Literature review: Impact of Chilean needle grass ... - Weeds Australia
Literature review: Impact of Chilean needle grass ... - Weeds Australia
Literature review: Impact of Chilean needle grass ... - Weeds Australia
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<strong>Literature</strong> Review Appendix<br />
Appendix L1. Grass-feeding invertebrates <strong>of</strong> south-eastern <strong>Australia</strong>n temperate <strong>grass</strong>lands<br />
This is a partial compendium <strong>of</strong> published records <strong>of</strong> invertebrates occurring or thought likely to occur in south-eastern <strong>Australia</strong>n lowland <strong>grass</strong>lands that are known to feed on <strong>grass</strong>es or particular<br />
<strong>grass</strong> species found in these <strong>grass</strong>lands, plus a limited number <strong>of</strong> extra-<strong>Australia</strong>n records <strong>of</strong> invertebrates known to feed on such <strong>grass</strong>es. Such taxa , except for Nematoda are listed in Table A2.1.<br />
Nematodes <strong>of</strong> <strong>grass</strong>es are recorded in Table A2.2 and are discussed in more detail below. When an invertebrate taxon (other than nematodes) with recorded <strong>grass</strong> host is known not to be present in<br />
south-eastern <strong>Australia</strong> the invertebrate is not included. Taxa where the recorded hosts are not known from temperate south-eastern <strong>Australia</strong> are also excluded (e.g. sugarcane). In many instances these<br />
distributions could not be determined, so many taxa are probably listed that may not occur in temperate <strong>grass</strong>lands. The vast literature has been incompletely surveyed and there are certainly major<br />
gaps. The tabulation provides the name <strong>of</strong> the invertebrate taxon, the life stage which feeds on <strong>grass</strong>, the known host plants, the host tissue eaten, the reference source, and miscellaneous notes for<br />
various entries. An entry is included if both the plant and the invertebrate are recorded from south-eastern <strong>Australia</strong>, unless otherwise stated (in the ‘Notes’ column). Records for Nassella spp. are<br />
highlighted in bold. * = introduced sp.<br />
Table A2.1. <strong>Literature</strong> records <strong>of</strong> invertebrates and their <strong>grass</strong> hosts recorded in south-eastern <strong>Australia</strong>, excluding Nematoda.<br />
Species<br />
Life Family Order Host Host tissue References Notes<br />
stage<br />
Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) all Penthaleidae Acarina <strong>grass</strong>es Gregg 1997 seedlings most vulnerable<br />
Penthaleus major (Dugès) all Penthaleidae Acarina <strong>grass</strong>es Gregg 1997 readily damages <strong>grass</strong>es, seedling most vulnerable<br />
Nala lividipes (Dufour)<br />
nymphs,<br />
adults<br />
Labiduridae Dermaptera *maize, *sorghum, *winter cereals seed, roots,<br />
stubble<br />
Allsopp & Hitchcock<br />
1987<br />
“usually feeds on decaying stubble but also eats<br />
newly-sown and germinating seed and the roots <strong>of</strong><br />
crops” (Allsopp & Hitchcock 1987 p. 86)<br />
<strong>grass</strong>hoppers all Orthoptera alpine <strong>grass</strong>es foliage Carr & Turner 1959 “extremely abundant in some years and in severaly<br />
infested areas they shorten the sward<br />
considerably“(Carr & Turner 1959 p. 19)<br />
all Acrididae Orthoptera <strong>grass</strong>es foliage Rentz et al. 2003 most species “can be raised on <strong>grass</strong>”: see Rentz et<br />
al. (2003) for details <strong>of</strong> individual acridid spp.<br />
Teleogryllus commodus (Walker)<br />
Gryllotalpa spp.<br />
*Chirothrips ah Girault<br />
*Chirothrips atricorpus Girault<br />
*Chirothrips frontalis Williams<br />
*Chirothrips manicatus Haliday<br />
Table A2.1 (continued)<br />
nymphs,<br />
adults<br />
nymphs,<br />
adults<br />
larva,<br />
adult<br />
larva,<br />
adult<br />
larva,<br />
adult<br />
larva,<br />
adult<br />
Gryllidae Orthoptera <strong>grass</strong>es and forbs, mainly damages<br />
<strong>grass</strong> foliage<br />
seeds,<br />
leaves,<br />
crowns<br />
Browning 1954,<br />
Heath 1968, Allsopp<br />
& Hitchcock 1987,<br />
Panetta et al. 1993,<br />
Gregg 1997<br />
“pasture seed loss – the most serious effect”<br />
(Allsopp & Hitchcock 1987 p. 81). Feeds on the<br />
crowns <strong>of</strong> <strong>grass</strong>es (Heath 1968, New Zealand).<br />
“The main source <strong>of</strong> food ... is green <strong>grass</strong>”<br />
(Browning 1954). Seedling predator.<br />
*Nassella neesiana seeds Slay 2001 hollows out fallen seed in New Zealand (Slay<br />
Gryllotalpidae Orthoptera *cereals, *sugarcane, lawns roots Allsopp & Hitchcock<br />
1987<br />
Thripidae Thysanoptera <strong>grass</strong>es, Austrostipa aristiglumis flowers Mound & Palmer<br />
1972<br />
Thripidae Thysanoptera *Sorghum, *Melinis repens flowers Mound & Palmer<br />
1972<br />
Thripidae Thysanoptera <strong>grass</strong>es flowers Mound & Palmer<br />
1972<br />
Thripidae Thysanoptera <strong>grass</strong> flowers Mound & Palmer<br />
1972<br />
2001)<br />
breed only in the flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>grass</strong>es<br />
breed only in the flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>grass</strong>es<br />
breed only in the flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>grass</strong>es<br />
breed only in the flowers <strong>of</strong> <strong>grass</strong>es<br />
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