Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic ... - Capacity4Dev

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1 AN OVERVIEW OF EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS Some of these techniques are discussed in other chapters. Here, a few important, relevant references are provided. 1.4 Conclusions Some of the major constraints in sustainable industrial exploitation of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are due to the fact that the countries of South East Asia have poor agricultural practices for MAPs, unscientifi c and indiscriminate gathering practices from the wild, poor postharvest and post-gathering practices leading to poor quality raw material, lack of research for the development of high-yielding varieties of MAPs, poor propagation methods, ineffi cient processing techniques, poor quality control procedures, lack of research on process and product development, diffi - culty in marketing, non-availability of trained personnel, lack of facilities and tools to fabricate equipment locally, and fi nally lack of access to the latest technologies and market information. This calls for co-operation and coordination among various institutes and organizations of the region, in order to develop MAPs for sustainable commercial exploitation. The process of extracting MAPs determines how effi ciently we add value to MAP bioresources. In the case of essential oils, the extraction process affects the physical as well as internal composition. External appearance, at times, can result in rejection of the batch even if the analytical results are within acceptable limits. Furthermore, essential oils are evaluated internationally for their olfactory properties by experienced perfumers and these olfactory qualities supersede analytical results. Variations in the chemical constituents of the extracts of medicinal plants may result by using non-standardized procedures of extraction. Efforts should be made to produce batches with quality as consistent as possible (within the narrowest possible range). Bibliography Abraham, M. A., Sunol, A. K., 1997, Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Pollution Prevention, ACS Symposium Series, 670, Washington Banoti, A., 1980, Problems relating to the preparation and use of extracts from medicinal plants, Fitoterapia, 51: 5-11 Baser, K. H. C. and Kurkcuoglu, M., 1999, SPME and Headspace Assay Development: Application to Rose Products, In: Proceedings of the IFEAT Conference, 8-12 November 1998, London, p. 298-305 Baser, K. H. C., 1999, Essential oil extraction from natural products – nontraditional 52
EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS methods. ICS-UNIDO training course on Process simulation and essential oil extraction from Aromatic plants, 18-22 Oct 1999, Trieste, Italy Buttery, R. G., Ling, L. C., 1996, Methods for Isolating Food and Plant volatiles. In: Takeoka, G. R., Teranishi, R, Williams, P. J. and Kobayashi (Eds), Biotechnology for Improved Foods and Flavours, ACS Symposium Series, 637: 240-248 Clery, R., 1999, Advances in Headspace Analysis of Flowers. In: Proceedings of the IFEAT Conference, 8-12 November 1998, London, p. 294-297 Craveiro, A. A., Matos, F. J. A., Alenkar, J. W. and Plumel, M. M., 1989, Microwave for extraction of essential oil, Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 4: 43-44 Crippa, F., 1980, Problems involved in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations containing extracts, Fitoterapia, 51: 59-66 DeSilva, T. K., 1995, Development of Essential Oil Industry. In: A Manual on the Essential oil Industry, Ed. T. K. DeSilva, UNIDO, Vienna p. 1-11 Fleisher, A., 1999, The poroplast extraction technique in the fl avour and fragrance industry, Perfumer and Flavor, 15(5): 27-36 Forni, G. P., 1980, Thin layer and high performance liquid chromatography in the analysis of extracts, Fitoterapia, 51: 13-33 Guenther, E., 1952, The Essential Oils, vol. 6D Von Nostrand, Princeton, N. J. Guenthur, E., 1949, The Essential Oils, vol. 3D, Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J. Handa S. S. and Kaul, M. K., 1997, Cultivation and Utilization of Aromatic Plants. Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu, India Handa, S. S. and Kaul, M. K., 1996, Cultivation and Utilization of Medicinal Plants. Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu, India Handa, S. S., 1999, Essential oil extraction from natural products, the traditional methods. ICS-UNIDO training course on Process simulation and essential oil extraction from Aromatic Plants, 18-22 Oct. 1999, Trieste, Italy Handa, S. S., 2005, Traditional and Modern methods of extraction of essential oils from aromatic plants. Presentation at the training course on cultivation, post-harvesting and processing technologies of medicinal and aromatic plants in developing countries. ICS-UNIDO organized at Bomako, Mali (West Africa), 25-29 July 2005 Handa, S. S., Rakesh, D. D. and Vasisht, K., 2006, Compendium of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Asia, Vol. II, ICS-UNIDO, Trieste, Italy Humphrey, J. L., Keller, I. I. G. E., 1997, Separation Process Technology, McGraw Hill, New York Kaiser, R., 1991, Trapping, Investigation and Reconstruction of fl oral Scents. In: Muller, P. M. and Lamparsky, D. (Eds.), Perfumes, Art, Science and Technology, Elsevier, p. 213 Koedam, A., 1987, Some Aspects of Essential Oil Preparation. In: Sandra,P. and Bicchi, C. (Eds.), Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis, A. Huethig Verlag, Heidelberg, p. 13-15 53
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