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Health care systems | B1 Toole M et al. (2003). Harnessing the new global health resources to build sustainable health systems. Melbourne, Centre for International Health, Burnet Institute (http://www.burnet.internationalhealth.edu.au/freestyler/gui/files/Health %20syste ms%20paper%2C%20April%202004.pdf, accessed 24 March 2005). Transitional Islamic Government of Afghanistan (2002). Afghanistan National Health Resources Assessment. Prepared by Management Sciences for Health, HANDS and JICA (http://www.msh.org/afghanistan/3.0.htm, accessed 20 March 2005). UNFPA 2004. State of the world population 2004. Geneva, UNFPA (http://www.unfpa. org/swp/swpmain.htm, accessed 24 March 2005). Unger J, Killingsworth J (1986). Selective primary health care: a critical review of methods and results. Social Science and Medicine 22:1001. UNICEF (2001). Progress since the World Summit for Children: a statistical review. New York, UNICEF (http://www.unicef.org/pubsgen/swethechildren-stats/sgreport_ adapted_stats_eng.pdf, accessed 28 March 2003). Victora C, Wagstaff A, Schellenberg J et al. (2003). Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality: more of the same is not enough. Lancet 362:233–41. Waldman R, Hanif H (2002). The public health system in Afghanistan. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (available at: http://www.areu.org.af/publications/ waldman_health.pdf, accessed 17 December 2004). Walsh J and Warren K (1979). Selective primary health care: an interim strategy for disease control in developing countries. New England Journal of Medicine 301: 967–74. Wemos (2004). Good Intentions with Side Effects: Information on Global Public Private Initiatives in Health. 2004. Amsterdam, Wemos (http://www.wemos.nl/documents/ Goodintentionswithsideeffects.pdf, accessed 29 March 2005). Werner D, Sanders D (1997). Questioning the solution: The politics of primary health care and child survival. California, HealthWrights. Whitehead M, Dahlgren G, Evans T (2001). Equity and health sector reforms: can lowincome countries escape the medical poverty trap? Lancet 358:833–36 WHO/UNICEF (1978). Declaration of Alma Ata: International Conference on Primary Health Care, 6–12 September 1978. Geneva, WHO (http://www.who.int/hpr/NPH/ docs/declaration_almaata.pdf, accessed 15 March 2005). WHO (1988). The Challenge of Implementation: District Health Systems for Primary Health Care. Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO (1992). The hospital in rural and urban districts: a report of a WHO study group on the functions of hospitals at the first referral level. WHO Technical Report Series No. 819. Geneva, World Health Organization WHO (2004). World Health Report 2004 – Changing History. Geneva, WHO. WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA (2001). Maternal Mortality in 1995 – Estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA (http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/publications/RHR_ 01_9_maternal_mortality_estimates/index.en.html, accessed 24 March 2005). WHO, UNICEF and World Bank. (2002) State of the world’s vaccines and immunization. Geneva: WHO (http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/pub_sowvi_en.pdf, accessed 24 March 2005). Woolhandler S, Himmelstein D (2004). The high costs of for-profit care. Canadian Medical Association Journal 170:1814–5. World Bank (1993). World Development Report 1993: Investing in Health. Washington DC, World Bank. 98
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About this book Today’s global he
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Global Health Watch 2005-2006 An al
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Contents Boxes, figures and tables
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C2.1 The facts about disability 180
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Illustrations 1 Medicine cannot dea
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Acknowledgements The following indi
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London School of Hygiene and Tropic
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Victoria, Canada; Centre for Health
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Foreword New reports on different a
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Introduction Origins The Global Hea
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Child malnutrition, death and disab
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Human rights and responsibilities A
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impacting on health. The Watch hope
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part a | Health and globalization T
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Health and globalization | A1 and h
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Health and globalization | A1 in 20
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Health and globalization | A1 is gl
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Health and globalization | A1 peopl
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Health and globalization | A1 numbe
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Health and globalization | A1 and p
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Health and globalization | A1 econo
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Health and globalization | A1 Box A
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Health and globalization | A1 half
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Health and globalization | A1 appro
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table a1 Key health concerns with W
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Health and globalization | A1 Healt
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Health and globalization | A1 merci
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Health and globalization | A1 thems
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Health and globalization | A1 Even
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Health and globalization | A1 • A
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Health and globalization | A1 non-v
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Health and globalization | A1 27-28
Page 66 and 67: Health and globalization | A1 Jenki
Page 68 and 69: Health and globalization | A1 Satte
Page 70 and 71: Health and globalization | A1 WHO (
Page 72 and 73: and regulatory authorities mandated
Page 74 and 75: Health care systems | B1 4) selecti
Page 76 and 77: Health care systems | B1 • And si
Page 78 and 79: Health care systems | B1 • declin
Page 80 and 81: Health care systems | B1 user charg
Page 82 and 83: Health care systems | B1 focus on t
Page 84 and 85: Health care systems | B1 for health
Page 86 and 87: Health care systems | B1 their cont
Page 88 and 89: Health care systems | B1 health car
Page 90 and 91: Health care systems | B1 ing servic
Page 92 and 93: Health care systems | B1 Box B1.7 G
Page 94 and 95: Health care systems | B1 many of th
Page 96 and 97: Health care systems | B1 the lack o
Page 98 and 99: Macro-economic factors Impoverished
Page 100 and 101: Health care systems | B1 HALE 2000
Page 102 and 103: Health care systems | B1 But improv
Page 104 and 105: Health care systems | B1 high-incom
Page 106 and 107: Health care systems | B1 Structural
Page 108 and 109: Health care systems | B1 the high t
Page 110 and 111: Health care systems | B1 and histor
Page 112 and 113: Health care systems | B1 norms (Loe
Page 114 and 115: Health care systems | B1 Foster M,
Page 118 and 119: B2 | Medicines Introduction Essenti
Page 120 and 121: Health care systems | B2 of new med
Page 122 and 123: Health care systems | B2 chapter re
Page 124 and 125: Health care systems | B2 the fourth
Page 126 and 127: Health care systems | B2 agenda thr
Page 128 and 129: Health care systems | B2 nonetheles
Page 130 and 131: Health care systems | B2 decision o
Page 132 and 133: Health care systems | B2 for the an
Page 134 and 135: Health care systems | B2 expenditur
Page 136 and 137: Health care systems | B2 Medawar C
Page 138 and 139: Health care systems | B3 between he
Page 140 and 141: Severe shortage Low density Moderat
Page 142 and 143: Health care systems | B3 sector and
Page 144 and 145: Health care systems | B3 to the US,
Page 146 and 147: Health care systems | B3 500 400 30
Page 148 and 149: Health care systems | B3 have been
Page 150 and 151: Health care systems | B3 to underta
Page 152 and 153: B4 | Sexual and reproductive health
Page 154 and 155: Health care systems | B4 10 Policy-
Page 156 and 157: Health care systems | B4 women and
Page 158 and 159: Health care systems | B4 of funding
Page 160 and 161: Health care systems | B4 debate on
Page 162 and 163: Health care systems | B4 the sexual
Page 164 and 165: Health care systems | B4 perspectiv
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Health care systems | B5 genome res
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Health care systems | B5 drugs base
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Health care systems | B5 Complete f
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Health care systems | B5 when a tes
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Health care systems | B5 are allowi
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Health care systems | B5 of life sc
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part c | Health of vulnerable group
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 me
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 pr
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Th
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Ca
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Bo
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Health of vulnerable groups | C1 Pa
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Health of vulnerable groups | C2 DP
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Health of vulnerable groups | C2 di
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part d | The wider health context T
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D1 | Climate change Introduction En
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increasing quantities are now causi
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development, local availability foo
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14 Droughts threaten the food secur
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Protocol can meet their targets by
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15 Transport and travel are major d
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• Redesign trade rules. Governmen
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D2 | Water Access to enough clean w
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water consumption worldwide. Each p
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table d2.1 Top corporate players in
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16 Protesting against the privatiza
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Box D2.3 Regulating private water c
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The private sector overestimates th
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Box D2.7 US citizens told to boil t
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to water. Worse still, it does this
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References Barlow M, Clarke T (2002
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D3 | Food Undernutrition is by far
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Functional and Productive Capacity
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table d3.1 Corporate control of US
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keting and processing means that sm
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average Indian family of four reduc
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Bank’s US$ 93.5 million loan to C
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Avery N, Drake M, Lang T (1993). Cr
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D4 | Education Some 135 million chi
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ledge about health-care practices a
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2005, and on present trends about 4
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Box D4.3 Programmes that aim to emp
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• per capita public spending fall
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unable to recruit 9000 badly needed
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Gordon D et al. (2003). The distrib
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D5 | War War has an enormous and tr
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19 Chechnya destroyed. War has wide
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initiated a ‘war on terrorism’.
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an explosive force equivalent to ab
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the risk of their misuse and divers
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Box D5.3 An agenda for peace The Ha
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Machel G (1996). Impact of Armed Co
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part e | Holding to account: global
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E1 | World Health Organization The
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The sources consulted worldwide in
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Box E1.1 Milestones in WHO history
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aised by his attempts to revitalize
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• stronger internal focus on perf
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21 WHO - up in the clouds? Reaction
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in favour of so-called ‘vertical
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to speak openly, while bullying and
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velop a unified, purposeful health
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to medicines, and the mobilizing ro
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Recommendations WHO’s core purpos
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doctors, and more people with exper
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E2 | UNICEF In 2005, Carol Bellamy,
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In sum, for almost a decade, childr
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prompted a global debate on how to
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E3 | The World Bank and the Interna
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22 World Bank: the centre of world
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approach to conditionality is being
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tal policies should explicitly refe
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E4 | Big business This chapter deal
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23 The Marlboro Man was described b
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dedicated funding [Articles 5.6 and
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grass roots in building government
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24 A pack of Cerelac cereal food pu
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USAID has also funded work on breas
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(from whatever its source, and howe
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These trends in taxation are underp
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Norway Denmark Netherlands Luxembou
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Global aid trends - allocation Wher
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weapons, vehicles and military trai
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table e5.1 Value (in £) of new DFI
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OECD (2005). Development Co-operati
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25 Breaking the chains of debt: pro
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Box E6.1 Zambia: inflation or death
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have met the Fund’s conditions, a
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E7 | Essential health research Rese
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Developing national health research
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for African Medical Editors (Certai
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Neither the consultations leading u
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Box E7.4 Asking the social-politica
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• global architecture for health
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part f | Conclusions Global Health
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current debt relief mechanism - the
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agreement, and taking health and he
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ity of the now-developed countries
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tion and water are experiencing sim
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