¡»“ µ√å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡’¬ß„À¡à.
©≈“¥“¬ √¡‘µ“ππ∑å. (2548). ¡À°√√¡ªØ‘√Ÿª∑’Ë¥‘π
‚¥¬ÿ¡π √–À«à“ß«—π∑’Ë 17-19 惻®‘°“¬π
2548 (√–∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå) ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“: http://
www.google.co.th/interstitial?url=http://
www.ftawatch.org/news/view.php%3
Fid%3D10399 (惻®‘°“¬π 2552).
æ√„® ‡µ‘¡«“√’. (2534). °“√‡ª≈’ˬπ·ª≈ߧ«“¡¡—Ëπ§ß
„π°“√∂◊Õ§√Õß∑’Ë¥‘π„πª√–«—µ‘»“ µ√å¢Õß
—ߧ¡π∫∑¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ °√≥’»÷°…“À¡Ÿà∫â“π„π
®—ßÀ«—¥‡’¬ß„À¡à. «‘∑¬“π‘æπ∏å¡“πÿ…¬«‘∑¬“
¡À“∫—≥±‘µ §≥– —ߧ¡«‘∑¬“·≈–¡“πÿ…¬«‘∑¬“
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬∏√√¡»“ µ√å.

148 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Research
¡Ÿ≈π‘∏‘ ∂“∫—π∑’Ë¥‘π. (2545). °“√∂◊Õ§√Õß·≈–„â
ª√–‚¬πå∑’Ë¥‘π. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ”π—°ß“π°Õß∑ÿπ
π—∫ πÿπß“π«‘®—¬.
Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æ废⮗¥°“√ÕÕπ‰≈πå. (2552, 情¿“§¡).
ç∑√—欓°√œ∫ÿ√’√—¡¬å¢Ÿà¥”‡π‘𧥒“«∫â“π∫ÿ°¬÷¥
ªÉ“¥ß„À≠àé (√–∫∫ÕÕπ‰≈πå) ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“:
(http://www.manager.co.th/Local/ViewNews.
aspx?NewsID=9520000058498.
Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æ凥≈‘π‘« å. (2551, ∏—𫓧¡). çª.ª.ª. æ∫
∫ÿ°√ÿ°∑’Ë¥‘π “∏“√≥–∫ÿ√’√—¡¬å Õ“®¡’¡Ÿ≈é (√–∫∫
ÕÕπ‰≈πå) ·À≈àß∑’Ë¡“: (http://www.giggog.
com/politic/cat3/news6131/.
Peluso, N. L. (1992). Rich Forest, Poor People:
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Berkeley: University of California Press.
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426.
❏❏❏❏❏

«.«‘∑¬. ¡¢. 39(1) 149-158 (2553) KKU Sci. J.39(1) 149-158 (2010)
µ—«ª√–¡“≥Õ—µ√“ à«πµ—«„À¡à¢Õß§à“‡©≈’ˬª√–“°√
„π°“√ ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫Õ¬à“ßßà“¬
A new Ratio Estimator of a Population
in Random Sampling
®—π∑√“ ª√–‡ √‘∞ °ÿ≈ 1* ·≈– π‘¿“¥“ æ“¿—°¥’ 1
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È ¡’«—µ∂ÿª√– ߧå‡æ◊ËÕ𔇠πÕµ—«ª√–¡“≥Õ—µ√“ à«πµ—«„À¡à ”À√—∫ª√–¡“≥§à“‡©≈’ˬ
ª√–“°√ ´÷Ëßæ—≤π“¡“®“°µ—«ª√–¡“≥¢Õß Mohanty and Sahoo (1995); Bedi (1996) ·≈– Kadilar and Cingi
(2006) æ√âÕ¡∑—ÈßÀ“§«“¡§≈“¥‡§≈◊ËÕπ°”≈—ß Õ߇©≈’ˬ (Mean Square Error: MSE) ¢Õßµ—«ª√–¡“≥‚¥¬„â
Õπÿ°√¡‡∑¬å‡≈Õ√å ·≈–∑”°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫ MSE ¢Õßµ—«ª√–¡“≥∑’Ë𔇠πÕ°—∫µ—«ª√–¡“≥Õ—µ√“ à«π¢Õß§à“‡©≈’ˬ
ª√–“°√·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡·≈–µ—«ª√–¡“≥¢Õß Mohanty and Sahoo µ—«ª√–¡“≥¢Õß Bedi ·≈–µ—«ª√–¡“≥¢Õß
Kadilar and Cingi º≈°“√«‘®—¬æ∫«à“ µ—«ª√–¡“≥∑’Ë𔇠πÕ¡’ª√– ‘∑∏‘¿“楒°«à“µ—«ª√–¡“≥¢Õß§à“‡©≈’ˬª√–“°√
·∫∫¥—È߇¥‘¡ µ—«ª√–¡“≥¢Õß Mohanty and Sahoo µ—«ª√–¡“≥¢Õß Bedi ·≈– Kadilar and Cingi „π∫“߇ß◊ËÕπ‰¢
´÷Ëߺ≈°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È¡’§«“¡ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫°“√§”π«≥‡‘ßµ—«‡≈¢
Abstract
The objective of this research is to propose a new ratio estimator for the population mean which
is developed from the study by Mohanty and Sahoo (1995) Bedi (1996) and Kadilar and Cingi (2006) The
mean square error (MSE) was obtained by utilizing Taylor series method and was compared with the MSE
of the traditional ratio estimator Mohanty and Sahooûs estimator Bediûs estimator and Kadilar and Cingiûs
estimator in some conditions. This result is satisfied with the numerical study.
§” ”§—≠ : µ—«ª√–¡“≥Õ—µ√“ à«π §à“‡©≈’ˬª√–“°√ °“√ ÿ ࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß·∫∫Õ¬à“ßßà“¬ µ—«·ª√૬
Keywords : Rastioestimator, Population, Sampling random sampling, Auxiliary Variable
1
“¢“ ∂‘µ‘ª√–¬ÿ°µå ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’√“¡ß§≈Õ’ “π«‘∑¬“‡¢µ¢Õπ·°àπ Õ.‡¡◊Õß ®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40000

150 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
(Sampling Techniques)
(Estimator)
Y (Population Mean)
y (Sample Mean) (Ratio Estimator) y R
(Regression
Estimator) y
lr
S 2 (Population
Variance) S 2 (Sample Variance)
P (Population Proportion)
p (Sample Proportion)
n N
n
y
i
i=1
y=
n
(auxiliary variable: x)
Y
(Traditional Ratio Estimator )
y
x
X
y
y=
R X
(1)
x

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 151
(Mean Square Error : MSE)
1
f
MSE(y
R
) (R2S22RS S S2
n
x x y y
)
(2)
S 2 x x
S 2 y y
y
y x R
x
Ochran (1977) y
R
( consistent)
Y X
1
y
R
y
Cx y
2 Cy
X
X
y
lr
=y+b(X-x) (3)
1
f
MSE(y
lr
) S 2(1 2
y ) (4)
n
Y X y
lr
y
y
lr
y
R
R S y / S x
x (Coefficient of Variation: C x )
(Coefficient of Kurtosis: 2 (x))
(Coefficient of Correlation : xy )
(Population Total : X ) (Min: X min ) (Max: X max )
Mohanty and Sahoo (1995)
X

152 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
t
y
MS1
V
(5)
t
y
MS2
(6)
MSE(t
MS1
)
1
f
R 2 2 2R S S2
1 S x 1
n
ySx y (7)
t
MS1
1 f
MSE(t
2 2 S S 2
MS2
)
R S 2R
2 x 2
y S
n
x y (8)
t
MS2
y
l
K
2m 1
K
l
2m 2
Y
R 1 ,
Y
R 2 ,
x Xmin , V
X X
X
min
Xmax
X
max
X
min
x X
max
X X
, max
X
max
X
min
X
max
X min
l n
K (0, ), l
2m 2 N n
X X
m min , m 1 max
1 1
X 2
X
X X
min
X
max
X
min
Bedi (1996)
( X )
Z
X+X
ˆT =y =y
R z
x+X
(9)
2 2
1
f R
T S x 2R
T
S ySx
MSE(T S2 R )
n
N 1 y
(N 1) 2
ˆ (10)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 153
R =
T
y
X+X
Tˆ R y 1
Cy
Cx 2(N 1)
Kadilar and Cingi (2006)
Singh Tailor
(11)
y
y
prl=
(XC x +)
xC x +
y
y
pr2= (X+C x )
(12)
x+C x
y
y
pr3= (X (x)+)
x (x)+ 2
2
y
y
pr4= (X+ (x))
x+ (x) 2
2
(13)
(14)
MSE( y )
1
f 2 2
R S 2R SS S2
prl n pr1 x pr1 x y y
1
f
MSE(y
pr2
) R2 S22R S S S2
n pr2 x pr2 x y y
1
f
MSE(y
pr3
) R2 S22R S S S2
n pr3 x pr3 x y y
1
f
MSE(y
pr4
) 2 2
R S 2R SS S2
n pr4 x pr4 x y y
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
R
yCx
pr1 XCx
, y
R , y
pr2 R 2 (x) , y
X pr3
R
Cx x2
(x)
pr4 x 2(x)
y
prj
y
R
2
0 , j 1, 2, 3, 4 (19)
(R 2 R 2 prj )Sx 2(R prj R)SxS y
x
Mohanty and
Sahoo (1995) Bedi (1996) Kadilar and Cingi (2006)

154 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
1.
y1
y2
y
(X X )
(x X min ) min
y
(XX X)
(x XminX)
min
(20)
(21)
2.
3.
Mohanty and Sahoo (1995) Bedi (1996) Kadilar and Cingi (2006)
1
2
MSE( ˆ 1 ) MSE(ˆ
2 )
4.
1.
y1
y2
y
(X X )
(x X min ) min
y
(XX X)
(xXminX)
min
c,d
h(x, y)
y1
h(x, y) , Y h(X, Y)
h(c, d)
h(X, Y)
(x X)
c
X,Y
h(c, d)
(yY)
d
X,Y
(22)

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 155
h( x, y)
(x X )
y-Y
x X,Y
1
h( x, y)
(y Y )
y
X,Y
(22), (23) c,d
Y
x-Xy+Y
x X min
(Y ) 2
(x X)
2
(y
1
Y)
2
(X X min ) 2
Y
2 (x X)(y-Y)+(y-Y
) 2
(X X min )
(23)
E( y-Y) 2
1
(Y ) 2
V(x)
(X X min) 2
Y
2
Cov(x,y) V(y)
(X X min )
R Y
1
X X , Syx
s xS y
min
1 f
MSE(y
1
) R 2 S 2
x 2R xSy S 2 1 1 S y
n
(24)
1 f
MSE(y
i
) R 2 2 2R SxSy S 2 i S x i y ;
i 1,2
n
(25)
YX R min
2
XXmin
X
2.
MSE
2.1 y
i
y
R
MSE(y
i) MSE(y
R)
(R 2 2
i R 2 )Sx 2(R i R) SxSy 0 , i 1, 2 (26)
(24) yi
y
R

156 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
2.2 y
i
t
MS1
t MS2
MSE(y
i
) MSE(t MS1 ) (R 2 2 2
i R MS1 )Sx 2(R i R MS1 ) SxSy 0 , i 1,2 (27)
MSE(y
i
) MSE(t MS2 ) (R 2 2 2
i R MS2 )Sx 2(R i R MS2 ) SxSy 0 , i 1,2 (28)
(25) (26) yi
t MS1
2.3 y
i
MSE(y ) MSE(T ˆ )
i
Tˆ R
t
MS2
S
2
R ((N 1)
2
R
2 2 x
i R T ) 2 2(N 1)((N 1)R i R T ) S x S y 0 ,
(N 1)
(27) yi
Tˆ R
i 1, 2 (29)
2.4 y
i
y
prj
MSE(y
i) MSE(y
prj) (R 2 2 2
i R prj )Sx 2(R i R prj ) SxSy 0 , i 1, 2, ; j 1,2,3, 4 (30)
(28) yi
y prj
3.
y
x 84 tehsil ( :
Daroga Singh (1986, p. 176))
N = 84 Y = 816.45 C x = 0.83
n = 20 X = 641.05 C y = 5.22
= 0.89 2 (x) = 4.29 S yx = 273,378.50
S y = 576.82 S x = 530.54
X max = 2,242 X min = 111

∫∑§«“¡
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ªï∑’Ë 39 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 157
1 MSE
MSE
y
R
3,540.52
Tˆ R
12,664.39
t MS1
2,704.42
t MS2
12,631.28
y
pr1
3,526.69
y
pr2
3,528.64
y
pr3
3,537.84
y
pr4
3,480.07
y
1
2,791.50
y
2
2,819.78
_
1 MSE y1 2,791.50
_
y R Tˆ _ _ _ _
R t MS2 y pr1 y pr2 y pr3 y pr4
2 MSE t
MS1
_
_
MSE y 2
2,819.78 y R Tˆ R
_ _ _ _
t MS2 y pr1 y pr2 y pr3 y pr4
2 MSE t MS1
_
y
i
_
y R Tˆ
_
R t MS1 t MS2 y pri
1.
2. 2

158 KKU Science Journal Volume 39 Number 1 Review
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß
ÿ“¥“ °’√–π—π∑πå. (2538). ∑ƒ…Æ’·≈–«‘∏’°“√ ”√«®
µ—«Õ¬à“ß. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ‚√ßæ‘¡æå·Ààß®ÿÓ≈ß°√≥å
¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬.
ÿ√‘π∑√å π‘¬¡“ß°Ÿ√. (2546). ‡∑§π‘§°“√ ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß. æ‘¡æå
§√—Èß∑’Ë 5. °√ÿ߇∑æœ: ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬‡°…µ√»“ µ√å.
Cochran, W.G. (1977). Sampling Techniques.
New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Daroga Singh, M. A. (1986). Theory and Analysis
of Sample Survey Designs. New Delhi,
India.
Mohanty, S. and Sahoo, J. (1995). A note on
improving the ratio method of estimators
through linear transformatiom using certain
known population parameters. Sankhya B.
57(1): 93-102.
Bedi, P. K. (1996). Efficient Utilization of Auxiliary
Information at Estimation Stage.Biometrical.
Journal. 38(8): 973-976.
Kadilar, C. and Cingi, H. (2006). An improvement
in estimating the population mean by using
the correlation coefficient. Hacettepe
Journal of Mathematics and Statistics. 35(1):
103-109.
❏❏❏❏❏

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§≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40002
E-mail: kku_scijournal@kku.ac.th
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‡√◊ËÕß∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√µ’æ‘¡æå ºŸâ‡¢’¬π®–‰¥â√—∫«“√ “√©∫—∫π—Èπ 1 ‡≈à¡

µ—«Õ¬à“ß
°“√«‘‡§√“–Àåª√‘¡“≥πÈ”¡—π·≈–°√¥‰¢¡—π¢Õß®‘ÈßÀ√’¥∑Õß≈“¬ (Gryllus sp.)
∑’ˇ≈’Ȭ߇æ◊ËÕ°“√§â“
∫√√®ß ‡◊ÈÕ‡¡◊Õßæ“π 1 «‘√— «àÕßæ—≤π“°ÿ≈ 2 ·≈– ª«’≥“ æß…å¥πµ√’ 1*
∫∑§—¥¬àÕ
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∫∑π”
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«‘∏’°“√
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1
¿“§«‘“’«‡§¡’ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40002
2
¿“§«‘“‡§¡’ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ®.¢Õπ·°àπ 40002
*
Corresponding Author, E-mail:

°“√‡¢’¬π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß„π«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢.
‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß (Reference) À¡“¬∂÷ß ‡Õ° “√À√◊Õ à«πÀπ÷ËߢÕ߇հ “√∑’ËÕâ“ßÕ‘ß∂÷ßÀ√◊Õ·ª≈¡“
‚¥¬µ√ß °“√‡¢’¬π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß„π‡π◊ÈÕÀ“π—Èπ „Àâ„â√–∫∫◊ËÕ·≈–ªï ‡àπ Williams (2001) √“¬ß“π«à“...
À√◊Õ... (Williams, 2001) °“√‡¢’¬π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß„πµÕπ∑⓬∫∑§«“¡π—Èπ „Àâ„ à‡©æ“–‡≈à¡∑’Ë¡’°“√Õâ“߉«â·≈â«
„π‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‡∑à“π—Èπ À“°Õâ“ß®“°‡≈à¡¿“…“‰∑¬ µâÕ߇¢’¬π∑—Èß◊ËÕ·≈–π“¡ °ÿ≈
∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ (Bibliography) À¡“¬∂÷ß ‡Õ° “√∑’Ë„âÕâ“ß∂÷ß„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë √ÿª‡ªìπÀ≈—°°“√À√◊Õ
∑ƒ…Æ’‚¥¬¡‘‰¥âÕâ“ßÕ‘ßÀ√◊Õ·ª≈¡“‚¥¬µ√ß
°“√‡¢’¬π‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß À√◊Õ∫√√≥“πÿ°√¡ ¡’·π«∑“ß°“√‡¢’¬π¥—ßπ’È
1. Àπ—ß ◊Õ
°. ¿“…“‰∑¬
◊ËÕµ—« π“¡ °ÿ≈¢Õߺ⟷µàß. (‡≈¢ªï æ.».) ◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ. (‡≈à¡∑’Ë). (æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë). ‡¡◊Õß∑’Ëæ‘¡æå: ‚√ßæ‘¡æå À√◊Õ
”π—°æ‘¡æå. ‡≈¢ÀπⓇ√‘Ë¡µâπ-‡≈¢Àπâ“ ÿ¥∑⓬∑’ËÕâ“ß∂÷ß.
¢. ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…
◊ËÕ °ÿ≈, Õ—°…√¬àÕ◊ËÕµâπ. Õ—°…√¬àÕ◊ËÕ√Õß. (‡≈¢ªï §.».). ◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ. (‡≈à¡∑’Ë). (æ‘¡æå§√—Èß∑’Ë). ‡¡◊Õß∑’Ëæ‘¡æå:
‚√ßæ‘¡æåÀ√◊Õ ”π—°æ‘¡æå. ‡≈¢ÀπⓇ√‘Ë¡µâπ-‡≈¢Àπâ“ ÿ¥∑⓬∑’ËÕâ“ßÕ‘ß.
2. ‡Õ° “√√“°“√
◊ËÕÀπ૬√“°“√. (‡≈¢ªï æ.». À√◊Õ §.».). ◊ËÕ‡√◊ËÕß. ◊ËÕÀπ—ß ◊Õ. ‡¡◊Õß∑’Ëæ‘¡æå: ‚√ßæ‘¡æå À√◊Õ ”π—°æ‘¡æå.
3. «“√ “√
°. ¿“…“‰∑¬
◊ËÕµ—« π“¡ °ÿ≈¢Õߺ⟷µàß. (‡≈¢ªï æ.».). ◊ËÕ∫∑§«“¡. ◊ËÕ«“√ “√. ‡≈à¡∑’Ë (©∫—∫∑’Ë): ‡≈¢ÀπⓇ√‘Ë¡µâπ-
‡≈¢Àπâ“ ÿ¥∑⓬.
¢. ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…
◊ËÕ °ÿ≈, Õ—°…√¬àÕ◊ËÕµâπ. Õ—°…√¬àÕ◊ËÕ√Õß. (‡≈¢ªï §.».). ◊ËÕ∫∑§«“¡. ◊ËÕ«“√ “√. ‡≈à¡∑’Ë (©∫—∫∑’Ë):
‡≈¢ÀπⓇ√‘Ë¡µâπ-‡≈¢Àπâ“ ÿ¥∑⓬.
À¡“¬‡Àµÿ
1. °√≥’∑’ˇªìπ‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ß®“°·À≈àßÕ◊Ëπ Ê πÕ°‡Àπ◊Õ®“°∑’Ë°”Àπ¥¢â“ßµâπ ‡àπ ®ÿ≈ “√ Àπ—ß ◊Õæ‘¡æå œ≈œ
„Àâ¬÷¥À≈—°°“√‡¢’¬πµ“¡·∫∫¢â“ßµâπ‚¥¬Õπÿ‚≈¡
2. °√≥’∑’Ë¡’ºâŸ‡¢’¬π 2 §π „À⇢’¬πµ“¡·∫∫¢Õߺ⟇¢’¬π§π·√° ·µà„À⇵‘¡§”«à“ ç·≈–é À√◊Õ çandé
Àπâ“◊ËÕ ÿ¥∑⓬„π°√≥’¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬ À√◊Õ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…µ“¡≈”¥—∫
3. °√≥’∑’Ë¡’ºâŸ‡¢’¬π¡“°°«à“ 2 §π¢÷Èπ‰ª „Àâ„ à‡©æ“–ºâŸ·µàß◊ËÕ·√°·≈–„ ৔«à“ ç·≈–§≥–é À√◊Õ çet al.é
„π°√≥’¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬ À√◊Õ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…µ“¡≈”¥—∫ (‡©æ“–„π‡π◊ÈÕÀ“‡∑à“π—Èπ)
4. ∂Ⓡհ “√∑’Ë∂Ÿ°Õâ“ßÕ‘ßÕ¬àŸ„π√–À«à“ßµ’æ‘¡æå „Àâ∫Õ°√“¬≈–‡Õ’¬¥¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥·≈–„⧔«à“ ç√–À«à“ßµ’æ‘¡æåé
À√◊Õ çin pressé „π°√≥’¢Õß¿“…“‰∑¬ À√◊Õ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…µ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‚¥¬«ß‡≈Á∫µàÕ∑⓬‡Õ° “√Õâ“ßÕ‘ßπ—Èπ

„∫ —Ëß≈ß‚…≥“
„π«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢.
‡√’¬π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢.
‡¢’¬π∑’Ë......................................................
«—π∑’Ë......................................................
¢â“懮â“.......................................................................µ”·Àπàß.......................................................
‡ªìπµ—«·∑π¢Õß (∫√‘…—∑/Àâ“ß√â“π/Õߧ尓√)...................................................................................................
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà........................................................................................................‚∑√»—æ∑å..........................................
‚∑√ “√........................................... ¡’§«“¡ª√– ߧ宖≈ß‚…≥“„π«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢.
¥—ß√“¬°“√µàÕ‰ªπ’È
„π©∫—∫ ( ’)
° ‡µÁ¡Àπâ“
° §√÷ËßÀπâ“
‚¥¬¢â“懮ⓢՄÀâ≈ß‚…≥“ ®”π«π...............©∫—∫ π—∫µ—Èß·µà©∫—∫·√° ∑’Ë®–æ‘¡æå„π§√—ÈßµàÕ‰ª
À≈—ß®“°∑’Ë∑à“π‰¥â√—∫Àπ—ß ◊Õ©∫—∫π’È·≈â«
æ√âÕ¡°—ππ’È ¢â“懮Ⓣ¥â àßµâπ©∫—∫‡æ◊ËÕ≈ß‚…≥“ (·ºàπ CD ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈) ·≈–‡ß‘π§à“‚…≥“‡ªìπ∏π“≥—µ‘
„ππ“¡ §ÿ≥ ÿ¿“æ√ æ‘¡æå«“ªï —Ëß®à“¬ ª∑. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ 40002 ‡ªìπ
®”π«π‡ß‘π.............................∫“∑ (...............................................................................)
≈ßπ“¡....................................................
(.................................................)
#
Õ—µ√“§à“‚…≥“„π«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å¡¢.
≈ß 1 ©∫—∫ (∫“∑) ≈ß 4 ©∫—∫ (∫“∑)
„π©∫—∫ ( ’) ‡µÁ¡Àπâ“ 1,000 3,600
§√÷ËßÀπâ“ 500 1,800

„∫ ¡—§√‡ªìπ ¡“‘°
«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢.
‡¢’¬π∑’Ë...........................................................................................
«—π∑’Ë...........................................................................................
‡√’¬π ∫√√≥“∏‘°“√«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢.
¢â“懮â“.................................................................................................................................................................
∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà.............................................................................................................................√À— ‰ª√…≥’¬å...............................
‚∑√»—æ∑å..................................................‚∑√ “√................................................... ¡’§«“¡ª√– ߧ宖 ¡—§√
¡“‘° ç«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢.é µ—Èß·µà©∫—∫∑’Ë......................ªï∑’Ë....................∂÷ß©∫—∫∑’Ë.....................
ªï∑’Ë......................... √«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ..........................©∫—∫
æ√âÕ¡°—ππ’È ¢â“懮Ⓣ¥â à߇ߑπ§à“ ¡—§√ ¡“‘° ‡ªìπ∏π“≥—µ‘ „ππ“¡ §ÿ≥ ÿ¿“æ√
æ‘¡æå«“ªï —Ëß®à“¬ ª∑. ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬¢Õπ·°àπ ®—ßÀ«—¥¢Õπ·°àπ 40002 ‡ªìπ®”π«π‡ß‘π
.......................................................∫“∑ (........................................................................................................)
≈ßπ“¡...............................................................
(...........................................................)
°”Àπ¥ÕÕ°¢Õß«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ µ√å ¡¢. ·≈–Õ—µ√“§à“ ¡—§√ ¡“‘°
ªï≈– 4 ©∫—∫ ‡ªìπ®”π«π‡ß‘π 200 ∫“∑
❖ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 ¡°√“§¡ - ¡’π“§¡
❖ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 2 ‡¡…“¬π - ¡‘∂ÿπ“¬π
❖ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 °√°Æ“§¡ - °—𬓬π
❖ ©∫—∫∑’Ë 4 µÿ≈“§¡ - ∏—𫓧¡
#

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