Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic ... - Capacity4Dev
Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic ... - Capacity4Dev Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic ... - Capacity4Dev
2 ROLE OF PROCESS SIMULATION IN EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS Figure 3: a) Fractional composition versus time, and b) Energy consumption versus time for the base case Figure 4 shows the same process in which the refl ux ratio is varied in order to obtain a constant composition at the top of the column. It is interesting to note that the distillation time as well as energy consumption are greatly reduced. Figure 4: a) Fractional composition versus time, and b) Energy consumption versus time for the constant composition case Figure 5 shows that a total separation of the oil constituents is achievable. Figure 5: a) Fractional composition versus time, and b) Energy consumption versus time for the total fractionation case These simulations show that, in the base case with a refl ux ratio of 15 and a high consumption of energy (Figure 4), the distillate accumulator collects a high percentage of pinene (93%). If a PID controller is introduced to maintain the concentration constant, the composition of pinene is around 90% and it takes only 12 h and a refl ux ratio of 5 to achieve the desired value, thus saving time and energy. In the case of complete fractionation, we can collect 93% of pinene, 88% of carene and 5.7% of dump products at the end of the process. 62
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS 2.3.4 Case Study: Menthol Recovery by Crystallization of Mentha Oil Crystallization from solution is an industrially important operation due to its ability to provide high-purity separations. The menthol crystallization process using menthe oil is rather simple, and consists of a cascade crystallization as shown in Figure 6. The objective of the simulation is to optimize the menthol crystallization process. The oil, composed of 75% menthol and also containing menthyl acetate, limonene and menthone (Table 1), is fed into the first crystallizer where the temperature is 35° F. The menthol crystals produced here are separated by decantation. The decanted liquid is passed to the second crystallizer and the crystals obtained in this second stage are also separated from the liquid by decantation. Thus, the assumptions made are: (i) limonene is present in all the fractions, and (ii) the separation of solid material from the liquid portion is complete. Furthermore, the thermophysical properties of menthone and menthyl acetate are included in the software’s database. The feed stream conditions are: temperature, 80° F; pressure, 1 atm; and flow rate, 50 lb · mol/h. Table 1: Major constituents of mentha oil Constituent Concentration Menthol 75% Menthyl acetate 11% Limonene 8% Menthone 6% S3 CR1 S4 CR2 S1 S2 S8 SO1 S7 S5 S9 S6 Figure 6: Flowsheet for the menthol crystallization process SO2 63
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2 ROLE OF PROCESS SIMULATION IN EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS<br />
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Figure 3: a) Fractional composition versus time, <strong>and</strong><br />
b) Energy consumption versus time <strong>for</strong> the base case<br />
Figure 4 shows the same process in which the refl ux ratio is<br />
varied in order to obtain a constant composition at the top of the column. It<br />
is interesting to note that the distillation time as well as energy consumption<br />
are greatly reduced.<br />
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Figure 4: a) Fractional composition versus time, <strong>and</strong><br />
b) Energy consumption versus time <strong>for</strong> the constant composition case<br />
Figure 5 shows that a total separation of the oil constituents<br />
is achievable.<br />
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Figure 5: a) Fractional composition versus time, <strong>and</strong><br />
b) Energy consumption versus time <strong>for</strong> the total fractionation case<br />
These simulations show that, in the base case with a refl ux<br />
ratio of 15 <strong>and</strong> a high consumption of energy (Figure 4), the distillate accumulator<br />
collects a high percentage of pinene (93%). If a PID controller<br />
is introduced to maintain the concentration constant, the composition of<br />
pinene is around 90% <strong>and</strong> it takes only 12 h <strong>and</strong> a refl ux ratio of 5 to achieve<br />
the desired value, thus saving time <strong>and</strong> energy. In the case of complete fractionation,<br />
we can collect 93% of pinene, 88% of carene <strong>and</strong> 5.7% of dump<br />
products at the end of the process.<br />
62
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