Global Health Watch 1 in one file

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Health and globalization | A1 WHO (2004). World health report 2004: changing history. Geneva, WHO 2004 (http:// www.who.int/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf, accessed 1 February 2005). World Trade Organization (1996). Zambia’s economic and trade reforms start to show benefits. Geneva, WTO (http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp37_e.htm, accessed 1 February 2005). WTO (2000). European communities – measures affecting asbestos and asbestos containing products: report of the panel. Geneva, WTO (http://www.worldtradelaw. net/reports/wtoab/ec-asbestos(ab).pdf, accessed 1 February 2005). Wysocki B (1995). The outlook: foreigners find U.S. a good place to invest. The Wall Street Journal, 7 August. Yunker JA (2004). Could a global Marshall Plan be successful? An investigation using the WEEP simulation model. World Development, 32(7):1109–1137. 52
part b | Health care services and systems This section of the Watch is focused on the governance, organization and delivery of health care services. Easy access to health care is critical for all people, and the ability to receive timely care when we are sick and at our most vulnerable is highly valued. The first chapter in this section discusses the critical determinants of access to health care and the reasons why this right is violated for many. It raises questions about the relationship between access and equity, and points to principles of health care financing that should be adopted by governments and international health agencies. The chapter calls for a recommitment to the principles of the Alma Ata Declaration and calls for a new agenda of policies and actions that will develop health care systems capable of delivering on the principles of the Declaration. These include reversing the growth and malign effects of the commercialization of health care over the last three decades; reasserting the role of government and non-market, trust-based relationships within health care systems; shifting the focus from narrow and selective health programmes towards a more holistic approach to health care systems development; balancing short-term, emergency responses with more long-term sustainable planning; and designing health care system that promote a multi-sectoral agenda of health promotion rather a limited medical model of clinical care. A further chapter on the global market for health workers highlights the direct impact of the broader global political economy on health care systems in developing countries. Not only are the health care systems of developing countries under-resourced and over-burdened, but they face having their most precious assets poached and drained away by the pull of rich country health care systems. As the single biggest item of expenditure in a health care system, the world’s response to the health personnel crisis of developing country health care systems must be placed under close scrutiny. The effects of commercialization are discussed further in the second chapter on medicines. The role of Big Pharma – which portrays itself as a force for good – is placed under the microscope and reveals not just a significant deficiency in the current system for financing research and development, but also the existence of disturbing and unhealthy relationships between Big Pharma
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About this book Today’s global he
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Global Health Watch 2005-2006 An al
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Contents Boxes, figures and tables
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C2.1 The facts about disability 180
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Illustrations 1 Medicine cannot dea
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Acknowledgements The following indi
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London School of Hygiene and Tropic
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Victoria, Canada; Centre for Health
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Foreword New reports on different a
Page 19 and 20: Introduction Origins The Global Hea
Page 21 and 22: Child malnutrition, death and disab
Page 23 and 24: Human rights and responsibilities A
Page 25 and 26: impacting on health. The Watch hope
Page 27: part a | Health and globalization T
Page 30 and 31: Health and globalization | A1 and h
Page 32 and 33: Health and globalization | A1 in 20
Page 34 and 35: Health and globalization | A1 is gl
Page 36 and 37: Health and globalization | A1 peopl
Page 38 and 39: Health and globalization | A1 numbe
Page 40 and 41: Health and globalization | A1 and p
Page 42 and 43: Health and globalization | A1 econo
Page 44 and 45: Health and globalization | A1 Box A
Page 46 and 47: Health and globalization | A1 half
Page 48 and 49: Health and globalization | A1 appro
Page 50 and 51: table a1 Key health concerns with W
Page 52 and 53: Health and globalization | A1 Healt
Page 54 and 55: Health and globalization | A1 merci
Page 56 and 57: Health and globalization | A1 thems
Page 58 and 59: Health and globalization | A1 Even
Page 60 and 61: Health and globalization | A1 • A
Page 62 and 63: Health and globalization | A1 non-v
Page 64 and 65: Health and globalization | A1 27-28
Page 66 and 67: Health and globalization | A1 Jenki
Page 68 and 69: Health and globalization | A1 Satte
Page 72 and 73: and regulatory authorities mandated
Page 74 and 75: Health care systems | B1 4) selecti
Page 76 and 77: Health care systems | B1 • And si
Page 78 and 79: Health care systems | B1 • declin
Page 80 and 81: Health care systems | B1 user charg
Page 82 and 83: Health care systems | B1 focus on t
Page 84 and 85: Health care systems | B1 for health
Page 86 and 87: Health care systems | B1 their cont
Page 88 and 89: Health care systems | B1 health car
Page 90 and 91: Health care systems | B1 ing servic
Page 92 and 93: Health care systems | B1 Box B1.7 G
Page 94 and 95: Health care systems | B1 many of th
Page 96 and 97: Health care systems | B1 the lack o
Page 98 and 99: Macro-economic factors Impoverished
Page 100 and 101: Health care systems | B1 HALE 2000
Page 102 and 103: Health care systems | B1 But improv
Page 104 and 105: Health care systems | B1 high-incom
Page 106 and 107: Health care systems | B1 Structural
Page 108 and 109: Health care systems | B1 the high t
Page 110 and 111: Health care systems | B1 and histor
Page 112 and 113: Health care systems | B1 norms (Loe
Page 114 and 115: Health care systems | B1 Foster M,
Page 116 and 117: Health care systems | B1 Toole M et
Page 118 and 119: B2 | Medicines Introduction Essenti
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Health care systems | B2 of new med
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Health care systems | B2 chapter re
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Health care systems | B2 the fourth
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Health care systems | B2 agenda thr
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Health care systems | B2 nonetheles
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Health care systems | B2 decision o
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Health care systems | B2 for the an
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Health care systems | B2 expenditur
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Health care systems | B2 Medawar C
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Health care systems | B3 between he
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Severe shortage Low density Moderat
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Health care systems | B3 sector and
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Health care systems | B3 to the US,
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Health care systems | B3 500 400 30
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Health care systems | B3 have been
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Health care systems | B3 to underta
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B4 | Sexual and reproductive health
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Health care systems | B4 10 Policy-
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Health care systems | B4 women and
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Health care systems | B4 of funding
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Health care systems | B4 debate on
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Health care systems | B4 the sexual
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Health care systems | B4 perspectiv
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Health care systems | B5 genome res
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Health care systems | B5 drugs base
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Health care systems | B5 Complete f
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Health care systems | B5 when a tes
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Health care systems | B5 are allowi
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Health care systems | B5 of life sc
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part c | Health of vulnerable group
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 me
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 pr
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Th
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Ca
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Bo
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Pa
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Health of vulnerable groups | C2 DP
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Health of vulnerable groups | C2 di
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part d | The wider health context T
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D1 | Climate change Introduction En
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increasing quantities are now causi
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development, local availability foo
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14 Droughts threaten the food secur
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Protocol can meet their targets by
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15 Transport and travel are major d
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• Redesign trade rules. Governmen
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D2 | Water Access to enough clean w
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water consumption worldwide. Each p
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table d2.1 Top corporate players in
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16 Protesting against the privatiza
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Box D2.3 Regulating private water c
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The private sector overestimates th
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Box D2.7 US citizens told to boil t
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to water. Worse still, it does this
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References Barlow M, Clarke T (2002
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D3 | Food Undernutrition is by far
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Functional and Productive Capacity
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table d3.1 Corporate control of US
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keting and processing means that sm
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average Indian family of four reduc
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Bank’s US$ 93.5 million loan to C
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Avery N, Drake M, Lang T (1993). Cr
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D4 | Education Some 135 million chi
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ledge about health-care practices a
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2005, and on present trends about 4
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Box D4.3 Programmes that aim to emp
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• per capita public spending fall
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unable to recruit 9000 badly needed
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Gordon D et al. (2003). The distrib
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D5 | War War has an enormous and tr
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19 Chechnya destroyed. War has wide
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initiated a ‘war on terrorism’.
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an explosive force equivalent to ab
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the risk of their misuse and divers
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Box D5.3 An agenda for peace The Ha
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Machel G (1996). Impact of Armed Co
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part e | Holding to account: global
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E1 | World Health Organization The
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The sources consulted worldwide in
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Box E1.1 Milestones in WHO history
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aised by his attempts to revitalize
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• stronger internal focus on perf
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21 WHO - up in the clouds? Reaction
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in favour of so-called ‘vertical
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to speak openly, while bullying and
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velop a unified, purposeful health
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to medicines, and the mobilizing ro
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Recommendations WHO’s core purpos
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doctors, and more people with exper
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E2 | UNICEF In 2005, Carol Bellamy,
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In sum, for almost a decade, childr
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prompted a global debate on how to
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E3 | The World Bank and the Interna
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22 World Bank: the centre of world
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approach to conditionality is being
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tal policies should explicitly refe
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E4 | Big business This chapter deal
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23 The Marlboro Man was described b
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dedicated funding [Articles 5.6 and
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grass roots in building government
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24 A pack of Cerelac cereal food pu
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USAID has also funded work on breas
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(from whatever its source, and howe
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These trends in taxation are underp
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Norway Denmark Netherlands Luxembou
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Global aid trends - allocation Wher
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weapons, vehicles and military trai
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table e5.1 Value (in £) of new DFI
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OECD (2005). Development Co-operati
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25 Breaking the chains of debt: pro
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Box E6.1 Zambia: inflation or death
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have met the Fund’s conditions, a
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E7 | Essential health research Rese
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Developing national health research
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for African Medical Editors (Certai
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Neither the consultations leading u
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Box E7.4 Asking the social-politica
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• global architecture for health
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part f | Conclusions Global Health
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current debt relief mechanism - the
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agreement, and taking health and he
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ity of the now-developed countries
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tion and water are experiencing sim
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