Phase II Final Report - NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts

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Planetary Exploration Using Biomimetics An Entomopter for Flight on Mars 200 180 160 Pressure Storage, Dynamic Power Pressure Storage PV Power Cryogenic Storage, Dynamic Power Cryogenic Storage, PV Power Direct H2O2 Storage 140 Total Fuel Sys tem Mas s (kg) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Mission Duration (days) Figure 3-167: Total Fuel System Mass as a Function of Mission Duration From these results, it is obvious that, for short and moderate mission duration, it is better to carry the fuel directly in a tank instead of trying to manufacture it. If a mission duration of a year or longer is proposed, then producing the fuel on Mars may have an advantage. If fuel is brought directly from Earth, additional, more energetic fuels too difficult to manufacture on Mars could be considered. This analysis looked only at hydrogen peroxide because it would be one of the easier fuels to manufacture on Mars and the objective of the analysis was to determine if there is an advantage to producing fuel there. By utilizing another type of fuel that provides more energy per volume than hydrogen peroxide, however, the performance of the Entomopter vehicle may be enhanced. 3.6 Power System Although the Entomopter engine provides the power to propel the vehicle, electric power is still needed to run communications and science equipment. If the vehicle is to be used for repeated missions, this power system would need to be rechargeable or have the ability to produce power for extended periods of time. Systems that may be able to meet this requirement are the following: • Photovoltaic/Battery System • Thermoelectric Generator • Linear Alternator 206 Phase II Final Report
Chapter 3.0 Vehicle Design 3.6 Power System The key to the evaluation of these systems will be whether they can meet the estimated powerproduction requirements within the mass and volume constraints of the vehicle. The system will need to power the communications system, science equipment, and onboard computer systems. The overall power system design will depend on the power needs for each of these systems as well as the load profile each requires. For the purposes of comparison, an estimate of the power requirements of each of the systems is given below. These estimates are based on an operational pattern for the Entomopter and the power-required profiles for each of the systems, considered a likely mode of operation for the given system. A typical mission is estimated to last 1 hour. It is estimated that the Entomopter would fly for about 10 minutes total and be on the ground for approximately 50 minutes. While on the ground, the Entomopter would collect and analyze data and transmit information back to the rover. Therefore, the power system will need to operate fully while the vehicle is stationary and the engine is off. The systems on the Entomopter that require power throughout the mission are: • Communications • Science Equipment • Internal Systems A description of these systems and estimates of their required power throughout the mission are given in the following sections. The profiles shown for each of the systems is based on an approximation of how the Entomopter will operate for a standard mission. However, unless the energy consumption is significantly changed, a change in the profiles (by staying on the surface longer or making multiple landings) will not have a significant effect on power system requirements or selection. 3.6.1 Communications The transmitting power for the communications system is estimated to be 0.5 W. The transmission from the communications system will be intermittent and depend greatly on the amount and type of data being transferred. An example of a transmission profile is given in Figure 3-168. Based on this profile, the energy consumption by the communications system through one mission cycle would be 0.3 watthours (W-h). 207
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Planetary Exploration Using Biomime
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Table of Contents Table of Contents
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List of Tables List of Tables Table
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List of Figures List of Figures Fig
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List of Figures Figure 3-54: Pressu
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List of Figures Figure 3-138: Stere
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List of Figures Figure 4-24: Averag
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List of Contributors List of Contri
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Executive Summary Executive Summary
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Chapter 1.0 Introduction Chapter 1.
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Chapter 1.0 Introduction Figure 1-2
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Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Histor
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Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1.2 Origin
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Chapter 1.0 Introduction 1.3 Missio
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1.3.3.1 Surface Imaging The Entomop
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Chapter 2.0 Entomopter Configuratio
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Chapter 3.0 Vehicle Design 3.1 Wing
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3. Density: 1.40E-2 kg/m 3 4. Press
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Chapter 4.0 Entomopter Flight Opera
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Chapter 5.0 Potential Payload Funct
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Chapter 6.0 Media Exposure 6.1 Intr
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Chapter 6.0 Media Exposure 6.3 Onli
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Chapter 6.0 Media Exposure 6.6 Spec
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Chapter 7.0 Conclusion Chapter 7.0
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Appendix A: Mars Atmosphere Data JP
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Appendix A: Mars Atmosphere Data Ge
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Appendix A: Mars Atmosphere Data Ge
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Appendix A: Mars Atmosphere Data Ma
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Appendix B: Sizing Results Appendix
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Appendix B: Sizing Results 30 Wing
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Appendix B: Sizing Results 16 Wing
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Appendix B: Sizing Results Length 0
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Appendix B: Sizing Results Lenght 0
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Appendix C: List of References Appe
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Appendix C: List of References 41.
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Phase II Final Report - NASA's Institute for Advanced Concepts

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