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Health care systems | B5 of life sciences and biotechnology: consultation document. Brussels (COM (2001) 454 final). Commission on Intellectual Property Rights (CIPR) (2002). Integrating intellectual property rights and development policy. London, CIPR. Collins FS (1999). Shattuck Lecture – Medical and Societal Consequences of the Human Genome Project. New England Journal of Medicine, 341:28–37. Collins FS, McKusick VA (2001). Implications of the Human Genome Project for Medical Science. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285(5). Cook-Deegan R, Chan C, Johnson A (2000). World survey of funding for genomics research. Final report to the Global Forum for Health Research and WHO. Washington, DC, Stanford-in-Washington Program (http://www.stanford.edu/class/siw198q/ websites/genomics/finalrpt.pdf, accessed on 14 March 2004). Drahos P, Braithwaite J (2004). Who owns the knowledge economy? Political organising behind TRIPS (Briefing 32). Dorset, The Corner House (http://www.thecornerhouse. org.uk/item.shtml?x=85821, accessed 14 March 2005). European Forum of Medical Associations and World Health Organisation (EFMA- WHO) (2001). Statement on the Human genome and International Patent Law. Ljubljana, 9–11 March. Elliott L, Denny C (2003). EU’s secret plans hold poor countries to ransom. The Guardian, 25 February (http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,3604,902296,00. html, accessed on 14 March 2005). Fugelli P (2001). Trust – in General Practice. British Journal of General Practice 5 1:575–9. Getz L, Sigurdsson J, Hetlevik I (2003). Is opportunistic disease prevention in the consultation ethically justifiable? British Medical Journal, 327:498–500. Harrison A, New B (2002). Public interest, private decisions: health related research in the UK. London, Kings Fund. Hedgecoe A (2004). The politics of personalised medicine: pharmacogenetics in the clinic. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Herandez L (ed.) (2005). Implications of Genomics for Public Health: Workshop Summary. Washington DC, The National Academies Press. Holtzman NA (1999). Are genetic tests adequately regulated? [editorial]. Science 286(5439):409. Holtzman NA and Marteau T (2000). Will genetics revolutionize medicine? The New England Journal of Medicine, 343:141–144. Jawara F and Kwa A (2003). Behind the scenes at the WTO. The real world of international trade negotiations. London, Zed Books. Kimmelman J (2005). Recent developments in gene transfer: risk and ethics. British Medical Journal, 330:79–82. Langreth R (2004). Gene predicts cancer drug effectiveness. Forbes Magazine, 29 April. Love J (2003). A new trade framework for global healthcare R&D. In: Workshop on Access to Medicines and the Financing of Innovations in Health Care. New York, NY, The Earth Institute at Columbia University and the Consumer Project on Technology (http://www.earthinstitute.columbia.edu/cgsd/documents/love_000.pdf, accessed 23 February 2005). Matthijs G (2004). Patenting Genes. May slow down innovation and delay availability of cheaper genetic tests. British Medical Journal, 329:1358–60. 158
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About this book Today’s global he
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Global Health Watch 2005-2006 An al
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Contents Boxes, figures and tables
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C2.1 The facts about disability 180
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Illustrations 1 Medicine cannot dea
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Acknowledgements The following indi
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London School of Hygiene and Tropic
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Victoria, Canada; Centre for Health
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Foreword New reports on different a
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Introduction Origins The Global Hea
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Child malnutrition, death and disab
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Human rights and responsibilities A
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impacting on health. The Watch hope
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part a | Health and globalization T
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Health and globalization | A1 and h
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Health and globalization | A1 in 20
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Health and globalization | A1 is gl
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Health and globalization | A1 peopl
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Health and globalization | A1 numbe
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Health and globalization | A1 and p
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Health and globalization | A1 econo
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Health and globalization | A1 Box A
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Health and globalization | A1 half
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Health and globalization | A1 appro
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table a1 Key health concerns with W
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Health and globalization | A1 Healt
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Health and globalization | A1 merci
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Health and globalization | A1 thems
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Health and globalization | A1 Even
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Health and globalization | A1 • A
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Health and globalization | A1 non-v
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Health and globalization | A1 27-28
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Health and globalization | A1 Jenki
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Health and globalization | A1 Satte
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Health and globalization | A1 WHO (
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and regulatory authorities mandated
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Health care systems | B1 4) selecti
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Health care systems | B1 • And si
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Health care systems | B1 • declin
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Health care systems | B1 user charg
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Health care systems | B1 focus on t
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Health care systems | B1 for health
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Health care systems | B1 their cont
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Health care systems | B1 health car
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Health care systems | B1 ing servic
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Health care systems | B1 Box B1.7 G
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Health care systems | B1 many of th
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Health care systems | B1 the lack o
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Macro-economic factors Impoverished
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Health care systems | B1 HALE 2000
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Health care systems | B1 But improv
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Health care systems | B1 high-incom
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Health care systems | B1 Structural
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Health care systems | B1 the high t
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Health care systems | B1 and histor
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Health care systems | B1 norms (Loe
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Health care systems | B1 Foster M,
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Health care systems | B1 Toole M et
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B2 | Medicines Introduction Essenti
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Health care systems | B2 of new med
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Health care systems | B2 chapter re
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Health care systems | B2 the fourth
Page 126 and 127: Health care systems | B2 agenda thr
Page 128 and 129: Health care systems | B2 nonetheles
Page 130 and 131: Health care systems | B2 decision o
Page 132 and 133: Health care systems | B2 for the an
Page 134 and 135: Health care systems | B2 expenditur
Page 136 and 137: Health care systems | B2 Medawar C
Page 138 and 139: Health care systems | B3 between he
Page 140 and 141: Severe shortage Low density Moderat
Page 142 and 143: Health care systems | B3 sector and
Page 144 and 145: Health care systems | B3 to the US,
Page 146 and 147: Health care systems | B3 500 400 30
Page 148 and 149: Health care systems | B3 have been
Page 150 and 151: Health care systems | B3 to underta
Page 152 and 153: B4 | Sexual and reproductive health
Page 154 and 155: Health care systems | B4 10 Policy-
Page 156 and 157: Health care systems | B4 women and
Page 158 and 159: Health care systems | B4 of funding
Page 160 and 161: Health care systems | B4 debate on
Page 162 and 163: Health care systems | B4 the sexual
Page 164 and 165: Health care systems | B4 perspectiv
Page 166 and 167: Health care systems | B5 genome res
Page 168 and 169: Health care systems | B5 drugs base
Page 170 and 171: Health care systems | B5 Complete f
Page 172 and 173: Health care systems | B5 when a tes
Page 174 and 175: Health care systems | B5 are allowi
Page 179: part c | Health of vulnerable group
Page 182 and 183: Health of vulnerable groups | C1 me
Page 184 and 185: Health of vulnerable groups | C1 pr
Page 186 and 187: Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Th
Page 188 and 189: Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Ca
Page 190 and 191: Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Bo
Page 196 and 197: Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Pa
Page 200 and 201: Health of vulnerable groups | C2 DP
Page 206 and 207: Health of vulnerable groups | C2 di
Page 209 and 210: part d | The wider health context T
Page 211 and 212: D1 | Climate change Introduction En
Page 213 and 214: increasing quantities are now causi
Page 215 and 216: development, local availability foo
Page 217 and 218: 14 Droughts threaten the food secur
Page 219 and 220: Protocol can meet their targets by
Page 221 and 222: 15 Transport and travel are major d
Page 223 and 224: • Redesign trade rules. Governmen
Page 225 and 226: D2 | Water Access to enough clean w
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water consumption worldwide. Each p
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table d2.1 Top corporate players in
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16 Protesting against the privatiza
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Box D2.3 Regulating private water c
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The private sector overestimates th
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Box D2.7 US citizens told to boil t
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to water. Worse still, it does this
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References Barlow M, Clarke T (2002
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D3 | Food Undernutrition is by far
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Functional and Productive Capacity
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table d3.1 Corporate control of US
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keting and processing means that sm
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average Indian family of four reduc
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Bank’s US$ 93.5 million loan to C
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Avery N, Drake M, Lang T (1993). Cr
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D4 | Education Some 135 million chi
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ledge about health-care practices a
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2005, and on present trends about 4
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Box D4.3 Programmes that aim to emp
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• per capita public spending fall
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unable to recruit 9000 badly needed
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Gordon D et al. (2003). The distrib
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D5 | War War has an enormous and tr
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19 Chechnya destroyed. War has wide
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initiated a ‘war on terrorism’.
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an explosive force equivalent to ab
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the risk of their misuse and divers
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Box D5.3 An agenda for peace The Ha
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Machel G (1996). Impact of Armed Co
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part e | Holding to account: global
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E1 | World Health Organization The
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The sources consulted worldwide in
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Box E1.1 Milestones in WHO history
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aised by his attempts to revitalize
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• stronger internal focus on perf
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21 WHO - up in the clouds? Reaction
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in favour of so-called ‘vertical
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to speak openly, while bullying and
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velop a unified, purposeful health
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to medicines, and the mobilizing ro
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Recommendations WHO’s core purpos
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doctors, and more people with exper
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E2 | UNICEF In 2005, Carol Bellamy,
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In sum, for almost a decade, childr
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prompted a global debate on how to
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E3 | The World Bank and the Interna
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22 World Bank: the centre of world
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approach to conditionality is being
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tal policies should explicitly refe
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E4 | Big business This chapter deal
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23 The Marlboro Man was described b
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dedicated funding [Articles 5.6 and
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grass roots in building government
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24 A pack of Cerelac cereal food pu
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USAID has also funded work on breas
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(from whatever its source, and howe
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These trends in taxation are underp
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Norway Denmark Netherlands Luxembou
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Global aid trends - allocation Wher
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weapons, vehicles and military trai
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table e5.1 Value (in £) of new DFI
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OECD (2005). Development Co-operati
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25 Breaking the chains of debt: pro
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Box E6.1 Zambia: inflation or death
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have met the Fund’s conditions, a
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E7 | Essential health research Rese
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Developing national health research
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for African Medical Editors (Certai
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Neither the consultations leading u
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Box E7.4 Asking the social-politica
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• global architecture for health
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part f | Conclusions Global Health
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current debt relief mechanism - the
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agreement, and taking health and he
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ity of the now-developed countries
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tion and water are experiencing sim
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