Phase II Final Report - NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts

Planetary Exploration Using Biomimetics
An Entomopter for Flight on Mars
Figure 3-12: Plan-view of Entomopter Wing ............................................................................ 53
Figure 3-13: Mass Distribution Along the Wing Length ........................................................... 54
Figure 3-14: Load Diagram and Coordinate System for Wing Loading ................................... 55
Figure 3-15: Entomopter Wing Structural Geometry ................................................................ 57
Figure 3-16: Total Mass for Various Wing Structural Configurations ...................................... 58
Figure 3-17: Mass Distribution for Various Structural Geometries .......................................... 58
Figure 3-18: Loading Profile at Various Radial Stations Along the Wing for a Hollow Tapered
Wing .................................................................................................................... 60
Figure 3-19: Radial Loading Profile at Various Locations Along the Wing for a Hollow Tapered
Wing .................................................................................................................... 61
Figure 3-20: Loading, Shear, and Bending Moment for a Hollow Tapered Wing .................... 61
Figure 3-21: Effect of Hollow Elliptical Core Dimensions on Wing-section Mass .................. 62
Figure 3-22: Effect of Hollow Elliptical Core Dimensions on Wing-tip Deflection ................. 62
Figure 3-23: Effect of Wing-root Thickness on Wing-tip Deflection & Wing-section Mass ... 63
Figure 3-24: Effect of Wing-tip Thickness on Wing-tip Deflection & Wing-section Mass ..... 63
Figure 3-25: CAD Wing Section for the Hollow, Tapered Baseline Geometry--Root to Tip from
Wing Top ............................................................................................................ 64
Figure 3-26: CAD Wing Section for the Hollow, Tapered Baseline Geometry - Top View .... 64
Figure 3-27: CAD Wing Section for the Hollow, Tapered Baseline Geometry--Leading Edge
View .................................................................................................................... 65
Figure 3-28: Computational Grid .............................................................................................. 67
Figure 3-29: Surface Grid .......................................................................................................... 67
Figure 3-32: Wing Outline and Trailing Edge Mass Ejection Used for Circulation Control .... 69
Figure 3-33: Dynamic Stall Vortex Highlighted Using Streamlines ......................................... 69
Figure 3-30: Dynamic Stall Vortex Highlighted by Massless Particles .................................... 69
Figure 3-31: Cambered Airfoil Surface with 30 o Ejection from Bottom Rear of the Airfoil .... 69
Figure 3-34: Airfoil Surface Grid Highlighting Tangential Blowing and LEV Development .. 70
Figure 3-35: Airfoil Surface Highlighting Tangential Blowing and LEV Development .......... 70
Figure 3-36: Drag Coefficient vs. Time with Blowing/Oscillation ........................................... 70
Figure 3-37: Lift Coefficient vs. Time with Blowing/Oscillation ............................................. 71
Figure 3-38: Pressure Contours for Blowing (Left) and No Blowing (Right) ........................... 72
Figure 3-39: Airfoil with Elliptic Leading Edge ....................................................................... 72
Figure 3-40: Airfoil with the Mesh ............................................................................................ 73
Figure 3-41: Lift Coefficient vs. Angle of Attack ..................................................................... 74
Figure 3-42: Drag Coefficient vs. Angle of Attack ................................................................... 75
Figure 3-43: Velocity Vectors for a = -3 o .................................................................................. 76
Figure 3-44: Pressure Contours for a = -3 o ................................................................................ 76
Figure 3-45: Velocity Vectors for a = 0 o ................................................................................... 77
Figure 3-46: Pressure Contours for a = 0 o ................................................................................. 77
Figure 3-47: Velocity Vectors for a = 2.31 o .............................................................................. 78
Figure 3-48: Pressure Contours for a = 2.31 o ............................................................................ 78
Figure 3-49: Velocity Vectors for a = 5.31 o .............................................................................. 79
Figure 3-50: Pressure Contours for a = 5.31 o ............................................................................ 79
Figure 3-51: Velocity Vectors for a = 8.31 o .............................................................................. 80
Figure 3-52: Pressure Contours for a = 8.31 o ............................................................................ 80
Figure 3-53: Velocity Vectors for a = 11.31 o ............................................................................ 81
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Phase II Final Report