elektronická verzia publikácie - FIIT STU - Slovenská technická ...
elektronická verzia publikácie - FIIT STU - Slovenská technická ...
elektronická verzia publikácie - FIIT STU - Slovenská technická ...
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224 Selected Studies on Software and Information Systems<br />
◦ Inferred mode from the prerequisite relationships and<br />
◦ Inferred model from part-of relationships, both based on independent Bayesian<br />
networks.<br />
– Instructional Planner – responsible for guidance during learning process (selecting<br />
concept to be studied and the most adequate instructional resource).<br />
– Connection Manager – manages the requests and responses between MEDEA’s services<br />
(actually implemented as Web Services). The integration needs to deal with semantic<br />
perspective of the communication problem. Relationships between MEDEA’s<br />
domain models and its components must be established. Therefore, MEDEA implements<br />
methods for automatic type conversion of different representations of student<br />
knowledge (binary, discrete, real, etc.).<br />
The student model includes the student model updating service, that updates the student model<br />
whenever the student performs a pedagogical task (i.e., every time that an instructional resource<br />
is executed). When Diagnostic Instructional Resource evaluates (accurately) student’s<br />
knowledge about some domain topics, MEDEA adds this information to the verified knowledge<br />
model. As Estimate Instructional Resources provide evaluation based on student observation,<br />
the available information is used to update the estimated knowledge model. Non<br />
intelligent Instructional Resources do not evaluate students in any way, so the student model<br />
updating service just informs that the student has executed that task.<br />
It is unclear why authors of MEDEA decided to use Ontology eXtensible Markup Language<br />
(OXML) to represent domain model instead of widely used RDF/OWL approach.<br />
Moreover, authors do not describe this language, so we have no idea how the domain model<br />
is expressed. Current version of MEDEA forces authors to manually define mappings between<br />
MEDEA domain model and domain model of a particular Instructional Resource. As<br />
ontologies are used to represent the domain models, it is possible to apply semi-automated<br />
ontology mapping approaches to support authors in the mapping task.<br />
Personis<br />
Personis [37] is another generic user modeling server. It is distinct from others by emphasizing<br />
the scrutability of the user model [35].<br />
Figure 8-4 depicts integration of Personis server with individual adaptive systems. Interesting<br />
feature is a specific scrutability interface of each system as an addition to the common<br />
one. This allows users to explore their models within a context of the particular application.<br />
This could simplify user’s control of her model, which is used for personalization and thus<br />
indirectly significantly improve user’s experience with the system.<br />
Each application has its own view of the central user model, which decides which data<br />
should be accessible to the application. The view is set by the user, allowing her to decide<br />
upon availability of her (often) personal data to individual applications, thus preserving her<br />
privacy.<br />
User model is represented in triples component – evidence – source, where component<br />
represents user’s attribute, evidence its value and source identifies an application, which<br />
contributed this attribute to the user model.