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The wider health context | D5 Zwi AB, Fustukian S, Sethi D (2002). Conflict and the humanitarian response. In: K Lee, K Buse, S Fustukian, ed. Health Policy in a Globalizing World. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Zwi A, Ugalde A, and Richards P (1999). The Effects of War and Political Violence on Health Services. In: Kurtz L, ed. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace and Conflict. San Diego, Academic Press. 266
part e | Holding to account: global institutions, transnational corporations and rich nations Although positioned near the end, this section of the Global Health Watch is its central component. Here the Watch goes beyond other annual reports on aspects of world health to reflect on the performance of global institutions, governments and corporations. The monitoring component of the Watch is diverse, combining short and long pieces on these different actors. But again, common themes emerge. First amongst these is meanness. The chapter on aid reveals how much richer the developed nations have got over the last forty years, but how they spend nearly exactly the same now on aid to the developing world as they did in the 1960s. Despite repayments worth hundreds of millions of dollars, developing nations are still paying through the nose for mistakes made both by themselves and rich nations during the lending frenzy of the 1970s. Or rather, it is the poor in the developing world today who unfairly pay for the past mistakes of governments and institutions long gone or from distant lands. The second common theme is lack of democracy. The chapters on the international institutions – WHO, Unicef, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, as well as analysis of the World Trade Organization in part A of the Watch – reveal a crisis of governance provoked by the attempts of rich nations to make the international order in their own image. The recent US-driven appointments of Paul Wolfowitz and Ann Veneman to head the World Bank and Unicef respectively are symptoms of the crisis. The chapters suggest reforms to re-balance the scales of influence. A third theme is misuse of power. Mismanagement and distorted priorities are a common factor in the despair felt by many working in and around the health-promoting international institutions. A deliberately long chapter on WHO concentrates not only the harsh external environment the organization faces, but the internal management problems which lead to organizational paralysis. But, as the chapter shows, change from within is possible. Finally, health is a field where the effects of corporate decisions are keenly felt. Two case studies on tobacco control and the marketing of breastmilk substitutes show both how business can be regulated by international regulatory intervention, and the success of international advocacy by citizens’ groups; although they also show the continuing attempts by corporations to
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About this book Today’s global he
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Global Health Watch 2005-2006 An al
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Contents Boxes, figures and tables
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C2.1 The facts about disability 180
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Illustrations 1 Medicine cannot dea
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Acknowledgements The following indi
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London School of Hygiene and Tropic
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Victoria, Canada; Centre for Health
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Foreword New reports on different a
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Introduction Origins The Global Hea
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Child malnutrition, death and disab
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Human rights and responsibilities A
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impacting on health. The Watch hope
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part a | Health and globalization T
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Health and globalization | A1 and h
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Health and globalization | A1 in 20
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Health and globalization | A1 is gl
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Health and globalization | A1 peopl
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Health and globalization | A1 numbe
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Health and globalization | A1 and p
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Health and globalization | A1 econo
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Health and globalization | A1 Box A
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Health and globalization | A1 half
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Health and globalization | A1 appro
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table a1 Key health concerns with W
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Health and globalization | A1 Healt
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Health and globalization | A1 merci
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Health and globalization | A1 thems
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Health and globalization | A1 Even
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Health and globalization | A1 • A
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Health and globalization | A1 non-v
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Health and globalization | A1 27-28
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Health and globalization | A1 Jenki
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Health and globalization | A1 Satte
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Health and globalization | A1 WHO (
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and regulatory authorities mandated
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Health care systems | B1 4) selecti
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Health care systems | B1 • And si
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Health care systems | B1 • declin
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Health care systems | B1 user charg
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Health care systems | B1 focus on t
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Health care systems | B1 for health
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Health care systems | B1 their cont
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Health care systems | B1 health car
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Health care systems | B1 ing servic
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Health care systems | B1 Box B1.7 G
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Health care systems | B1 many of th
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Health care systems | B1 the lack o
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Macro-economic factors Impoverished
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Health care systems | B1 HALE 2000
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Health care systems | B1 But improv
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Health care systems | B1 high-incom
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Health care systems | B1 Structural
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Health care systems | B1 the high t
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Health care systems | B1 and histor
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Health care systems | B1 norms (Loe
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Health care systems | B1 Foster M,
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Health care systems | B1 Toole M et
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B2 | Medicines Introduction Essenti
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Health care systems | B2 of new med
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Health care systems | B2 chapter re
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Health care systems | B2 the fourth
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Health care systems | B2 agenda thr
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Health care systems | B2 nonetheles
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Health care systems | B2 decision o
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Health care systems | B2 for the an
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Health care systems | B2 expenditur
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Health care systems | B2 Medawar C
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Health care systems | B3 between he
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Severe shortage Low density Moderat
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Health care systems | B3 sector and
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Health care systems | B3 to the US,
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Health care systems | B3 500 400 30
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Health care systems | B3 have been
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Health care systems | B3 to underta
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B4 | Sexual and reproductive health
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Health care systems | B4 10 Policy-
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Health care systems | B4 women and
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Health care systems | B4 of funding
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Health care systems | B4 debate on
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Health care systems | B4 the sexual
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Health care systems | B4 perspectiv
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Health care systems | B5 genome res
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Health care systems | B5 drugs base
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Health care systems | B5 Complete f
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Health care systems | B5 when a tes
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Health care systems | B5 are allowi
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Health care systems | B5 of life sc
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part c | Health of vulnerable group
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 me
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 pr
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Th
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Ca
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Bo
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Pa
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Health of vulnerable groups | C2 DP
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Health of vulnerable groups | C2 di
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part d | The wider health context T
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D1 | Climate change Introduction En
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increasing quantities are now causi
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development, local availability foo
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14 Droughts threaten the food secur
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Protocol can meet their targets by
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15 Transport and travel are major d
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• Redesign trade rules. Governmen
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D2 | Water Access to enough clean w
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water consumption worldwide. Each p
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table d2.1 Top corporate players in
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16 Protesting against the privatiza
Page 233 and 234: Box D2.3 Regulating private water c
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Page 237 and 238: Box D2.7 US citizens told to boil t
Page 239 and 240: to water. Worse still, it does this
Page 241 and 242: References Barlow M, Clarke T (2002
Page 243 and 244: D3 | Food Undernutrition is by far
Page 245 and 246: Functional and Productive Capacity
Page 247 and 248: table d3.1 Corporate control of US
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Page 251 and 252: average Indian family of four reduc
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Page 255 and 256: Avery N, Drake M, Lang T (1993). Cr
Page 257 and 258: D4 | Education Some 135 million chi
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Page 263 and 264: Box D4.3 Programmes that aim to emp
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Page 267 and 268: unable to recruit 9000 badly needed
Page 269 and 270: Gordon D et al. (2003). The distrib
Page 271 and 272: D5 | War War has an enormous and tr
Page 273 and 274: 19 Chechnya destroyed. War has wide
Page 275 and 276: initiated a ‘war on terrorism’.
Page 277 and 278: an explosive force equivalent to ab
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Page 281 and 282: Box D5.3 An agenda for peace The Ha
Page 283: Machel G (1996). Impact of Armed Co
Page 287 and 288: E1 | World Health Organization The
Page 289 and 290: The sources consulted worldwide in
Page 291 and 292: Box E1.1 Milestones in WHO history
Page 293 and 294: aised by his attempts to revitalize
Page 295 and 296: • stronger internal focus on perf
Page 297 and 298: 21 WHO - up in the clouds? Reaction
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Page 301 and 302: to speak openly, while bullying and
Page 303 and 304: velop a unified, purposeful health
Page 305 and 306: to medicines, and the mobilizing ro
Page 307 and 308: Recommendations WHO’s core purpos
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Page 311 and 312: E2 | UNICEF In 2005, Carol Bellamy,
Page 313 and 314: In sum, for almost a decade, childr
Page 315 and 316: prompted a global debate on how to
Page 317 and 318: E3 | The World Bank and the Interna
Page 319 and 320: 22 World Bank: the centre of world
Page 321 and 322: approach to conditionality is being
Page 323 and 324: tal policies should explicitly refe
Page 325 and 326: E4 | Big business This chapter deal
Page 327 and 328: 23 The Marlboro Man was described b
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USAID has also funded work on breas
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(from whatever its source, and howe
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These trends in taxation are underp
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Norway Denmark Netherlands Luxembou
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Global aid trends - allocation Wher
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weapons, vehicles and military trai
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table e5.1 Value (in £) of new DFI
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OECD (2005). Development Co-operati
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25 Breaking the chains of debt: pro
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Box E6.1 Zambia: inflation or death
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have met the Fund’s conditions, a
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E7 | Essential health research Rese
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Developing national health research
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for African Medical Editors (Certai
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Neither the consultations leading u
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Box E7.4 Asking the social-politica
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• global architecture for health
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part f | Conclusions Global Health
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current debt relief mechanism - the
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agreement, and taking health and he
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ity of the now-developed countries
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tion and water are experiencing sim
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