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User Modeling for Personalized Web-Based Systems 225
Personis user model
server
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Common
scrutability
interface
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View 2
AH N
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Scrutability
interface
AH 1
Scrutability
interface
AH 2
Scrutability
interface
User
Figure 8-4. Integration of Personis server with adaptive systems, according to [37].
SemanticLog
SemanticLog [5] is a user modeling server based on OWL ontologies. It accepts notifications
about occurrence of semantically defined events from multiple adaptive applications
(informing about an action performed by an individual user) and stores these events as an evidence.
Subsequently, it notifies registered user modeling inference agents about new event
to process. After its processing, inference agents may update the user model in a central
repository, where it is available to the adaptive applications.
The idea of SemanticLog is similar to CUMULATE. However, the representation of events
in the log using semantics based on ontologies allows for better separation (and thus better
reusability) of the log processing from the presentation tools and the server itself (responsible
mainly for log acquisition and storage). Inference agents work with semantics of the events
defined in the shared event ontology and do not need to know about the applications which
supplied the events [6].
8.5 Sources for User Modeling
Disadvantage of an overlay user model representation is its complicated initialization. When
user logs into the system for the first time, the system does not have enough information
to provide efficient personalization (if it does not have any access to user modeling server
holding information about the new user). This lack of new user characteristics is called