2012 Trafficking In Persons Final Report.pdf - NCJTC Home

Stoecker, Sally and Louise Shelley, ed. Human Traffic and Transnational Crime: Eurasian and
American Perspectives (Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2005).
This collection of articles explores the dimensions of human trafficking in Russia, the
Ukraine, China, and the United States with an eye towards the role of criminal networks
and illegal migration in trafficking cases. Several articles also tackle legislative efforts to
combat trafficking and prosecute offenders.
UNESCO 2010 Trafficking Report
This report, sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization, examines the state of human trafficking worldwide and assesses various
attempts to combat it. The report also cites critical shortcomings of efforts to date, such
as difficulty identifying trafficking cases; limitations in the rule of law; corruption and
organized crime; lack of cooperation amongst various national and international groups;
conflation of the control of trafficking with the control of prostitution and illegal
migration; issues with defining the parameters of trafficking; lack of adequate training
and expertise; border control issues; emphasis on sex trafficking to the neglect of other
forms of trafficking. The report suggests that focusing on the markets that create demand
for trafficked persons will assist in devising strategies that target these areas. Viewing
trafficking as both a criminal law issue and a human rights concern will help to create
systems of monitoring and prevention.
United Nations, Office on Drugs and Crime, Toolkit to Combat Trafficking in Persons (2008)
Proceeding in ten parts, this toolkit discusses: (1) the international legal framework for
trafficking; (2) problem assessment and strategy development; (3) legislative framework;
(4) international criminal justice cooperation; (5) law enforcement and prosecution; (6)
victim identification; (7) immigration status of victims and their return and reintegration;
(8) victim assistance; (9) prevention of trafficking in persons (including a subtopic on
commercial sexual exploitation of children); and (10) monitoring and evaluation.
UNODC, ―The Role of Corruption in Trafficking in Persons‖ (2011)
This comprehensive report examines the role of corruption in human trafficking by
examining patterns and the role of corruption in government and private sectors and
various UN conventions pertaining to corruption. Based on these findings, the report
makes a number of critical recommendations for nations, from building awareness to
improving upon data collection.
Vandenberg, Martina, Complicity, Corruption, and Human Rights: Trafficking in Human Beings,
34 Case W. Res. J. Int‘l L. 333 (2002).
Human Rights Watch researcher and legal scholar Martina Vandenberg outlines the role
of official corruption in supporting, ignoring, and perpetuating human trafficking,
particularly sex trafficking. She explores several cases, including the Ukraine, Greece,
Israel, and Romania, in which officials either played a role in allowing forced prostitution
to occur or even purchased sex acts from known trafficking victims. Vandenberg argues
that the way law enforcement frequently views trafficking victims, as criminals rather
than as victims, compounded with corruption, makes it difficult to identify, recover, and
rehabilitate victims. Furthermore, she finds the language of rescue problematic, in that it
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