Global Health Watch 1 in one file
Global Health Watch 1 in one file Global Health Watch 1 in one file
The wider health context | D3 Box D3.3 Regulating the food industry The Codex Alimentarius Commission is an important body jointly established by FAO and WHO to develop food standards, guidelines and related texts such as codes of practice. These aim to protect consumers’ health, ensure fair practices in the food trade, and promote coordination of all food standards work undertaken by international and governmental bodies and NGOs. The Codex has assumed much greater power since the establishment of the WTO, which will use Codex standards in trade disputes. A 1993 review found it had 26 representatives from public interest groups compared with 662 industry representatives. Nestlé, one of the largest food companies in the world, sent over 30 representatives, more than most countries. Only 7% and 10% of representatives came from Africa and Latin America respectively, compared to over 60% from Europe and North America. Nearly 40% of the participants on the working group on standards for food additives and contaminants represented transnational corporations of industry federations, including 61 representatives from the world’s largest food and agrochemical companies (Avery et al. 1993). Despite agreement to address these imbalances, 71% of developed countries were represented at a key meeting in 2002 but only 18% of developing countries. There were 95 government delegates (43% of participants) and 90 industry delegates, and the majority of industry delegates were on government delegations. public health and environmental terms. A corporate model of monoculture and standardized processed foods expands the distance between producers and consumers, appropriates increasingly scarce land in the global south for export agriculture, accelerates adverse climatic effects, and concentrates inordinate power in the hands of a few transnational corporations to determine who gets to eat what. Reversing this process requires coordinated action on many fronts to restore food to the status of a human right as well as a cultural right, where ecological and cultural diversity is respected and sustained, and food is once again recognized as more than just another commodity. References ACC/SCN (2004). Fifth Report on the World Nutrition Situation: Nutrition for Improved Development Outcomes. Geneva, ACC/SCN. 236
Avery N, Drake M, Lang T (1993). Cracking the codex: a report on the Codex Alimentarius Commission. London, National Food Alliance. Barnett R, Cavanagh J (1994). Global dreams: Imperial corporations and new world order. New York, NY, Simon & Schuster. Bello W (2000). Does world trade need World Trade Organization? Businessworld, 11 January. Brown K, Dewey K, Allen L (1998). Complementary feeding of young children in developing countries: A review of the literature. Geneva, World Health Organization. Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R (2000). Indoor air pollution in developing countries: A major environmental and public health challenge. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 78:1078–92. Butz WP, Habicht JP, DaVanzo J (1984). Environmental factors in the relationship between breastfeeding and infant mortality: The role of sanitation and water in Malaysia. American Journal of Epidemiology, 119:516–25. Cannon G (2004). Why the Bush administration and the global sugar industry are determined to demolish the 2004 WHO global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Public Health Nutrition, 7:369–380. Carloni A, ed. (1987). Women in development: A.I.D.’s experience, 1973–1985, Vol. 1. Synthesis paper. Washington, DC, United States Agency for International Development. Chopra M, Darnton-Hill I (2004). Diet and Tobacco: Not so different after all? British Medical Journal, 328:1558–1560. Chopra M, Galbraith S, Darnton-Hill I (2002). A global response to a global problem: the epidemic of overnutrition. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 80:952–8. Esrey SA (1996). Water, waste, and well-being: A multicountry study. American Journal of Epidemiology, 143:608–23. Food and Agriculture Organization (2003). World Hunger Report. Rome, FAO. Gillespie S, McLachlan M, Shrimpton R (2003). Combating malnutrition. Time to act. Washington, DC, The World Bank Group. Huttly SR, Morris SS, Pisani V (1997). Prevention of diarrhoea in young children in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 75:163–74. Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (2004). US dumping on world agricultural markets. IATP, Minnesota (http://www.iatp.org, accessed 23rd August 2004). International Food and Policy Research Institute (2004). How much does it hurt? Impact of agricultural polices on developing countries. Washington DC, IFPRI (http: www.ifpri.org, accessed 14th August 2004). Jacobsen MF (2000). Liquid candy: How soft drinks are harming Americans’ health. Washington, DC, Center for Science in the Public Interest. James P (2001). Ending malnutrition by 2020: An agenda for change in the Millenium. Food and Nutrition Bulletin Supplement. August 2001. Lang T (1999). Food and Nutrition. In: Weil O, McKee M, Brodin M, Oberle D, eds. Priorities for public health actions in the European Union. Paris, Société français de santé publique. Lang T (2001). Trade, public health and food. In: McKee M, Garner P, Stott R, eds. International Co-operation in Health. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Lehman K, Krebs A (1996). Control of the world’s food supply. In: Mander J, Goldsmith E, eds. The case against the global economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club Books. 237 Food
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- Page 211 and 212: D1 | Climate change Introduction En
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- Page 223 and 224: • Redesign trade rules. Governmen
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- Page 229 and 230: table d2.1 Top corporate players in
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- Page 237 and 238: Box D2.7 US citizens told to boil t
- Page 239 and 240: to water. Worse still, it does this
- Page 241 and 242: References Barlow M, Clarke T (2002
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- Page 263 and 264: Box D4.3 Programmes that aim to emp
- Page 265 and 266: • per capita public spending fall
- Page 267 and 268: unable to recruit 9000 badly needed
- Page 269 and 270: Gordon D et al. (2003). The distrib
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- Page 275 and 276: initiated a ‘war on terrorism’.
- Page 277 and 278: an explosive force equivalent to ab
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- Page 281 and 282: Box D5.3 An agenda for peace The Ha
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Avery N, Drake M, Lang T (1993). Crack<strong>in</strong>g the codex: a report on the Codex Alimentarius<br />
Commission. London, National Food Alliance.<br />
Barnett R, Cavanagh J (1994). <strong>Global</strong> dreams: Imperial corporations and new world<br />
order. New York, NY, Simon & Schuster.<br />
Bello W (2000). Does world trade need World Trade Organization? Bus<strong>in</strong>essworld,<br />
11 January.<br />
Brown K, Dewey K, Allen L (1998). Complementary feed<strong>in</strong>g of young children <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g<br />
countries: A review of the literature. Geneva, World <strong>Health</strong> Organization.<br />
Bruce N, Perez-Padilla R, Albalak R (2000). Indoor air pollution <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g countries:<br />
A major environmental and public health challenge. Bullet<strong>in</strong> of the World<br />
<strong>Health</strong> Organization, 78:1078–92.<br />
Butz WP, Habicht JP, DaVanzo J (1984). Environmental factors <strong>in</strong> the relationship<br />
between breastfeed<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>in</strong>fant mortality: The role of sanitation and water <strong>in</strong><br />
Malaysia. American Journal of Epidemiology, 119:516–25.<br />
Cannon G (2004). Why the Bush adm<strong>in</strong>istration and the global sugar <strong>in</strong>dustry are determ<strong>in</strong>ed<br />
to demolish the 2004 WHO global strategy on diet, physical activity and<br />
health. Public <strong>Health</strong> Nutrition, 7:369–380.<br />
Carloni A, ed. (1987). Women <strong>in</strong> development: A.I.D.’s experience, 1973–1985, Vol. 1.<br />
Synthesis paper. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, United States Agency for International Development.<br />
Chopra M, Darnton-Hill I (2004). Diet and Tobacco: Not so different after all? British<br />
Medical Journal, 328:1558–1560.<br />
Chopra M, Galbraith S, Darnton-Hill I (2002). A global response to a global problem:<br />
the epidemic of overnutrition. Bullet<strong>in</strong> of the World <strong>Health</strong> Organization, 80:952–8.<br />
Esrey SA (1996). Water, waste, and well-be<strong>in</strong>g: A multicountry study. American Journal<br />
of Epidemiology, 143:608–23.<br />
Food and Agriculture Organization (2003). World Hunger Report. Rome, FAO.<br />
Gillespie S, McLachlan M, Shrimpton R (2003). Combat<strong>in</strong>g malnutrition. Time to act.<br />
Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, The World Bank Group.<br />
Huttly SR, Morris SS, Pisani V (1997). Prevention of diarrhoea <strong>in</strong> young children <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g<br />
countries. Bullet<strong>in</strong> of the World <strong>Health</strong> Organization, 75:163–74.<br />
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (2004). US dump<strong>in</strong>g on world agricultural<br />
markets. IATP, M<strong>in</strong>nesota (http://www.iatp.org, accessed 23rd August 2004).<br />
International Food and Policy Research Institute (2004). How much does it hurt? Impact<br />
of agricultural polices on develop<strong>in</strong>g countries. Wash<strong>in</strong>gton DC, IFPRI (http:<br />
www.ifpri.org, accessed 14th August 2004).<br />
Jacobsen MF (2000). Liquid candy: How soft dr<strong>in</strong>ks are harm<strong>in</strong>g Americans’ health.<br />
Wash<strong>in</strong>gton, DC, Center for Science <strong>in</strong> the Public Interest.<br />
James P (2001). End<strong>in</strong>g malnutrition by 2020: An agenda for change <strong>in</strong> the Millenium.<br />
Food and Nutrition Bullet<strong>in</strong> Supplement. August 2001.<br />
Lang T (1999). Food and Nutrition. In: Weil O, McKee M, Brod<strong>in</strong> M, Oberle D, eds.<br />
Priorities for public health actions <strong>in</strong> the European Union. Paris, Société français de<br />
santé publique.<br />
Lang T (2001). Trade, public health and food. In: McKee M, Garner P, Stott R, eds.<br />
International Co-operation <strong>in</strong> <strong>Health</strong>. Oxford, Oxford University Press.<br />
Lehman K, Krebs A (1996). Control of the world’s food supply. In: Mander J, Goldsmith<br />
E, eds. The case aga<strong>in</strong>st the global economy. San Francisco, CA, Sierra Club<br />
Books.<br />
237<br />
Food