2012 Trafficking In Persons Final Report.pdf - NCJTC Home

adically shift. Conditions that make women particularly vulnerable (such as illiteracy,
post-conflict zones, destitution) and attitudes that limit women‘s worth must be changed.
They believe that until this happens, sexual enslavement will persist.
Parsons, Brian, ―Significant Steps or Empty Rhetoric? Current Efforts by the United States to
Combat Sexual Trafficking near Military Bases‖ in Northwestern Journal of International
Human Rights, Vol. 4, Issue 3 (Spring 2006).
This article outlines the influence of US military presence in certain areas on trafficking.
The author looks at such locations as Bosnia and Herzegovnia, Kosovo, and South Korea
to demonstrate that the increased demand for commercial sex led to a thriving
prostitution industry, which in turn created a window for sex trafficking. The article
outlines the US legal attempts to penalize officers for engaging in the purchase of sexual
acts in an effort to decrease demand. Unfortunately, due to the large number of civilian
contractors, jurisdiction and other matters have made it difficult to stem the tide.
Penniten, Elina. Globalization, Prostitution and Sex-Trafficking (London: Routledge Advances
in International Relations and Global Politics, 2008).
Penniten approaches the intersecting issues of globalization, prostitution, and sextrafficking
through the lens of a postmodern feminist ethnography. Her narrative style
reflects an attempt to subvert the typically masculine logico-scientific framework of
research in favor of one that gives full personhood to the ‗objects‘ of study, namely the
women she interviewed in Finland.
Samarasinghe, Vidyamali and Barbara Burton, ―Strategising prevention: a critical review of local
initiatives to prevent female sex trafficking‖ in Development in Practice, Volume 17, Number 1,
February 2007.
This article assesses efforts by NGOs worldwide to assist victims of sex trafficking and to
combat trafficking through prevention strategies. The study finds that limited research on
male demand for commercial sex has hampered progress and that further investigation of
underlying gender norms will assist in this effort. The study also sees the use of raising
awareness among children by other children has helped certain regions, such as Nepal, in
dissuading young people from falling victim to ruses set out by traffickers. Empowering
victims and altering the framework to incorporate better gender equality and access to
fundamental rights. Furthermore, NGOs should partner with local communities to
improve grassroots efforts in a way that fits the local context.
Segrave, Marie, SanjaMilivojevic and Sharon Pickering. Sex Trafficking: International Context
and Response (Portland: Willan Publishing, 2009).
Feminist scholars Segrave, Milivojevic, and Pickering situate the phenomenon of sex
trafficking within the context of global attitudes toward gender identity and norms.
Rather than creating legislation and crafting policies that empower women who have
been trafficked, politicians and global leaders overemphasize victimhood to the point of
rendering the women powerless, weak, vulnerable, and in need of rescue. The authors
feel that this dangerous framework has been perpetuated for too long by long-standing
cultural, social, political, and religious stereotypes. As a result, many women who have
been trafficked are treated only as victims. If they fail to cooperate with law enforcement
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