Global Health Watch 1 in one file
Global Health Watch 1 in one file Global Health Watch 1 in one file
Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Pal D et al. (2002). Help-seeking patterns for children with epilepsy in rural India: implications for service delivery. Epilepsia, 43(8): 904–11. Palafox N et al. (2001). Cultural competence: a proposal for physicians reaching out to Native Hawaiian patients. Pacific Health Dialog, 8(2): 388–92. Powell D, Stewart D (2001). Children: the unwitting target of environmental injustices. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 48(5): 1291–305. Simmons D, Voyle J (2003). Reaching hard-to-reach, high-risk populations: piloting a health promotion and diabetes disease prevention programme on an urban marae in New Zealand. Health Promotion International, 18(1): 41–50. Single E et al. (1999). Canadian Profile: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs. Ottawa, Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. The Missionaries of Africa (2005). Protest assassination of Sister Dorothy Stang (http:// www.africamission-mafr.org/sisterdorothy.htm, accessed 15 March 2005). Trotti J (2001). Compensation versus colonization: a common heritage approach to the use of indigenous medicine in developing Western pharmaceuticals. Food Drug Law Journal, 56(3): 367–83. UNDP [online database] (2004). Human Development Report 2004. Geneva, UNDP (http://hdr.undp.org/statistics, accessed 25 February 2005). United Nations Economic and Social Council (2004). Report of the Secretary-General on the preliminary review by the Coordinator of the International Decade of the World’s Indigenous People on the activities of the United Nations system in relation to the Decade. New York, UN. United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCHR) (1994). Draft United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Geneva, UNHCHR. Van Oostdam J, et al. (1999). Human health implications of environmental contaminants in Arctic Canada: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 230(1–3): 1–82. 178
C2 | Disabled people Disability must first be defined as it is experienced by all disabled people, regardless of age and gender, including those with sensory, physical and intellectual impairment and mental health difficulties. Then, with this shared understanding, an assessment can be made of how well disabled people are being supported within mainstream agendas for health and well-being, the fight against global poverty and the human rights agenda. The chapter then shows how disabled people are taking control over their lives, changing their environments and demanding their right to full participation in society and to equality in freedom and dignity, despite massive violations of their rights and lack of visibility on mainstream development agendas. Context Twenty years ago WHO reported that despite some efforts in the areas of rehabilitation and prevention, disabled people were being denied inclusion in their communities and self-determination. Not enough steps were being taken to eliminate the barriers to their full participation in society (WHO 1985). A target was set to be achieved by 2000: ‘Disabled people should have the physical and economic opportunities that allow at least for a socially and economically fulfilling and mentally creative life’. This could be achieved if societies ‘developed positive attitudes towards disabled people and set up programmes aimed at providing appropriate physical, social and economic opportunities for them to develop their capacities to lead a healthy life’. Some progress has been made since 1985. A report from the UN Human Rights Commission, on the current use and future potential of UN human rights instruments in the context of disability, says a long overdue and imperfect reform process is under way throughout the world. However, it also notes that the process is slow and uneven, in some places almost non-existent (Quinn and Degener 2003). Disabled people not only form 20% of the world’s poorest people, but poverty also increases the chances of disability – through vitamin A and iodine deficiencies, poor nutrition, bad working conditions, poor sanitation, environmental pollution and lack of health care (Sen and Wolfensohn 2003). Disabled people require higher incomes than non-disabled people to maintain the same living standard because of the social barriers, yet most have lower incomes. 179
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<strong>Health</strong> of vulnerable groups | C1<br />
Pal D et al. (2002). Help-seek<strong>in</strong>g patterns for children with epilepsy <strong>in</strong> rural India: implications<br />
for service delivery. Epilepsia, 43(8): 904–11.<br />
Palafox N et al. (2001). Cultural competence: a proposal for physicians reach<strong>in</strong>g out to<br />
Native Hawaiian patients. Pacific <strong>Health</strong> Dialog, 8(2): 388–92.<br />
Powell D, Stewart D (2001). Children: the unwitt<strong>in</strong>g target of environmental <strong>in</strong>justices.<br />
Pediatric Cl<strong>in</strong>ics of North America, 48(5): 1291–305.<br />
Simmons D, Voyle J (2003). Reach<strong>in</strong>g hard-to-reach, high-risk populations: pilot<strong>in</strong>g a<br />
health promotion and diabetes disease prevention programme on an urban marae<br />
<strong>in</strong> New Zealand. <strong>Health</strong> Promotion International, 18(1): 41–50.<br />
S<strong>in</strong>gle E et al. (1999). Canadian Pro<strong>file</strong>: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs. Ottawa,<br />
Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse and the Centre for Addiction and Mental<br />
<strong>Health</strong>.<br />
The Missionaries of Africa (2005). Protest assass<strong>in</strong>ation of Sister Dorothy Stang (http://<br />
www.africamission-mafr.org/sisterdorothy.htm, accessed 15 March 2005).<br />
Trotti J (2001). Compensation versus colonization: a common heritage approach to<br />
the use of <strong>in</strong>digenous medic<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> develop<strong>in</strong>g Western pharmaceuticals. Food Drug<br />
Law Journal, 56(3): 367–83.<br />
UNDP [onl<strong>in</strong>e database] (2004). Human Development Report 2004. Geneva, UNDP<br />
(http://hdr.undp.org/statistics, accessed 25 February 2005).<br />
United Nations Economic and Social Council (2004). Report of the Secretary-General<br />
on the prelim<strong>in</strong>ary review by the Coord<strong>in</strong>ator of the International Decade of the<br />
World’s Indigenous People on the activities of the United Nations system <strong>in</strong> relation to<br />
the Decade. New York, UN.<br />
United Nations High Commissi<strong>one</strong>r for Human Rights (UNHCHR) (1994). Draft<br />
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Geneva, UNHCHR.<br />
Van Oostdam J, et al. (1999). Human health implications of environmental contam<strong>in</strong>ants<br />
<strong>in</strong> Arctic Canada: a review. Science of the Total Environment, 230(1–3): 1–82.<br />
178