elektronická verzia publikácie - FIIT STU - Slovenská technická ...
elektronická verzia publikácie - FIIT STU - Slovenská technická ...
elektronická verzia publikácie - FIIT STU - Slovenská technická ...
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252 Selected Studies on Software and Information Systems<br />
smaller “expert” groups that explore a single topic. Once the work in expert groups is<br />
completed, they get back together to share the new expertise.<br />
In computer-mediated collaboration, the communication is altered compared to the faceto-face<br />
setting, and by using technology social cues in communication are reduced. The<br />
level of anonymity, the way status in the group is perceived, the level of miscommunication,<br />
and the conformity pressure from others changes.<br />
Synchronous vs. Asynchronous<br />
Communication in network environment is facilitated through the use of tools; both synchronous<br />
and asynchronous tools can be used, each having its advantages and disadvantages.<br />
Asynchronous collaboration includes blogs, document sharing, electronic mail (e-mail),<br />
social bookmarking, threaded discussions, and wikis. Asynchronous mode enables everyone to<br />
participate at their own will, not requiring rushed actions; it fosters reflective responses.<br />
On the other hand, in synchronous collaboration such as A/V conferencing, instant messaging,<br />
and working in shared workspaces, the pressure to answer quickly increases. Therefore,<br />
the size of a collaborative group which is appropriate for synchronous environment decreases<br />
as following the thread of conversation of a sizable group of people is difficult.<br />
Human vs. Artificial<br />
Usually only human entities collaborate, both in face-to-face and computer-mediated environments.<br />
Today however, artificial agents can be easily put behind constrained channels<br />
such as text messaging, or controlling game characters in role-playing games. By implementing<br />
sophisticated relational strategies, artificial group members are (to the extent<br />
of the interface) almost human-like and are capable of a very caring and supportive behavior<br />
which is ironically not very human-like. Previously unthought-of questions arise as to<br />
whether exercising behavior, usually deemed inappropriate, such as egoism, flaming, or<br />
jealousy might be in any way beneficial for the human in consideration.<br />
Under the notion of personalized collaboration we see a collaborative experience which<br />
is tailored to an individual not necessarily to her liking, but to achieve the best overall effect,<br />
by:<br />
− manipulating the collaborative mode, group’s size and structure (role-playing),<br />
− picking appropriate collaborative peers,<br />
− selecting appropriate tasks to work on, and<br />
− supporting interactions by cognitively and socially skilled artificial agent.<br />
Explicit vs. Implicit<br />
We distinguish explicit collaboration when participants are well aware that they are in fact<br />
collaborating, and receive direct benefits out of it, examples include direct communication<br />
(face-to-face activities, A/V conferencing, instant messaging, etc.), and wikis. In implicit<br />
collaboration the benefits are indirect and not at all straightforward. For example, in<br />
Google’s Translate (used for automated web-page translation), users can suggest a better<br />
translation than the automatically generated one, effectively producing a better training<br />
dataset for the underlying machine learning algorithms, which in turn also benefits others.