Literature review: Impact of Chilean needle grass ... - Weeds Australia

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Burbidge, A.A. and McKenzie, N. L. (1989) Patterns in the modern decline of Western Australia’s vertebrate fauna: causes and conservation implications. Biological Conservation 50, 143-198. Burbidge, N.T. and Gray, M. (1970) Flora of the Australian Capital Territory. Australian National University Press, Canberra. Burkart, A. (1969) Gramineas. La familia botánica de los pastos. Flora Ilustrada de Entre Ríos (Argentina) Iia. Burke, M.J. and Grime, J.P. (1996) An experimental study of plant community invasibility. Ecology 77, 776-90. Byers, J.E., Reichard, S., Randall, J.M., Parker, I.M., Smith, C.S., Lonsdale, W.M., Atkinson, I.A.E., Seastedt, T.R., Williamson, M., Chornesky, E. and Hayes, D. (2002) Directing research to reduce the impacts of nonindigenous species. Conservation Biology 16, 630-640. Cabrera, A.L. (1949) Las comunidades vegetales de los alrededores de La Plata. Lilloa 20, 269-347. [Abstract by GMR, Herbage Abstracts 21(4), 206] Cale, P. and Hobbs, R. (1991) Condition of roadside vegetation in relation to nutrient status. In D.A. Saunders and R. J. Hobbs (Eds.), Nature Conservation 2: the Role of Corridors. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Sydney, pp. 353-362. Caley, P., Groves, R.H. and Barker, R. (2008) Estimating invasion success of introduced plants. Diversity and Distributions 14, 196-203. Calder, A.A. (1996) Click Beetles. Genera of the Australian Elateridae (Coleoptera). Monographs on Invertebrate Taxonomy Vol. 2, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood. Caldwell, M.M., Richards, J.H., Johnson, D.A., Nowak, R.S. and Dzuree, R.S.(1981) Coping with herbivory: photosynthetic capacity and resource allocation in two semiarid Agropyron bunchgrasses. Oecologia 50, 14-24. Callaway, R.M.and Maron, J.L. (2006) What have exotic plant invasions taught us over the past 20 years? Trends in Ecology and Evolution 21(7), 369- 374. Cameron, A.W. (1975) Changes in the wild life community of the Waterloo Valley between 1866 and 1975. In Proceedings of a Workshop on Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife: Conflict or Coexistence? held at the University of New England, 17-19 August 1975. University of New England, Armidale, pp. 19-25. Campbell, D.A. (1975) Influence of pest parrot populations on agriculture in an isolated area. In Proceedings of a Workshop on Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife: Conflict or Coexistence? held at the University of New England, 17-19 August 1975. University of New England, Armidale, pp. 133-135. Campbell, M.H. (1977) Serrated tussock. Part 1. Life history, identification. New South Wales Department of Agriculture Division of Plant Industry Bulletin P476. [Reference not seen] Campbell, M.H. (1997) Effect of low rates of flupropanate on selective removal of serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arech.) seedlings from a young improved pasture. Plant Protection Quarterly 12(4), 175-6. Campbell, M.H. (1998) Biological and ecological impact of serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Arech.) on pastures in Australia. Plant Protection Quarterly 13(2), 80-86. Carne, P.B. (1956) Cyclocephala signaticollis Burmeister, an introduced pasture scarab. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 81, 217-221. Carne, P.B. and Chinnick, L.J. (1957) The pruinose scarab (Sericesthis pruinosa Dalman) and its control in turf. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 8, 604-616. Caro, J.A. (1966) Las especies de Stipa (Gramineae) de la region central Argentina. Kurtziana 3, 7-119. Carolin, R.C. and Tindale, M.D. (1994) Flora of the Sydney Region. 4th Ed., Reed, Chatsworth, NSW. Carlini, A.A., Zurita, A.E., Gasparini, G. and Noriegas, Y.J.Y. (2004) Los mamíferos del Pleistoceno de la Mesopotamia Argentina y su relación con los del Centro Norte de la Argentina, Paraguay y Sur de Bolivia, y los del Sur de Brasil y oeste de Uruguay: Paleobiogeografía y Paleoambientes. In F.G. Aceñolaza (Ed.), Temas de la Biodiversidad del Litoral Fluvial Argentino, Instituto Superior De Correlación Geologica ( INSUGEO ) Miscelánea 12, 83-91. Carr, G.W. (1993) Exotic flora of Victoria and its impact on indigenous biota. In D.B. Foreman and N.G. Walsh (Eds.), Flora of Victoria Volume 1. Introduction, Inkata Press, Melbourne, Ch.11, pp. 256-297. Carr, G.W. (1999) Checklist of the vascular flora of the Victorian Volcanic Plain, June 1997. In R.N. Jones (Ed.), The Great Plains Crash. Proceedings of a Conference on the Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands of Victoria. Victoria Institute of Technology, October 2nd and 3rd, 1992, Indigenous Flora and Fauna Association and Victorian National Parks Association, pp. 91-119. Carr, G.W., Robin, J.M. and Robinson, R.W. (1986) Environmental weed invasion of natural ecosystems: Australia’s greatest conservation problem. In R.H. Groves and J.J. Burdon (Eds.), Ecology of Biological Invasions: An Australian Perspective. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, p. 150. Carr, G.W. and Yugovic, J.V. (1989) Weeds of Native Vegetation in Victoria. Unpublished report to Department of Conservation, Forests and Lands, Victoria, Melbourne. [reference not seen] Carr, G.W., Yugovic, J.V. and Robinson, K.E. (1992) Environmental Weed Invasion in Victoria. Conservation and Management Implications. Department of Conservation and Environment and Ecological Horticulture Pty Ltd, East Melbourne and Clifton Hill. Carr, S.G.M. and Turner, J.S. (1959) The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. I. The environmental factors and the grassland communities. Australian Journal of Botany 7, 12-33. Carter, O., Murphy, A.M. and Cheal, D. (2003) Natural temperate grassland. Australian Government Department of the Environment and Water Resources. http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/grasslands/ Carver, M. (1991) Superfamily Apidoidea. In CSIRO, The Insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers. 2nd Ed., Melbourne University Press, Carlton, pp. 453-457. Castillo-Ruiz, A. and Lundrigan, B. (2007) Lama pacos. Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, Accessed 20 June 2007. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Lama_pacos.html Chalmers, A.C. (2006) Trait differences between exotic and native species within a long-grazed temperate grassland on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. In C. Preston, J.H. Watts and N.D. Crossman (Eds.), 15th Australian Weeds Conference Papers and Proceedings. Weed Management Society of South Australia Inc., Adelaide, pp. 235-238. Chadwick, C.E. (1966) Investigations on Plutorectis caespitosae Oke (Lep., Psychidae) and Oncopera alpina Tindale (Lep., Hepialidae) in the Australian Alps. Journal of the Entomological Society of Australia (NSW) 3, 5-29. Champion, P.D. (1995) Assessment of Plant Pests Proposed for Inclusion in Auckland Regional Council’s Pest Management Strategies to be Prepared under the Biosecurity Act 1993. National Institute for Water and Atmosphere, Consultancy Report No. ARC315, prepared for Auckland Regional Council Environment, January. 182
Chan, C.W. (1980) Natural grasslands in Canberra: their distribution, phenology and effects of mowing. MSc thesis, Australian National University, Canberra. Chejara, V.K., Nadolny, C., Kristiansen, P., Whalley, R.B.D. and Sindel, B.M. (2006) Impacts of Hypparhenia hirta (L.) Stapf (Coolatai grass) on native vegetation in a travelling stock route in northern New South Wales. In C. Preston, J.H. Watts and N.D. Crossman (Eds.), 15th Australian Weeds Conference Papers and Proceedings. Weed Management Society of South Australia Inc., Adelaide, pp. 207-210. Chown, S.L. and Block, W. (1997) Comparative nutritional ecology of grass-feeding in a sub-Antarctic beetle: the impact of introduced species on Hydromedion sparsutum from South Georgia. Oecologia 111, 216-224. [Reference not seen - obtained] Christin, P.-A., Salamin,N., Kellogg, E.A., Vicentini, A. and Besnard, G. (2009) Integrating phylogeny into studies of C 4 variation in the grasses. Plant Physiology 149, 82-87. Churchill, D.M. and de Corona, A. (1972) The Distribution of Victorian Plants. Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium and Monash University Botany Department, Clayton. Churchill, T.B. (1997) Spiders as ecological indicators: an overview for Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 56(2), 331-337. Clark, J. (1941) Notes on the Argentine ant and other exotic ants introduced into Australia. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria 12, 59-70. Clark, L.G. and Fisher, J.B. (1986) Vegetative morphology of grasses: shoots and roots. In T.S. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell and M.E. Barkworth (Eds.), Grass Systematics and Evolution, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, USA, pp. 37-45. Clark, L.G., Judziewicz, E., Laegaard, S., Londono, X., Morrone, O., Zuloaga, F., Davidse, G., Peterson, P.M. and R. Soreng (1999-2008) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Missouri Botanical Garden, the Herbarium QCA at Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador and Herbario Nacional del Museo Ecuatoriano de Ciencias Naturales, Department of Systematic Botany at Aarhus University. http://www.mobot.org/mobot/Research/ecuador/welcome.shtml [Accessed 15 July 2008] Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. and Williamson, H. (2002 onwards). World Grass Species: Synonymy. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-syn.html. [Accessed 17 July 2007]. Cluff, D. (2001) Solving the dryland salinity problems of the Murray Darling Basin with historical research, observation and logic. Proceedings of the Australian Agronomy Conference 2001. Australian Society of Agronomy, http://www.regional.org.au/au/asa/2001/5/b/cluff.htm [Accessed 1 July 2009] Coates, F. (2003a) Shelford Leek-orchid Prasophyllum fosteri. Flora and Fauna Guarantee Action Statement No. 165, Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne, 3 pp. Coates, F. (2003b) Fragrant Leek-orchid Prasophyllum sp. aff. suaveolens (Western Basalt Plains). Flora and Fauna Guarantee Action Statement No. 165, Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne, 4 pp. Coates, F. (2003c) Basalt Sun-orchid Thelymitra gregaria. Flora and Fauna Guarantee Action Statement No. 138, Department of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne, 4 pp. Cofinas, M. and Creighton, C. (compilers) (2001) Australian Native Vegetation Assessment 2001. National Land and Water Resources Audit, Land and Water Australia, Braddon, ACT. http://audit.ea.gov.au/ANRA/vegetation/docs/Native_vegetation/nat_veg. Accessed 7February 2007. Colbran, R.C. (1971) Studies of plant and soil nematodes. 15. Eleven new species of Radopholus Thorne and a new species of Radopholoides de Guiran (Nematoda: Tylenchoidea) from Australia. Queensland Journal of Agricultural and Animal Sciences 27(1970), 437-460. Cogger, H.G. (1983) Reptiles and Amphibians of Australia. Revised Edition, A.H. and A.W. Reed Pty Ltd, Frenchs Forest NSW. Cole, M.H. (1975) Notes on bird damage in agriculture: the problem from a farmer’s point of view. In Proceedings of a Workshop on Agriculture, Forestry and Wildlife: Conflict or Coexistence? held at the University of New England, 17-19 August 1975. University of New England, Armidale, pp.136-139. Colless, D.H. and McAlpine, D.K. (1991) Diptera. In CSIRO, The Insects of Australia. A Textbook for Students and Research Workers. 2nd Ed., Melbourne University Press, Carlton, pp. 717-786. Common, I.F.B. (1990) Moths of Australia. Melbourne University Press, Carlton. Common, I.F.B. and Edwards, E.D. (1981) The life history and early stages of Synemon magnifica Strand (Lepidoptera: Castniidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 20, 295-302. Connor, D.J. (1966) Vegetation studies in north-west Victoria II. The Horsham area. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 79, 637-647. Connor, H.E. (1986) Reproductive biology in the grasses. In T.S. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell and M.E. Barkworth (Eds.), Grass Systematics and Evolution, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, USA, pp. 251-264. Connor, H.E., Edgar, E. and Bourdôt, G.W. (1993) Ecology and distribution of naturalised species of Stipa in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 36, 301-307. Conole, L. (1994) The Red-rumped Parrot Psephotus haematonotus as a dispersal agent of the environmental weed Serrated Tussock Nassella trichotoma. Indigenotes 7(1), 6. Cook, D. and Yugovic, J. (2003) Clyde-Tooradin grassland rediscovered. Victorian Naturalist 120, 140-146. Cook, G.D. and Dias, L. (2006) It was no accident: deliberate plant introductions by Australian government agencies during the 20th century. Australian Journal of Botany 54, 601-625. Cook, T. (1999) Chilean needle grass: is it much different to other perennial grass weeds? 10th New South Wales Biennial Noxious Weeds Conference - Ballina 1999, pp. 91-97. Cooke, D.A. (1998) Bulbil watsonia is a variety of Watsonia meriana (L.) Miller (Iridaceae). Journal of the Adelaide Botanical Gardens 18(1), 5- 7. Corbin, J.D., D’Antonio, C.M. and Bainbridge, S.J. (2004) Tipping the balance in the restoration of native plants. Experimental approaches to changing the exotic:native ratio in California grassland. In M.S. Gordon and S.M. Bartol (Eds.), Experimental Approaches to Conservation Biology, University of California Press, Berkley, USA, pp. 154-179. Cosse, M., Gonzáles, S. and Ginenez-Dixon, M. (2009) Feeding ecology of Ozotoceros bezoarticus: conservation implications in Uruguay. Iberingia. Série Zoologia 99, 158-164. Coulson, G. (1990) Conservation biology of the Striped Legless Lizard (Delma impar) an initial investigation. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Technical Report Series No. 106, 40 pp. Coupar, P. and Coupar, M. (1992) Flying Colours. Common Caterpillars, Butterflies and Moths of South-eastern Australia. New South Wales University Press, Kensington. 183
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Literature review: Impact of Chilea
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Fire 49 Other disturbances 50 Shade
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Conventions and standards Botanical
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neesiana appears to be a habitat ge
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population densities of existing sp
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elated plants have similar defences
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For invasion to occur there must be
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As yet there appears to be no evide
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experimental manipulation of specie
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species tend to be those which tran
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Taxonomy and nomenclature Stipeae N
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Vernacular names ‘Needlegrass’
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to Bouchenak-Khelladi et al. 2009).
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1 m (Walsh 1994), ca. 90 cm (Verloo
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Figure 2. Anatomy of the seed of N.
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are the seeds larger/smaller, longe
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also based on a misunderstanding of
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Table 2. Modified Feekes Scale for
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Argentina, in the provinces of Chac
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Figure 3. Recorded distribution of
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1994). Only 3 of 186 exotic grasses
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According to Morfe et al. (2003) th
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populations have been found in the
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(Honaine et al. 2006). The flechill
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In Australia the altitudinal range
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Proximity to urban development appe
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In the southern Brazilian campos of
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arundinacea (Gardener et al. 2005).
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al. 2008). Cues for masting may be
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Approximately 200 alien grass speci
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Dispersal of seed in contaminated s
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In New Zealand, Hurrell et al. (199
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No emergence was observed in undist
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and high impact (“ability to caus
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also noted that despite a wide rang
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a small reduction in seedhead produ
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Slashing and mowing Slashing can re
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Themeda re-establishment McDougall
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species (Lawton and Schroder 1977 p
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y increased importance of ant grani
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BIODIVERSITY “Biodiversity ... on
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According to Woods (1997 p. 61) “
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2004, Richardson and van Wilgen 200
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negative depending on the particula
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Competition with native plants Comp
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asexual seed production, so local f
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GRASSLANDS Grasses: “... the most
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susceptible to N. neesiana invasion
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Floristic composition, vegetation s
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proportion of the flora then presen
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tussock space (Stuwe and Parsons 19
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Like vascular plant diversity, comm
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Opinions differ on the nature and i
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Species Common Name Family Aust ACT
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in shifting the distribution, exten
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of these systems is largely explain
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pasture. The least understood trans
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tend to benefit more from relaxed c
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Bovids crop their food between the
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are therefore less likely to distur
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esult in a “short-term flush” o
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Fire effects on weeds Moore (1993 p
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Table 8. Typical nutrient levels in
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grasses produced sigificantly more
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Fossorial vertebrates are or were o
Page 131 and 132: (Rosengren 1999). Approximately one
Page 133 and 134: Table 12. Areal extent and conserva
Page 135 and 136: Foreman (1997) investigated the eff
Page 137 and 138: Willis (1964) considered that the f
Page 139 and 140: Austrostipa-Enneapogon) from around
Page 141 and 142: Woodlands and New England Grassy Wo
Page 143 and 144: Thylogale billardierii), Peramelida
Page 145 and 146: Its original habitat on the mainlan
Page 147 and 148: Table 17. Endangered reptile specie
Page 149 and 150: equirement, but unlike plants and v
Page 151 and 152: e assigned the same biodiversity sc
Page 153 and 154: Nematodes are mostly minute animals
Page 155 and 156: found in all mainland states, O. co
Page 157 and 158: Keyacris scurra, Melbourne (1993) o
Page 159 and 160: was once widespread in south- easte
Page 161 and 162: eing sluggish and wingless, and exi
Page 163 and 164: estoration and, if Australia follow
Page 165 and 166: close to the plant are able to bury
Page 167 and 168: Species *Chirothrips mexicanus Craw
Page 169 and 170: Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
Page 171 and 172: Table A2.1 (continued) Species *Het
Page 177 and 178: Nematodes of grasses and grasslands
Page 179 and 180: REFERENCES Aceñolaza, F.G. (2004)
Page 181: Benson, D. and McDougall, L. (2005)
Page 185 and 186: DNRE (Department of Natural Resourc
Page 187 and 188: Fuhrer, B. (1993) A Field Companion
Page 189 and 190: Groves, R.H. and Whalley, R.D.B. (2
Page 191 and 192: Iaconis, L. (2004) Chilean needle g
Page 193 and 194: Levine, J.M., Adler, P.B. and Yelen
Page 195 and 196: McDougall, K.L. (1987) Sites of Bot
Page 197 and 198: Morfe, T.A., McLaren, D.A. and Weis
Page 199 and 200: Perelman, S.B., León, R.J.C. and O
Page 201 and 202: Saunders, D.A. (1999) Biodiversity
Page 203 and 204: Thellung, A. (1912) La flore advent
Page 205 and 206: Weiss, J. and McLaren, D. (2002) Vi
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