Table 7. Some extinct, endangered, vulnerable and rare vascular plant taxa <strong>of</strong> south-eastern <strong>Australia</strong>n native temperate <strong>grass</strong>lands. See Scarlett and Parsons (1993) and Ross and Walsh (2003) for definitions <strong>of</strong> the categories. R = rare, U = unlisted, K = poorly known, X = extinct, E = endangered, V = vulnerable, - = not present, ? = status not determined Species Common Name Family Aust ACT NSW Vic Tas References Ammobium craspediodes Yass Daisy Asteraceae U V - - Eddy et al. 1998 Amphibromus pithogastrus Plump Swamp Poaceae K ? ? E - Ross and Walsh 2003, Ashton and Morcom 2004, DSE 2009a Wallaby-<strong>grass</strong> Calotis glandulosa Mauve Burr-daisy Asteraceae U V - - Eddy et al. 1998 Carex tasmanica Curly Sedge Cyperaceae V - - V V Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Morcom 1999, Ross and Walsh 2003 Colobanthus curtisiae Colobanth Caryophyllaceae - - - - E Kirkpatrick et al. 1995 Comesperma polygaloides Small Milkwort Polygalaceae - - - V Ross and Walsh 2003, McIntyre et al. 2004 Cullen parvum Small Psoralea Fabaceae E - X E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Muir 2003, DSE 2009a Discaria pubescens Anchor Plant Rhamnaceae R R - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a Diuris fragrantissima Sunshine Diuris Orchidaceae E - - E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Webster et al. 2004, Smith et al. 2009, DSE 2009a Dodonaea procumbens Creeping Hopbush Sapindaceae V U V V Eddy et al. 1998, Ross and Walsh 2003 Glycine latrobeana Clover Glycine Fabaceae V V V Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a Lachnagrostis adamsonii blown <strong>grass</strong> Poaceae V - - V V Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a Leucochrysum albicans subsp. Paper Daisy Asteraceae E ? ? E V? Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003 albicans var. tricolor Maireana cheelii Chariot Wheels Chenopodiaceae V V - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a Microseris lanceolata Yam Daisy Asteraceae - - - - - Sharp and Shorthouse 1996: regionally uncommon in the ACT, Pimelea spinescens subsp. Spiny Rice-flower Thymelaeaceae V - - V/E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Tumino 2004, DSE 2009a spinescens Podolepis sp. 1 Basalt Podolepis Asteraceae - - - E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Robinson 2005 Prasophyllum diversiflorum Gorae Leek-orchid Orchidaceae E - - E Ross and Walsh 2003, Pritchard and Ingeme 2003, DSE 2009a Prasophyllum fosteri Shelford Leekorchid Orchidaceae E - - E Ross and Walsh 2003, Coates 2003a, DSE 2009a Prasophyllum petilum leek orchid Orchidaceae E E - Eddy et al. 1998 Prasophyllum suaveolens Fragrant Leekorchid Orchidaceae E - - E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Coates 2003b, DSE 2009a P.sp. aff. suaveolens (Western Basalt Plains) Psoralea tenax Emu Foot Fabaceae - - - - - Sharp and Shorthouse 1996: regionally uncommon in the ACT, Pterostylis basaltica Basalt Greenhood Orchidaceae E - - E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Ingeme 2003, DSE 2009a Pterostylis truncata Brittle Greenhood Orchidaceae - E Ross and Walsh 2003, Bramwells 2003, DSE 2009a Rutidosis leiolepis Monaro Golden Asteraceae U V - Eddy et al. 1998 Daisy Rutidosis leptorhynchoides Button Wrinklewort Asteraceae E E E E - Morgan 1995a 1995b, Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Sharp and Shorthouse 1996, Eddy et al. 1998, Scarlett and Parsons 1993, Ross and Walsh 2003, Humphries and Webster 2003, DSE 2009a Schoenus absconditus Obscure Bog-rush Cyperaceae - - - - R Kirkpatrick et al. 1995 Sclerolaena napiformis Turnip Bassia Chenopodiaceae E E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003 Senecio behrianus - Asteraceae E ? X? E - Walsh 1999, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a Senecio macrocarpus Large-headed Groundsel Senecio georgianus Asteraceae X - X - X Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003 Spyridium obcordatum Dusty Miller Rhamnaceae - - - - V Kirkpatrick et al. 1995 Swainsona adenophylla Violet Swainson-pea Fabaceae - E Ross and Walsh 2003, Earl et al. 2003, DSE 2009a Table 7 (continued). Asteraceae V - - E - Scarlett and Parsons 1993, Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Hills and Boekel 1996 2003, Walsh 1999, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a 106
Species Common Name Family Aust ACT NSW Vic Tas References Swainsona monticola Fabaceae - - - - - Sharp and Shorthouse 1996: regionally uncommon in the ACT, Swainsona murrayana Slender Darling-pea Fabaceae V E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Earl et al. 2003, DSE 2009a Swainsona plagiotropis Red Swainson-pea Fabaceae V V V E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Ross and Walsh 2003, Earl et al. 2003, DSE 2009a Swainsona recta Small Purple Pea Fabaceae E E E E - Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Sharp and Shorthouse 1996, Eddy et al. 1998, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a Swainsona sericea Silky Swainson-Pea Fabaceae - - V Sharp and Shorthouse 1996: regionally uncommon in the ACT, Ross and Walsh 2003, Earl et al. 2003, DSE 2009a Thelymitra gregaria Basalt Sun-orchid Orchidaceae E - - E - Ross and Walsh 2003, Coates 2003c, DSE 2009a Thesium australe Austral Toadflax Santalaceae V U V V V Kirkpatrick et al. 1995, Eddy et al. 1998, Scarlett and Parsons 1993, Scarlett et al. 2003, Ross and Walsh 2003, DSE 2009a 107
- Page 1 and 2:
Literature review: Impact of Chilea
- Page 3 and 4:
Fire 49 Other disturbances 50 Shade
- Page 5 and 6:
Conventions and standards Botanical
- Page 7 and 8:
neesiana appears to be a habitat ge
- Page 9 and 10:
population densities of existing sp
- Page 11 and 12:
elated plants have similar defences
- Page 13 and 14:
For invasion to occur there must be
- Page 15 and 16:
As yet there appears to be no evide
- Page 17 and 18:
experimental manipulation of specie
- Page 19 and 20:
species tend to be those which tran
- Page 21 and 22:
Taxonomy and nomenclature Stipeae N
- Page 23 and 24:
Vernacular names ‘Needlegrass’
- Page 25 and 26:
to Bouchenak-Khelladi et al. 2009).
- Page 27 and 28:
1 m (Walsh 1994), ca. 90 cm (Verloo
- Page 29 and 30:
Figure 2. Anatomy of the seed of N.
- Page 31 and 32:
are the seeds larger/smaller, longe
- Page 33 and 34:
also based on a misunderstanding of
- Page 35 and 36:
Table 2. Modified Feekes Scale for
- Page 37 and 38:
Argentina, in the provinces of Chac
- Page 39 and 40:
Figure 3. Recorded distribution of
- Page 41 and 42:
1994). Only 3 of 186 exotic grasses
- Page 43 and 44:
According to Morfe et al. (2003) th
- Page 45 and 46:
populations have been found in the
- Page 47 and 48:
(Honaine et al. 2006). The flechill
- Page 49 and 50:
In Australia the altitudinal range
- Page 51 and 52:
Proximity to urban development appe
- Page 53 and 54:
In the southern Brazilian campos of
- Page 55 and 56: arundinacea (Gardener et al. 2005).
- Page 57 and 58: al. 2008). Cues for masting may be
- Page 59 and 60: Approximately 200 alien grass speci
- Page 61 and 62: Dispersal of seed in contaminated s
- Page 63 and 64: In New Zealand, Hurrell et al. (199
- Page 65 and 66: No emergence was observed in undist
- Page 67 and 68: and high impact (“ability to caus
- Page 69 and 70: also noted that despite a wide rang
- Page 71 and 72: a small reduction in seedhead produ
- Page 73 and 74: Slashing and mowing Slashing can re
- Page 75 and 76: Themeda re-establishment McDougall
- Page 77 and 78: species (Lawton and Schroder 1977 p
- Page 79 and 80: y increased importance of ant grani
- Page 81 and 82: BIODIVERSITY “Biodiversity ... on
- Page 83 and 84: According to Woods (1997 p. 61) “
- Page 85 and 86: 2004, Richardson and van Wilgen 200
- Page 87 and 88: negative depending on the particula
- Page 89 and 90: Competition with native plants Comp
- Page 91 and 92: asexual seed production, so local f
- Page 93 and 94: GRASSLANDS Grasses: “... the most
- Page 95 and 96: susceptible to N. neesiana invasion
- Page 97 and 98: Floristic composition, vegetation s
- Page 99 and 100: proportion of the flora then presen
- Page 101 and 102: tussock space (Stuwe and Parsons 19
- Page 103 and 104: Like vascular plant diversity, comm
- Page 105: Opinions differ on the nature and i
- Page 109 and 110: in shifting the distribution, exten
- Page 111 and 112: of these systems is largely explain
- Page 113 and 114: pasture. The least understood trans
- Page 115 and 116: tend to benefit more from relaxed c
- Page 117 and 118: Bovids crop their food between the
- Page 119 and 120: are therefore less likely to distur
- Page 121 and 122: esult in a “short-term flush” o
- Page 123 and 124: Fire effects on weeds Moore (1993 p
- Page 125 and 126: Table 8. Typical nutrient levels in
- Page 127 and 128: grasses produced sigificantly more
- Page 129 and 130: Fossorial vertebrates are or were o
- Page 131 and 132: (Rosengren 1999). Approximately one
- Page 133 and 134: Table 12. Areal extent and conserva
- Page 135 and 136: Foreman (1997) investigated the eff
- Page 137 and 138: Willis (1964) considered that the f
- Page 139 and 140: Austrostipa-Enneapogon) from around
- Page 141 and 142: Woodlands and New England Grassy Wo
- Page 143 and 144: Thylogale billardierii), Peramelida
- Page 145 and 146: Its original habitat on the mainlan
- Page 147 and 148: Table 17. Endangered reptile specie
- Page 149 and 150: equirement, but unlike plants and v
- Page 151 and 152: e assigned the same biodiversity sc
- Page 153 and 154: Nematodes are mostly minute animals
- Page 155 and 156: found in all mainland states, O. co
- Page 157 and 158:
Keyacris scurra, Melbourne (1993) o
- Page 159 and 160:
was once widespread in south- easte
- Page 161 and 162:
eing sluggish and wingless, and exi
- Page 163 and 164:
estoration and, if Australia follow
- Page 165 and 166:
close to the plant are able to bury
- Page 167 and 168:
Species *Chirothrips mexicanus Craw
- Page 169 and 170:
Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
- Page 171 and 172:
Table A2.1 (continued) Species *Het
- Page 173 and 174:
Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
- Page 175 and 176:
Table A2.1 (continued) Species Life
- Page 177 and 178:
Nematodes of grasses and grasslands
- Page 179 and 180:
REFERENCES Aceñolaza, F.G. (2004)
- Page 181 and 182:
Benson, D. and McDougall, L. (2005)
- Page 183 and 184:
Chan, C.W. (1980) Natural grassland
- Page 185 and 186:
DNRE (Department of Natural Resourc
- Page 187 and 188:
Fuhrer, B. (1993) A Field Companion
- Page 189 and 190:
Groves, R.H. and Whalley, R.D.B. (2
- Page 191 and 192:
Iaconis, L. (2004) Chilean needle g
- Page 193 and 194:
Levine, J.M., Adler, P.B. and Yelen
- Page 195 and 196:
McDougall, K.L. (1987) Sites of Bot
- Page 197 and 198:
Morfe, T.A., McLaren, D.A. and Weis
- Page 199 and 200:
Perelman, S.B., León, R.J.C. and O
- Page 201 and 202:
Saunders, D.A. (1999) Biodiversity
- Page 203 and 204:
Thellung, A. (1912) La flore advent
- Page 205 and 206:
Weiss, J. and McLaren, D. (2002) Vi