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There are a number of reasons why providing built-in functions is preferable to requiring programmers to use inline assembly. They include the following: 1. Providing built-in functions for specific purposes simplifies coding. 2. Certain opitmizations are disabled when inline assembly is used. This is not the case for built-in functions. 3. For machine instructions that use dedicated registers, coding inline assembly while avoiding register allocation errors can require considerable care. The built-in functions make this process simpler as you do not need to be concerned with the particular register requirements for each individual machine instruction. This chapter is organized as follows: • Built-In Function List • Built-In Function Error Messages dsPIC ® Language Tools Libraries DS51456B-page 376 5.2 BUILT-IN FUNCTION LIST 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. This section describes the programmer interface to the MPLAB C30 C compiler built-in functions. Since the functions are “built in”, there are no header files associated with them. Similarly, there are no command-line switches associated with the built-in functions – they are always available. The built-in function names are chosen such that they belong to the compiler's namespace (they all have the prefix __builtin_), so they will not conflict with function or variable names in the programmer's namespace. __builtin_divsd Description: The function computes the quotient num/ den. A math error exception occurs if denis zero. Function arguments are signed, as is the function result. The command-line option -Wconversionscan be used to detect unexpected sign conversions. Prototype: int __builtin_divsd(const long num, const int den); Argument: num numerator den denominator Return Value: Returns the signed integer value of the quotient num/ den. Assembler Operator / Machine Instruction: Các thông báo lỗi sau đây được tạo ra khi các chức năng tích hợp được sử dụng không chính xác. Tham số để __builtin_function () không phải là địa chỉ của một đối tượng trong mã, PSV, hoặc phần EEDATA Đối số cho các chức năng tích hợp sau đây phải là một địa chỉ đối tượng rõ ràng: • __builtin_tblpage • __builtin_tbloffset • __builtin_psvpage • __builtin_psvoffset Ví dụ, nếu objis đối tượng trong một phần thực thi hoặc chỉ đọc, cú pháp sau có giá trị: unsigned trang = __builtin_function (& obj); __builtin_psvoffset Mô tả: Chức năng trả về trang PSV bù đắp của các đối tượng có địa chỉ là được coi là một tham số. Đối số pmust là địa chỉ của một đối tượng trong một dữ liệu EE, PSV hay không gian bộ nhớ thực thi; nếu không một thông báo lỗi được sản xuất và biên soạn không. Xem không gian thuộc tính trong MPLAB® Hướng dẫn C30 C Compiler của người dùng. Nguyên mẫu: int __builtin_psvoffset (const void * p); Đối số: p địa chỉ đối tượng Quay trở lại giá trị: Trả về số trang PSV offsetof đối tượng có địa chỉ là được coi là một tham số. Assembler Điều hành / Máy Hướng dẫn: psvoffset __builtin_return_address Mô tả: Chức năng này trả về địa chỉ trả về của hàm hiện tại, hoặc của một trong những người gọi của nó. Đối với levelargument một giá trị từ 0 sản lượng địa chỉ trả về của hàm hiện nay, giá trị sản lượng 1 sự trở lại địa chỉ của người gọi của chức năng hiện tại, và vv. Khi mức độ vượt quá chiều sâu ngăn xếp hiện tại, 0 sẽ được trả lại. Chức năng này chỉ nên được sử dụng với một đối số khác không cho mục đích gỡ lỗi. Nguyên mẫu: int __builtin_return_address (const mức int); Đối số: mức Số khung để quét lên gọi chồng. Quay trở lại giá trị: Trả về địa chỉ trả về của hàm hiện tại, hoặc của một trong của nó
div.sd __builtin_divud Description: The function computes the quotient num/ den. A math error exception occurs if denis zero. Function argumentsare unsigned, as is the function result. The command-line option -Wconversionscan be used to detect unexpected sign conversions. Prototype: unsigned int __builtin_divud(const unsigned người gọi. Assembler Điều hành / Máy Hướng dẫn: return_address dsPIC ® Thư viện Công cụ Ngôn ngữ long num, const unsigned int den); Argument: num numerator den denominator DS51456B trang 380 GHI CHÚ: dsPIC 2004 Microchip Technology Inc Return Value: Returns the unsigned integervalue of the quotient num/ den. Assembler Operator / Machine Instruction: div.ud __builtin_mulss Description: The function computes the product p0x p1. Function arguments are signed integers, and the function result is a signed long integer. The command-line option-Wconversionscan be used to detect unexpected sign conversions. Prototype: signed long __builtin_mulss(const signed int p0, const signed int p1); Argument: p0 multiplicand p1 multiplier Return Value: Returns the signed long integer value of the product p0x p1. Assembler Operator / Machine Instruction: mul.ss MPLAB C30 Built-in Functions 2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51456B-page 377 __builtin_mulsu Description: The function computes the product p0x p1. Function arguments are integers with mixed signs, and the function result is a signed long integer. The command-line option-Wconversionscan be used to detect unexpected sign conversions. This function supports the full range of addressing modesof the instruction, including immediate ®LANGUAGE CÔNG CỤ THƯ VIỆN 2004 Microchip Technology Inc DS51456B trang 381 Phụ lục A. ASCII Character Set BẢNG A-1: ASCII CHARACTER SET Hầu hết các nhân vật quan trọng Nhân vật quan trọng nhất Hex01234567 0 NUL DLE Space 0 @ P 'p 1 SOH DC1! 1 AQ aq 2 STX DC2 "2 BR br 3 ETX DC3 # 3 CS cs 4 EOT DC4 $ 4 DT dt 5 ENQ NAK 5% EU eu 6ACKSYN & 6 FV FV 7BellETB '7 GW GW 8BSCAN (8 HX hx 9HTEM) 9 IY iy ALFSUB *: JZ jz BVTESC +; K [k { CFFFS, N ^ n ~ FSIUS / O_ Odel? dsPIC ® Thư viện Công cụ Ngôn ngữ mode for operand p1. DS51456B trang 382 2004 Microchip Technology Inc
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2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51
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dsPIC ®LANGUAGE TOOLS LIBRARIES 20
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215 4.11 variable argument lists .
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and macros for standard C operation
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This documentation is provided on t
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• Development Systems Information
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data section. The alternate startup
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specific libraries.) When compiling
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esults will occur when the function
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A batch file named makedsplib.batis
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-15 or smaller than -1.0. Analogous
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CORCON saved, used, restored DOand
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fractional* srcV ); Arguments: numE
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VectorCorrelateis 4 less than whate
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less than or equal to any previous
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Remarks: The negated value of 0x800
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Cycles (including C-function call a
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plus program words from VectorCopy
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Prototype: extern fractional* Black
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); Arguments: numElems number of el
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the base address of the matrix. Bec
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in default RAM memory space (X-Data
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0 ≤i < numRows1 0 ≤j < numCols2
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20 + 3(numRows*numCols) MatrixSubtr
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(of the same dimension) whose eleme
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history of the filter. After perfor
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Oppenheim and Ronald Schafer’s Di
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modulo buffer. Source samples, x[n]
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FIRDelayInit Description: FIRDelayI
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filter. Include: dsp.h Prototype: e
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FIRStruct* filter, fractional* refS
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energyEstimate estimated energy val
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fractional* delayBase ); Arguments:
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Source File: iircan.asm DSP Library
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srcSamps pointer to source samples
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} IIRTransposedStruct; extern fract
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no REPEATinstructions Program words
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Language Tools Libraries DS51456B-p
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for instance if: a = Op1 (b, c), wi
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and stores the results in the desti
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Description: DCTIPcomputes the Disc
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int log2N, fractcomplex* dstCV, fra
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fractcomplex* srcCV, fractcomplex*
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value can be calculated using the i
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A complex vector of size N/2 must h
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specific libraries. When compiling
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Control I/O pin definitions RW_PIN
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y calling the BusyXLCD()function. T
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COM1_COM16 COM16_COM1 Display On/Of
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Source File: CAN1AbortAll.c CAN2Abo
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char CAN2IsRXPassive(void); Argumen
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CAN2SendMessage Description: This f
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CAN2SetMask Description: This funct
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CAN_IDLE_CON_NO_WAITCAN On in Idle
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CAN_INDI_INVMESS_DIS CAN_INDI_WAK_D
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{ /* Length of data tobe transmitte
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Return Value: If the value of DONE
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dsPIC Peripheral Libraries 2004 Mic
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..... SKIP_SCAN_AN15 Return Value:
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DS51456B-page 100 3.5.2 Individual
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3.6 ADC10 FUNCTIONS This section co
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Module On/Off ADC_MODULE_ON ADC_MOD
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ADPCFG register as defined below: E
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ADC_CHX_NEG_SAMPLEB_AN6AN7AN8 ADC_C
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Scanselect = SKIP_SCAN_AN2 & SKIP_S
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dsPIC ® Language Tools Libraries D
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void OpenTimer4(unsigned int config
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Tx_SOURCE_EXT Tx_SOURCE_INT period
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3.7.2 Individual Macros WriteTimer2
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SetPriorityIntT4 SetPriorityIntT5 D
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Code Example: char reset_state; res
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Arguments: None Remarks: This macro
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stored into CNPU2 register. The upp
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SetPriorityInt2 SetPriorityInt3 Set
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IC_INT_PRIOR_3 IC_INT_PRIOR_4 IC_IN
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ReadCapture3 ReadCapture4 ReadCaptu
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void CloseOC4(void); void CloseOC5(
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Include: outcompare.h Prototype: vo
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Include: outcompare.h Prototype: un
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SetDCOC3PWM SetDCOC4PWM SetDCOC5PWM
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Code Example: pulse_start = 0x40 ;
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T3CON = 0x8000; T1CON = 0X8000; /*
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Transmit Interrupt Priority UART_TX
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UART_1STOPBIT config2 This contains
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Source File: WriteUART1.c WriteUART
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Code Example: EnableIntU2TX; Disabl
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ConfigIntUART1(UART_RX_INT_EN & UAR
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DCI_INT_PRI_4 DCI_INT_PRI_5 DCI_INT
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DCI_FRAME_LEN_15 DCI_FRAME_LEN_14 .
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Prototype: unsigned int ReadDCI(uns
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contents are sent duringthe timeslo
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SPI_INT_PRI_4 SPI_INT_PRI_5 SPI_INT
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Prototype: void WriteSPI1(unsigned
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Remarks: This functions initializes
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2004 Microchip Technology Inc. DS51
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SEC_PRESCAL_7_1 & PRI_PRESCAL_64_1;
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enables/disables the interrupt. Sou
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QEI_QE_CLK_DIVIDE_1_32 QEI_QE_CLK_D
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} int main(void) { unsigned int max
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PWM_PEN2H PWM_PDIS2H PWM_PEN1H PWM_
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PWM_POUT_1L Bit defines related to
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PWM_DTS3I_UA PWM_DTS3I_UB Dead Time
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PWM_OVA3H_INACTIVE PWM_OVA2H_INACTI
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#include #include void __attribute
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Prototype: void ConfigIntI2C(unsign
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Arguments: None Return Value None R
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a #definestatement in the i2c.h Sou
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I2C_IDLE_CON SCL Release Control bi
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i2c_data_wait This is the timeout c
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3.17.2 Individual Macros StartI2C D
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Arguments: None Remarks: This macro
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• src\libm- source code for math
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Remarks: The expression evaluates t
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if (isalpha(ch)) printf("# is alpha
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Remarks: A character is considered
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ch = '&'; if (isprint(ch)) printf("
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int ch; ch = 'B'; printf("B changes
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DBL_MIN_10_EXP Description: Minimum
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Include: Value: 1 Remarks: Rounds
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Description: Maximum value of a lon
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abort - terminating See the example
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} Output: Illegal instruction execu
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must be at least one named argument
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Include: Prototype: #define va_end
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to perform input and output operati
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_IOLBF Description: Indicates line
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Include: Prototype: void clearerr(
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Include: Prototype: int feof(FILE
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Error indicator reset Standard C Li
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fpos_t pos; char buf[25]; if ((myfi
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Description: Opens a file. Include:
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Explanation: afile1must exist befor
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Arguments: s string to be written s
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10.0/2 = 5.000000 10.0/3 = 3.333333
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Explanation: This program uses myfi
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SEEK_CUR- seeks from the current po
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*pos if successful; otherwise, fset
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if ((myfile = fopen("afile.out", "r
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10.0/2 = 5.000000 10.0/3 = 3.333333
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Return Value: Returns the character
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Standard C Libraries with Math Func
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e, E doublein scientific notation f
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putchar Description: Put a characte
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Output: File renamed dsPIC ® Langu
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® Language Tools Libraries DS51456
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setbuf(myfile1, NULL); printf("myfi
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int main(void) { char sbuf[100], s[
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Include: Prototype: char *tmpnam(c
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ungetc (Continued) Standard C Libra
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va_list ap; va_start(ap, fmt); prin
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with operands of type long. Include
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i = -2; printf("The absolute value
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(int) strtol(s,0,10)except it does
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eturn 0; else return 1; } Output: S
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printf("For div(%d, %d)\n", x, y);
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free Description: Frees memory. Inc
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printf("The absolute value of %7ld
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is undefined. malloc Description: A
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with the key Remarks: qsortoverwrit
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object. If reallocsucceeds in alloc
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optional whitespace, followed by an
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® Language Tools Libraries DS51456
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Prototype: size_t wcstombs(char *s,
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characters in s2and returns a value
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printf("\n"); memcpy(buf1, buf3, 5)
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printf("\n"); printf("memset(\"%s\"
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printf("buf1 : %s\n\n", buf1); ptr
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uf3 : Why? buf2 comes before buf1 b
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str1, str2, res); res = strcspn(str
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(string length = 11 characters) str
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s2 second string n number of charac
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printf("buf1 : %s\n", buf1); printf
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contained in s2. Example: #include
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else printf("%c not found\n", ch2);
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printf("\"%s\" found at position %d
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Output: str1 : Here, on top of the
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MMMis month of the year ddis day of
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printf("Local time = %s\n", asctime
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Example: #include /* for strftime,
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(in magnitude) to be represented in
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Argument: x value between -1 and 1
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Page 387 and 388: if (errno) perror("Error"); printf(
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Page 391 and 392: } Output: The cosine of -1.000000 i
Page 393 and 394: Error: range error The hyperbolic c
Page 395 and 396: errno = 0; x = -1E3; y = exp (x); i
Page 397 and 398: y = fabs (x); printf("The absolute
Page 399 and 400: -2.0F, -1.75F, -1.5F, -1.25F}; floa
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Page 403 and 404: perror("Error"); printf("For fmodf
Page 405 and 406: Return Value: Returns the fraction,
Page 407 and 408: printf("For a number = %fand an exp
Page 409 and 410: ldexpf(-0.625000, 2) = -2.500000 Fo
Page 411 and 412: x, y); errno = 0; x = 0.0; y = log1
Page 413 and 414: NaN is returned if xis a negative n
Page 415 and 416: Arguments: x single precision float
Page 417 and 418: dsPIC ® Language Tools Libraries D
Page 419 and 420: The sine of -1.000000 is -0.841471
Page 421 and 422: The hyperbolic sine of 0.000000 is
Page 423 and 424: Error: domain error The square root
Page 425 and 426: Return Value: Returns the tangent o
Page 427 and 428: x, y); } Output: The hyperbolic tan
Page 429 and 430: the calling process's data segment.
Page 431 and 432: eginning of the file. A return valu
Page 433 and 434: through the simulator. The return v
Page 435: uffer points to the storage locatio
Page 439 and 440: mul.uu dsPIC ® Language Tools Libr
Page 441 and 442: Return Value: Returns the psv page
Page 443 and 444: __builtin_mulus ...................
Page 445 and 446: arcsine Double Floating Point......
Page 447 and 448: Set Priority Macro.................
Page 449 and 450: isxdigit...........................
Page 451 and 452: String to Unsigned LongInteger ....
Page 453 and 454: DCT................................
Page 455 and 456: EnableIntlCx.......................
Page 457 and 458: Single Floating Point .............
Page 459 and 460: DBL_MAX_10_EXP ....................
Page 461 and 462: Single Floating Point..............
Page 463 and 464: tanhf .............................
Page 465 and 466: Set Capture Interrupt Priority ....
Page 467 and 468: ldiv_t ............................
Page 469 and 470: long long unsigned int Maximum Valu
Page 471 and 472: MatrixInvert ......................
Page 473 and 474: Single Floating Point..............
Page 475 and 476: system.............................
Page 477 and 478: Quick Sort ........................
Page 479 and 480: SEEK_SET...........................
Page 481 and 482: Minimum Value .....................
Page 483 and 484: va_arg ............................
Page 485 and 486: atoi ..............................
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strncpy ...........................
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Write..............................
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unsigned short int Maximum Value ..
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Zero, divide by....................
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