- Page 1 and 2:
Literature review: Impact of Chilea
- Page 3 and 4:
Fire 49 Other disturbances 50 Shade
- Page 5 and 6:
Conventions and standards Botanical
- Page 7 and 8:
neesiana appears to be a habitat ge
- Page 9 and 10:
population densities of existing sp
- Page 11 and 12:
elated plants have similar defences
- Page 13 and 14:
For invasion to occur there must be
- Page 15 and 16:
As yet there appears to be no evide
- Page 17 and 18:
experimental manipulation of specie
- Page 19 and 20:
species tend to be those which tran
- Page 21 and 22:
Taxonomy and nomenclature Stipeae N
- Page 23 and 24:
Vernacular names ‘Needlegrass’
- Page 25 and 26:
to Bouchenak-Khelladi et al. 2009).
- Page 27 and 28:
1 m (Walsh 1994), ca. 90 cm (Verloo
- Page 29 and 30:
Figure 2. Anatomy of the seed of N.
- Page 31 and 32:
are the seeds larger/smaller, longe
- Page 33 and 34:
also based on a misunderstanding of
- Page 35 and 36:
Table 2. Modified Feekes Scale for
- Page 37 and 38:
Argentina, in the provinces of Chac
- Page 39 and 40:
Figure 3. Recorded distribution of
- Page 41 and 42:
1994). Only 3 of 186 exotic grasses
- Page 43 and 44:
According to Morfe et al. (2003) th
- Page 45 and 46:
populations have been found in the
- Page 47 and 48:
(Honaine et al. 2006). The flechill
- Page 49 and 50:
In Australia the altitudinal range
- Page 51 and 52:
Proximity to urban development appe
- Page 53 and 54:
In the southern Brazilian campos of
- Page 55 and 56:
arundinacea (Gardener et al. 2005).
- Page 57 and 58:
al. 2008). Cues for masting may be
- Page 59 and 60:
Approximately 200 alien grass speci
- Page 61 and 62:
Dispersal of seed in contaminated s
- Page 63 and 64:
In New Zealand, Hurrell et al. (199
- Page 65 and 66:
No emergence was observed in undist
- Page 67 and 68:
and high impact (“ability to caus
- Page 69 and 70:
also noted that despite a wide rang
- Page 71 and 72:
a small reduction in seedhead produ
- Page 73 and 74:
Slashing and mowing Slashing can re
- Page 75 and 76:
Themeda re-establishment McDougall
- Page 77 and 78:
species (Lawton and Schroder 1977 p
- Page 79 and 80:
y increased importance of ant grani
- Page 81 and 82: BIODIVERSITY “Biodiversity ... on
- Page 83 and 84: According to Woods (1997 p. 61) “
- Page 85 and 86: 2004, Richardson and van Wilgen 200
- Page 87 and 88: negative depending on the particula
- Page 89 and 90: Competition with native plants Comp
- Page 91 and 92: asexual seed production, so local f
- Page 93 and 94: GRASSLANDS Grasses: “... the most
- Page 95 and 96: susceptible to N. neesiana invasion
- Page 97 and 98: Floristic composition, vegetation s
- Page 99 and 100: proportion of the flora then presen
- Page 101 and 102: tussock space (Stuwe and Parsons 19
- Page 103 and 104: Like vascular plant diversity, comm
- Page 105 and 106: Opinions differ on the nature and i
- Page 107 and 108: Species Common Name Family Aust ACT
- Page 109 and 110: in shifting the distribution, exten
- Page 111 and 112: of these systems is largely explain
- Page 113 and 114: pasture. The least understood trans
- Page 115 and 116: tend to benefit more from relaxed c
- Page 117 and 118: Bovids crop their food between the
- Page 119 and 120: are therefore less likely to distur
- Page 121 and 122: esult in a “short-term flush” o
- Page 123 and 124: Fire effects on weeds Moore (1993 p
- Page 125 and 126: Table 8. Typical nutrient levels in
- Page 127 and 128: grasses produced sigificantly more
- Page 129 and 130: Fossorial vertebrates are or were o
- Page 131: (Rosengren 1999). Approximately one
- Page 135 and 136: Foreman (1997) investigated the eff
- Page 137 and 138: Willis (1964) considered that the f
- Page 139 and 140: Austrostipa-Enneapogon) from around
- Page 141 and 142: Woodlands and New England Grassy Wo
- Page 143 and 144: Thylogale billardierii), Peramelida
- Page 145 and 146: Its original habitat on the mainlan
- Page 147 and 148: Table 17. Endangered reptile specie
- Page 149 and 150: equirement, but unlike plants and v
- Page 151 and 152: e assigned the same biodiversity sc
- Page 153 and 154: Nematodes are mostly minute animals
- Page 155 and 156: found in all mainland states, O. co
- Page 157 and 158: Keyacris scurra, Melbourne (1993) o
- Page 159 and 160: was once widespread in south- easte
- Page 161 and 162: eing sluggish and wingless, and exi
- Page 163 and 164: estoration and, if Australia follow
- Page 165 and 166: close to the plant are able to bury
- Page 167 and 168: Species *Chirothrips mexicanus Craw
- Page 169 and 170: Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
- Page 171 and 172: Table A2.1 (continued) Species *Het
- Page 173 and 174: Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
- Page 175 and 176: Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
- Page 177 and 178: Nematodes of grasses and grasslands
- Page 179 and 180: REFERENCES Aceñolaza, F.G. (2004)
- Page 181 and 182: Benson, D. and McDougall, L. (2005)
- Page 183 and 184:
Chan, C.W. (1980) Natural grassland
- Page 185 and 186:
DNRE (Department of Natural Resourc
- Page 187 and 188:
Fuhrer, B. (1993) A Field Companion
- Page 189 and 190:
Groves, R.H. and Whalley, R.D.B. (2
- Page 191 and 192:
Iaconis, L. (2004) Chilean needle g
- Page 193 and 194:
Levine, J.M., Adler, P.B. and Yelen
- Page 195 and 196:
McDougall, K.L. (1987) Sites of Bot
- Page 197 and 198:
Morfe, T.A., McLaren, D.A. and Weis
- Page 199 and 200:
Perelman, S.B., León, R.J.C. and O
- Page 201 and 202:
Saunders, D.A. (1999) Biodiversity
- Page 203 and 204:
Thellung, A. (1912) La flore advent
- Page 205 and 206:
Weiss, J. and McLaren, D. (2002) Vi