2012 Trafficking In Persons Final Report.pdf - NCJTC Home

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Trafficking in Persons symposium Table 2: Symposium Topic Importance Topics Percent Reporting 'Very Important' to Cover at Symposium Child Trafficking Investigation Procedures and Practices 82% Law Enforcement Response to Child Trafficking 75% Interviewing Victims of Child Trafficking 73% Training and Education on Child Trafficking 69% Child Trafficking Prosecution 64% Federal, State and Local Resources for Child Trafficking 58% Indicators of Child Trafficking 55% Child Trafficking Victim Advocacy 51% Public Awareness of Child Trafficking 51% Child Trafficking Community Interventions 49% Child Trafficking Social/Psychological Services 48% Addressing Demand 46% Risk Factors Associated with Child Trafficking 43% Magnitude of Child Trafficking 42% Child Trafficking Research 37% International Efforts to Combat Child Trafficking 30% Finally, participants were asked about their preferred Symposium format. Breakout or focus group type activities were the most commonly requested format (57 percent); followed closely by directed and focused discussions (51 percent). Focus Groups Facilitated focus group discussions on themes and topics provided qualitative data on child sex and labor trafficking. Focus group participants were asked to address a variety of themes specific to child trafficking including: Identification, Engaging Victims, Investigation and Prosecution, Response, Restoration and Survivor Perspective. The findings and for each goal and objective are presented below. Goal 1: Examine the relationship between missing and abducted children, and trafficking and exploitation. Objective 1: Analyze the link between missing and abducted children and trafficking 18
FINAL REPORT Finding: Trafficking victims are a subset of missing children that are at high-risk for victimization and exploitation. The focus group developed a graphic to depict the relationship between missing and trafficked children. The graph indicates that there is overlap between missing and abducted children. Participants noted that the Internet is often a factor in the child choosing to leave home and becoming a victim, as they are often seduced/recruited by traffickers online. A dysfunctional home life can make children vulnerable to running away and being lured into trafficking as well. Family problems can also cause a missing child to stay in the trafficking business since they see no other option. Goal 2: Promote a deeper understanding of child trafficking, trafficking victimology and offender characteristics. Objective 1: Describe victims of child trafficking Finding: The data suggest that most victims come from dysfunctional families and lack positive support systems and role models. Children, who are malnourished, abused, marginalized, or addicted to drugs and/or alcohol are all good targets for trafficking. Low self-esteem is also a common characteristic among many victims. Problems at school (repeated visits to school nurse, truancy patterns, etc.) can signal that a student is being trafficked as can their physical appearance including hair, clothes, shoes, fingernails, and tattoos. Objective 2: Describe offender/victim dynamics Finding: A common method for describing an offender in relation to the victim is “known” and “unknown.” “Known” offenders are personally identified by the victim before they are trafficked and can include friends or family. “Unknown” offenders develop a relationship with the victim after the crime has happened. Participants also noted that because trafficking happens across cultures, developing culturally sensitive laws and practices to deal with it is very important. The best traffickers are very psychologically adept. These offenders are able to identify, target, and exploit specific needs of the victim to gain acceptance and compliance. The data also emphasized the role of co-traffickers in the process. There are typically multiple offenders involved each of whom serves a different role/purpose (recruiter, trafficker, and leader for example). Survivors also noted that traffickers, handlers and controllers use many methods to control their victims: physical and verbal abuse, a complex system of rewards, addicting victims to drugs, and psychological control. Beyond the traffickers efforts, victims do not see that there are better options or are not viewed as victims by those in positions to assist them. Understanding the offender/victim dynamic, according to survivors, also includes investigation of how others unknowingly support this relationship. 19
Page 1 and 2: Trafficking in Persons sym posi u m
Page 3 and 4: FINAL REPORT TABLE OF CONTENTS EXEC
Page 5 and 6: FINAL REPORT Executive Summary Sinc
Page 7 and 8: FINAL REPORT reach, drop-in centers
Page 9 and 10: FINAL REPORT Introduction Human tra
Page 11 and 12: FINAL REPORT There are a number of
Page 13 and 14: FINAL REPORT whether the interventi
Page 15 and 16: FINAL REPORT Goal 5: Determine best
Page 17 and 18: FINAL REPORT Symposium Design and M
Page 19 and 20: FINAL REPORT Exhibit 1: Focus Group
Page 21: FINAL REPORT from Mexico and Canada
Page 25 and 26: FINAL REPORT the prohibition of car
Page 27 and 28: FINAL REPORT cases at the federal l
Page 29 and 30: FINAL REPORT specialized treatment
Page 31 and 32: FINAL REPORT be constantly monitore
Page 33 and 34: FINAL REPORT Participants recommend
Page 35 and 36: FINAL REPORT sound missing persons
Page 37 and 38: FINAL REPORT Objective 4: Develop l
Page 39 and 40: FINAL REPORT Objective 12: Develop
Page 41 and 42: FINAL REPORT Summary of Results The
Page 43 and 44: FINAL REPORT Limitations Explorator
Page 45 and 46: FINAL REPORT Finkelhor, D., &Ormrod
Page 47 and 48: FINAL REPORT Silbert, M. H., & Pine
Page 49 and 50: 2012 Trafficking In Persons Symposi
Page 51 and 52: Phil Keith, Program Director, AMBER
Page 53 and 54: 10:30 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Community
Page 55 and 56: FINAL REPORT Appendix B: 2012 Sympo
Page 57 and 58: Contents Annotated Bibliography ...
Page 59 and 60: McGaha, Johnny E. and Amanda Evans,
Page 61 and 62: UNICEF, Guidelines on the Protectio
Page 63 and 64: Lee, Maggy. Trafficking and Global
Page 65 and 66: more often leads to victims being d
Page 67 and 68: adically shift. Conditions that mak
Page 69 and 70: article gives strategies for law en
Page 71 and 72: UNODC, ―Anti-human trafficking ma
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Romanian, Czech, the U.S., and Cana
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Defendant convicted with human traf
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ABA publication from 2009 giving an
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Tiano, Susan, Billy Ulibarri, and C
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Films On Demand. (Producer). (2011)
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Watch The Daily. (Producer). (2011)
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Kurian David v. Signal Internationa
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IOM Counter-Trafficking http://www.
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- Girls Educational and Mentoring S
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Streetlight Program. Established in
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Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Traf
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ecovered victims, and providing phy
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Shared Hope International www.share
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